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How to set JAVA_HOME for Java?

You can set your JAVA_HOME in /etc/profile as Petronilla Escarabajo suggests. But the preferred location for JAVA_HOME or any system variable is /etc/environment .

Open /etc/environment in any text editor like nano or gedit and add the following line:

JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/open-jdk" 

(java path could be different)

Use source to load the variables, by running this command:

Then check the variable, by running this command:

Usually most linux systems source /etc/environment by default. If your system doesn’t do that add the following line to ~/.bashrc (Thanks @pje)

When i tried to run Android Studio (that has IntelliJ IDEA as a base), i had an error message very similar to @advocate’s: «‘tools.jar’ seems to be not in Android Studio classpath.» After fiddling a lot with JAVA_HOME without success, i decided to take a look at studio.sh, the shellscript that starts Android Studio. As a wild guess, i set JDK_HOME to the same value expected for JAVA_HOME, and voila! It installed without great problems.

For those doing software development, don’t put your JAVA_HOME in /etc/environment unless you want to reboot everytime you switch JDK versions.

This is a temporary solution, as others pointed out. No one would want to run source every time they restart their bash.

As others have pointed out, this doesn’t stick between terminal sessions. What I did to address this is just added the line source /etc/environment to the top of my bash config file ~/.bashrc so that it loads all my environment settings on startup. Working for me so far.

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How to Set JAVA_HOME Linux

Java is one of the most influential and popular programming languages. Originally released by Sun Microsystems in 1995, Java is a cross-platform language that is now a part of almost every aspect of technology. You will find Java everywhere – banking, financial services, big data, stock market, mobile (Android), and more. It easily ranks among the top programming languages and is likely to remain so for at least a decade.

In this guide, we’ll showcase one of the basic and crucial steps of configuring Java on your system – setting up the JAVA_HOME environment variable in Linux.

Prerequisites

Before diving deeper, let’s quickly refresh on various concepts and keywords.

JDK vs. JRE

If you’re interested in Java, you are probably already familiar with them. JDK stands for “Java Development Kit.” It contains the necessary tools and libraries to build and run (using JRE) Java apps. If you’re interested in learning or working on a Java project, JDK is the option to choose.

JRE stands for “Java Runtime Environment.” This package contains the tools and libraries needed to run a Java application. It’s a must-have to run any Java program on the system.

Note that JDK comes bundled with JRE by default. So, you don’t have to install JRE separately if you already have JDK installed.

Environment variables

In Linux, environment variables hold various system info available to apps. The info can be about how apps run on the environment, different system behaviors, etc.

Depending on the accessibility of the variables, we can divide them into 2 categories.

• Local environment variables: These variables are set on a per-user basis. Only the specific user can use them in their sessions.
• Global environment variables: These variables are accessible by everyone on the system.

JAVA_HOME

The JAVA_HOME is an environment variable. It holds the location of the Java binaries. Many applications rely on this environment variable to locate the Java binaries and libraries.

It can be set both on a local or global basis.

Setting up JAVA_HOME

Now that we understand what JAVA_HOME is, it’s time to learn how to set its value.

First, figure out the version of Java installed. This version number is often linked to the Java binary path.

If Java was installed globally, then the installation is likely stored at the following location.

This directory contains the Java binaries and libraries. Check the content of the directory.

In my case, I have OpenJDK 11 installed on Ubuntu (more on installing the latest Java on Ubuntu). From the output, we can see entries like “default-java” and “java-1.11.0-openjdk-amd64” are symlinks of “java-11-openjdk-amd64”.

We’re going to set the value of JAVA_HOME to java-1.11.0-openjdk-amd64 (recommended).

Note that this environment variable will only last for the current shell session. Once restarted, you have to set the value once again manually. To solve this issue, most shells come with a configuration file that contains codes and commands the shell must run whenever it launches. In the case of bash, it’s called bashrc (for zsh, it’s zshrc, etc.).

Open the file in a text editor.

Now, add the following line at the end of the file. It will mark the environment variable accessible to all shell sessions and the binaries available directly from the PATH variable.

