Accessing windows network on linux

How to Mount Windows SMB Share on Linux with CIFS

In this article, we’ll look at how to mount a shared network folder hosted on a Windows computer in Linux. Windows uses the SMB (Server Message Block) protocol, formerly known as CIFS (Common Internet File System) to share and access shared folders over the network. On Linux, you can use the cifs-utils or Samba client to access Windows network shares via SMB protocol.

Hint. Port TCP/445 is used to access the shared network folder via SMB/CIFS. UDP ports 137, 138, and TCP ports 139 are used for name resolution. If these ports are closed, you will only be able to connect to a shared folder on Windows by using a host IP address.

Mount Windows Share on Linux with Cifs-util

You can mount a shared folder hosted on a Windows computer using the tools in the cifs-util package. Run this command to install the package:

$ sudo apt-get install cifs-utils

$ sudo dnf install cifs-utils

You can now mount the SMB share from a Windows computer using the User03 account:

$ sudo mount.cifs //192.168.31.33/backup /mnt/share -o user=User03

You must have a Windows user password to connect to a shared folder.

You can set additional parameters when mounting a network SMB folder:

$ sudo mount -t cifs -o username=User03,password=PasswOrd1,uid=1000,iocharset=utf8 //192.168.31.33/backup /mnt/share

• //192.168.31.33/backup – shared network folder in Windows;
• /mnt/share – mount point;
• -t cifs – specify the type of file system to mount;
• -o mount options (this option can only be used as root, so sudo is used in the command above);
• username=User03,password=PasswOrd1 – Name and password of the Windows user who has permission to access the share. If anonymous access to the network folder is allowed on Windows, you can specify the guest username here;
• iocharset=utf8 – enable support for UTF8 encoding to display the name of files on SMB shares;
• uid=1000 – use this Linux user as the owner of the files in the mounted folder.

By default, Windows shares will be mounted on Linux with full permissions (0755). Add the following options to the command if you want to change the default mount permissions:

Add the following line to the /etc/hosts file if you want to use the computer name instead of the IP address when mounting a Windows share:

If you do not want to enter Windows user credentials in the mount command, you can save them to a file.

$ mcedit ~/.windowscredentials

If you need to use a user account from an Active Directory domain, you will need to add a third line to the file:

$ chmod 600 ~/.windowscredentials

When mounting a shared folder, you can now specify the file path instead of the plaintext credentials:

$ sudo mount -t cifs -o credentials=/home/sysops/.windowscredentials,uid=1000,iocharset=utf8 //192.168.31.33/backup /mnt/share

Unmount a shared SMB folder:

Automatically Mount Network SBM Shares on Linux

The /etc/fstab file can be used to enable the automatic mounting of a Windows-shared folder on Linux.

Add the following string to the file to connect the SMB shared folder:
//192.168.31.33/backup /mnt/share cifs user,rw,credentials=/home/sysops/.windowscredentials,iocharset=utf8,nofail,_netdev 0 0

• rw – mount SBM folder in read/write mode
• nofail – resume Linux boot if file system mount fails
• _netdev – indicates that the filesystem is network connected. Linux will not mount such filesystems until networking has been successfully initialized on the host.

You can specify the version of the SMB protocol to be used for the connection (SMB version 1.0 is insecure and disabled by default in modern Windows versions). Add the parameter vers=3.0 to the end of the cifs connection string.

//192.168.31.33/backup /mnt/share cifs user,rw,credentials=/home/sysops/.windowscredentials,iocharset=utf8,nofail,_netdev,vers=3.0 0 0

If an incompatible (old version) of SMB is used on the remote Windows host, a connection error will occur:
mount error(112): Host is down
or
mount error(95): Operation not supported

To immediately mount a shared folder from the fstab configuration file

How to Access Windows Share on Linux with a Samba Client

Install the samba-client on Linux:

$ sudo apt-get install smbclient

$ sudo dnf install smbclient

To view the SMB hosts on the local network:

List the SMB folders that are available on a remote Windows host:

If you have disabled anonymous access in Windows, you will get an error:

session setup failed: NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED

In this case, you must specify the Windows user account that you want to use to access the shared folder:

$ smbclient -L //192.168.31.33 -U User03

Add the -W option if you want to use a domain user account:

$ smbclient -L //192.168.31.33 -U User03 –W Domain

To establish an interactive connection to a Windows network share, use the following command

$ smbclient //192.168.31.33/backup -U User03 -W Domain

$ smbclient //192.168.31.33/backup -U User03

To access the SMB folder anonymously:

