Arch linux which terminal

Linux console

The Linux console is a system console internal to the Linux kernel. The Linux console provides a way for the kernel and other processes to send text output to the user, and to receive text input from the user. The user typically enters text with a computer keyboard and reads the output text on a computer monitor. The Linux kernel supports virtual consoles — consoles that are logically separate, but which access the same physical keyboard and display.

This article describes the basics of the Linux console and how to configure the font display. Keyboard configuration is described in the /Keyboard configuration subpage.

Implementation

This article or section needs expansion.

Reason: In what ways is the Linux console limited compared to terminal emulators? (Discuss in Talk:Linux console)

The console, unlike most services that interact directly with users, is implemented in the kernel. This contrasts with terminal emulation software, such as Xterm, which is implemented in user space as a normal application. The console has always been part of released Linux kernels, but has undergone changes in its history, most notably the transition to using the framebuffer and support for Unicode.

Despite many improvements in the console, its full backward compatibility with legacy hardware means it is limited compared to a graphical terminal emulator.

Virtual consoles

The console is presented to the user as a series of virtual consoles. These give the impression that several independent terminals are running concurrently; each virtual console can be logged in with different users, run its own shell and have its own font settings. The virtual consoles each use a device /dev/ttyX , and you can switch between them by pressing Alt+Fx (where x is equal to the virtual console number, beginning with 1). The device /dev/console is automatically mapped to the active virtual console.

Text mode

Since Linux originally began as a kernel for PC hardware, the console was developed using standard IBM CGA/EGA/VGA graphics, which all PCs supported at the time. The graphics operated in VGA text mode, which provides a simple 80×25 character display with 16 colours. This legacy mode is similar to the capabilities of dedicated text terminals, such as the DEC VT100 series. It is still possible to boot in text mode (with vga=0 nomodeset ) if the system hardware supports it, but almost all modern distributions (including Arch Linux) use the framebuffer console instead.

Framebuffer console

As Linux was ported to other non-PC architectures, a better solution was required, since other architectures do not use VGA-compatible graphics adapters, and may not support text modes at all. The framebuffer console was implemented to provide a standard console across all platforms, and so presents the same VGA-style interface regardless of the underlying graphics hardware. As such, the Linux console is not a terminal emulator, but a terminal in its own right. It uses the terminal type linux , and is largely compatible with VT100.

Keyboard shortcuts

Keyboard Shortcut	Description
Ctrl+Alt+Del	Reboots the system (specified by the symlink /usr/lib/systemd/system/ctrl-alt-del.target )
Alt+F1 , F2 , F3 , .	Switch to n-th virtual console
Alt+Left	Switch to previous virtual console
Alt+Right	Switch to next virtual console
Scroll Lock	When Scroll Lock is activated, input/output is locked
Ctrl+c	Kills current task
Ctrl+d	Inserts an EOF
Ctrl+z	Pauses current Task

Fonts

Note: This section is about the Linux console. For alternative console solutions offering more features (full Unicode fonts, modern graphics adapters etc.), see KMSCON or similar projects.

The Linux console uses UTF-8 encoding by default, but because the standard VGA-compatible framebuffer is used, a console font is limited to either a standard 256, or 512 glyphs. If the font has more than 256 glyphs, the number of colours is reduced from 16 to 8. In order to assign correct symbol to be displayed to the given Unicode value, a special translation map, often called unimap, is needed. Nowadays, most of the console fonts have the unimap built-in; historically, it had to be loaded separately.

By default, the virtual console uses the kernel built-in font with a CP437 character set[1], but this can be easily changed. The kernel offers about 15 built in fonts to choose from, from which the officially supported kernels provide two: VGA 8×16 font ( CONFIG_FONT_8x16 ) and Terminus 16×32 font ( CONFIG_FONT_TER16x32 ). The kernel chooses the one to use based on its evaluation of the screen resolution. Another builtin font can be forced upon by kernel parameters boot parameter setting such as fbcon=font:TER16x32 .

The kbd package provides tools to override the kernel decision for virtual console font and font mapping. Available fonts are provided in the /usr/share/kbd/consolefonts/ directory; those ending with .psfu or .psfu.gz have a Unicode translation map built-in.

Keymaps, the connection between the key pressed and the character used by the computer, are found in the subdirectories of /usr/share/kbd/keymaps/ ; see /Keyboard configuration for details.

Note: Replacing the font can cause issues with programs that expect a standard VGA-style font, such as those using line drawing graphics.

Tip: For European based languages written in Latin/Greek letters, you can use the eurlatgr font. It includes a broad range of Latin/Greek letter variations as well as special characters [2].

Preview and temporary changes

shows a table of glyphs or letters of a font.

setfont temporarily change the font if passed a font name (in /usr/share/kbd/consolefonts/ ) such as

Font names are case-sensitive. With no parameter, setfont returns the console to the default font.

So to have a small 8×8 font, with that font installed like seen below, use e.g.:

$ setfont -h8 /usr/share/kbd/consolefonts/drdos8x8.psfu.gz

To have a bigger font, the Terminus font ( terminus-font ) is available in many sizes, such as ter-132b which is large.

Note: setfont only works on the console currently being used. Any other consoles, active or inactive, remain unaffected.