$ export JAVA_HOME =/ usr / lib / jvm / java — 1.11.0 — openjdk — amd64

$ export PATH = $PATH : $JAVA_HOME / bin

Save the file and close the editor. To take the changes into effect, reload the bashrc file.

Setting JAVA_HOME globally

The previous section demonstrates setting up JAVA_HOME on a single user account. It’s a good practice because each user may prefer different configurations. Some may even use a completely different Java version or Java flavor.

Bash comes with a global bashrc file that every shell session in the system must load, irrespective of the user. By declaring the location of JAVA_HOME there, we can make it available for all users in the system. Note that it’s not recommended and should be used only in specific situations.

Open up the global bashrc file in a text editor. Note that it requires sudo privilege to tweak this file.

Now, update the values of JAVA_HOME and PATH.

$ export JAVA_HOME =/ usr / lib / jvm / java — 1.11.0 — openjdk — amd64

$ export PATH = $PATH : $JAVA_HOME / bin

Save the file and close the editor. Reload the file into the bash shell to take the changes into effect.

Final thoughts

In this guide, we’ve explored various concepts like environment variables and demonstrated how to set JAVA_HOME as a local or global environment variable. Numerous development apps like NetBeans, Eclipse, Maven, ANT, Apache Tomcat, Android Studio, and more depend on JAVA_HOME to function properly.

Note that if the variable was set globally, then the location must be accessible to all users in the system. Otherwise, it will cause many issues, leading to severe headaches. To solve file permission conflicts, Linux comes with a built-in tool: chown. Learn more about chown and how to use it.

About the author

Sidratul Muntaha

Student of CSE. I love Linux and playing with tech and gadgets. I use both Ubuntu and Linux Mint.

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How to Set JAVA_HOME Path in Ubuntu 20.04 and Ubuntu 22.04

Many Java-based programs require the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) to run smoothly regardless of the operating system. For development, most IDEs like Eclipse and NetBeans require the Java Development Kit (JDK) on your computer. Whether you’re a newbie who wants to learn how to develop or an application you have installed requires a Java installation on your system, we’ve got you covered. Setting up the JAVA_HOME path is quite simple.

In this tutorial, we will learn how to install the JDK on Ubuntu 20.04 and Ubuntu 22.04 and set up the Java_HOME path. Let’s start with the installation of the JDK.

Install OpenJDK on Ubuntu

Note: Make sure that you have updated the Advanced Package Tool (APT) before you move forward to install OpenJDK.

Press Ctrl + Alt + T to open the terminal and enter the following command mentioned in the box. You can either install OpenJDK 8 or the newer versions OpenJDK 11 to OpenJDK 18. Not all versions are available on any Ubuntu version, you can check for available versions with the command:

Install OpenJDK 8

sudo apt install openjdk-8-jdk

Install OpenJDK 11

sudo apt install openjdk-11-jdk

Install OpenJDK 14

sudo apt install openjdk-14-jdk

Install OpenJDK 16

sudo apt install openjdk-16-jdk

Install OpenJDK 17

sudo apt install openjdk-17-jdk

Install OpenJDK 18

sudo apt install openjdk-18-jdk

You will be prompted to enter your sudo password to continue with the installation.

Once you’ve entered that, wait for the system to finish the installation and then move on to step 2.

Set JAVA_HOME Path

All you have to do now is to set the “JAVA_HOME” and “PATH” environment variables and then you are done. Enter the following commands to set your environment variables. Make sure that your environment variables point to a valid installation of JDK on your machine. For Ubuntu 18.04, the path is /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64

To check whether your JAVA_HOME path has been successfully saved, enter the following command to check.

The value stored in the JAVA_HOME variable will be displayed on the terminal as you can see in the screenshot

Add JAVA bin directory to the PATH variable

Like we have added JAVA_HOME path, we will now update the PATH variable as well. To do that, enter the following command on the terminal.

export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin

This will append the java bin directory to the existing PATH variable. You can also check the PATH variable by entering the following command

Test JAVA setup

You have successfully installed OpenJDK on your machine. You can verify your installation by entering the following command on your terminal.

Through this simple tutorial, you have now configured the JAVA_HOME variable in your operating system. You can now easily run java based applications as well as development environments on your machine.

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