$ smbclient //192.168.31.33/backup -U Everyone

After logging in, the following prompt will appear:

List the files in a shared SMB folder:

Download the file from the Windows shared folder:

get remotefile.txt /home/sysops/localfile.txt

Save a local file from Linux to an SMB directory:

put /home/sysops/localfile.txt remotefile.txt

You can run multiple smbclient commands one after the other:

$ smbclient //192.168.31.33/backup -U User03 -c "cd MyFolder; get arcive.zip /mnt/backup/archive.zip"

You can use the help command to display a full list of commands in smbclient. The syntax of the smbclient commands is similar to the ftp client commands.

An error may occur when using the smbclient command:

Unable to initialize messaging context
smbclient: Can’t load /etc/samba/smb.conf — run testparm to debug it.

Create the file /etc/samba/smb.conf to fix the error.

If the SMB 1.0 protocol is disabled on the Windows host, the smbclient connection will fail:

Reconnecting with SMB1 for workgroup listing.
protocol negotiation failed: NT_STATUS_CONNECTION_RESET
Unable to connect with SMB1 — no workgroup available.

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How to browse windows network in ubuntu 13.10?

what do i enter as the hostname and username? is it the name of the computer i want to connect to? what if i do not know it and what to connect to it?

4 Answers 4

assuming you have installed samba,

on the command line, you can explicity list all shares on a given host with this command

This command might be helpful, when nautilus might not list all hosts and shares that are in fact available.

Connect to a SMB share with

smbclient //server/share -U user 

You can connect directly with

smbclient //server/share -U user%password 

but your password will show on the screen (less secure).

Once connected you will get a prompt that looks like this :

Type «help» , without quotes, at the prompt for a list of available commands.

So, I can connect to and see smb directories in the terminal, but Nautilus does not show or connect to. This answer only shows how to connect in the terminal, but does not provide how to fix the Nautilus problem. Is there any way?

Be sure to install samba CTRL + ALT + T

sudo apt-get install samba 

Run terminal and enter this command-

and add computer ip address and name in hosts file. Save and exit.

Thats all.It will solve your issue .

Spent hours trying to sort out this issue, been in any and every post and documentation, but was determined to resolve this issue once and for all, and found the problem. Went to windows 7 and according to the firewall, the sharing settings been not well configured to accept Linux, but now it is. So my advice is to built the smb share into Ubuntu (or Linux) and if not successful, try to find the next issue inside windows.

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How do you set up Ubuntu to see Windows Network?

The data above has been anonymized for my protection.

Also I can ping them, I just can’t see them via smb:// .

There is a package in the repositories called ‘winbind’ that will allow you to browse by computer name. ( sudo apt-get install winbind )

2 Answers 2

In Linux machine check /etc/samba/smb.conf .If you have in your shares option browseable = no this means that you can mount the share but you can’t see it on your network ,it’s like invisible share. You’ll need to edit these..

Then try to run nmblookup \*

and do sudo gedit /etc/nsswitch.conf . Look for a line starts with hosts:. if the line doesnt contain the word «wins» change the line to: hosts: files wins dns

You may also need to grant share permissions on the Window machine. It works better when this is an intentionally shared folder and not a default share or a «Shared Documents» folder. In Vista and some XP you have to actually find the «Permissions» button on the Sharing tab and grant everyone permission. This is different than NTFS file permissions on the Security tab and can be a pain to figure out on the «Home» versions.

I think that for most people, they have a local network and a router that connects them to the internet. Then they have various machines on their local network. If you’re connected like that, then your dynamic IP is usually the one provided by your ISP and it is assigned to the router’s internet side. Your local machines would usually have addresses in the 192.168.X.Y or 10.X.Y.Z or 172.something ranges and those IP addresses can be static or dynamic. If you are using «wlan0» as your network interface, then you are probably connecting wirelessly to a wireless router which usually, by default, will give you a dynamic IP address.

If you can «ping» the windows machines in your local network from the Ubuntu machine, then you should be able to share files on those windows machines with your Ubunty machine by using Samba. You can put your windows machines in the same workgroup and configure Samba to use the same workgroup. The Samba configuration file is usually in /etc/samba/smb.conf . If you don’t have Samba, you should install it:

 $ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get install samba 

There are comments in the samba configuration file, but reading the docs may be necessary. Look in /usr/share/doc/samba for information and check the man pages for samba (man samba) and go from there. I hope that helps a little.

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