Persistent configuration

The FONT variable in /etc/vconsole.conf is used to set the font at boot, persistently for all consoles. See vconsole.conf(5) for details.

For displaying characters such as Č, ž, đ, š or Ł, ę, ą, ś using the font lat2-16.psfu.gz :

It means that second part of ISO/IEC 8859 characters are used with size 16. You can change font size using other values (e.g. lat2-08 ). For the regions determined by 8859 specification, look at the Wikipedia:ISO/IEC 8859#The parts of ISO/IEC 8859.

Since mkinitcpio v33, the font specified in /etc/vconsole.conf gets automatically loaded during early userspace by default via the consolefont hook, which adds the font to the initramfs. See Mkinitcpio#HOOKS for more information.

You may also need to restart systemd-vconsole-setup.service after changing /etc/vconsole.conf .

If the fonts appear to not change on boot, or change only temporarily, it is most likely that they got reset when graphics driver was initialized and console was switched to framebuffer. By default, all in-tree kernel drivers are loaded early, NVIDIA users should see NVIDIA#Early loading to load their graphics driver before /etc/vconsole.conf is applied.

HiDPI

Audible tones

See also

Источник

kde terminal arch

CTRL + ALT + F2 to go to tty2. You always have access to a terminal on Linux. Welcome to Arch! First off, you can get to a terminal regardless of what desktop environment you’re using Ctrl + Alt + F keys from F1 to F6 (although GNOME uses F1 for GDM and F2 for the shell, so use F3-F6).

Which is better Gnome or KDE?

GNOME vs KDE: applications

GNOME and KDE applications share general task related capabilities, but they also have some design differences. KDE applications for example, tend to have more robust functionality than GNOME. . KDE software is without any question, far more feature rich.

Which is better KDE or XFCE?

As for XFCE, I found it too unpolished and more simple than it should. KDE is by far better than anything else (including any OS) in my opinion. . All three are quite customizable but gnome is quite heavy on the system while xfce is the lightest out of the three.

How do I install Konsole?

1. Run update command to update package repositories and get latest package information.
2. Run the install command with -y flag to quickly install the packages and dependencies. sudo apt-get install -y konsole.
3. Check the system logs to confirm that there are no related errors.

What is KDE in Linux operating system?

KDE stands for K Desktop Environment. It is a desktop environment for Linux based operation system. You can think KDE as a GUI for Linux OS. KDE has proved Linux users to make it use as easy as they use windows. KDE provides Linux users a graphical interface to choose their own customized desktop environment.

How do I open Konsole in Linux?

Hit on Konsole (Terminal) In right-side click on Advanced Tab. In Current Shortcut Key set a new shortcut ( Ctrl + Alt + T )

How do I change the default terminal in DWM?

Getting Started. To spin up a terminal in dwm, just press the following: + + . If it doesn’t work then checkout the changing keybindings section where I talk about remapping the key bindings and customizing which terminal should open up.

How do I change the default terminal in manjaro?

1. For gnome, you can execute: .
2. If you use xfce DE, then go to settings, then preferred application, then utilities tab and then change the terminal emulator from there.

What is the default terminal in manjaro?

The default terminal is still Konsole and not terminator even after typing in the settings area.

Instalar en pc

Instale R en Ubuntu a través de los repositorios CRANPaso 1: agregue la clave CRAN gpg. . Paso 2: agregue el repositorio CRAN para instalar R. . P.

Linux

¿Cómo instalo Hulu en Linux??¿Existe una aplicación de Hulu para Linux??¿Qué programas son compatibles con Linux??¿Existe una aplicación de Hulu para .

Linux

Las mejores computadoras portátiles Linux 2021Dell XPS 13 7390. Ideal para quienes buscan un portátil elegante y elegante. . System76 Serval WS. Una.

Últimas noticias, consejos prácticos, reseñas detalladas y guías. Tenemos todo sobre el sistema operativo Linux

Источник

What is Arch Linux’s default terminal?

Using the command echo $TERM , I get the output ‘xterm’. However, I have not done anything to install the X Windowing System, and as far as I know, Xterm cannot run without it, and Arch does not install it by default. (Furthermore, there isn’t any manpage on xterm, and I would think that if I actually had xterm installed, it would have a manpage). So is the default terminal for Arch Linux really Xterm? If so, how is it running without X? If not, why does the $TERM variable contain ‘xterm’, and what is the default terminal?

1 Answer 1

When you log in to the console without X11, you are using the Linux built-in «virtual console». It’s built into the kernel and its terminfo name is linux , which is what you should be seeing in $TERM .

If your $TERM has anything else, carefully check your configuration, including:

• the agetty lines in /etc/inittab (they should say linux at the end 1 )
• system-wide shell startup scripts
  • /etc/profile , /etc/profile.d/*.sh
  • /etc/bash.bashrc (if using bash)
  • ~/.profile , ~/.bash_profile , ~/.bash_login , ~/.bashrc

  1 Certain Arch Wiki pages suggest configuring agetty in inittab to use xterm or even xterm-256color . This is nonsense.

  When googling for an example of Arch’s inittab (being away from my own system), I found the Arch Wiki page on «Init and inittab», which has such examples in it (agetty being told to use «xterm-256color» as the terminal name) without sufficient explanation as to why it should be done like that. Not only this configuration is incorrect and cannot add any new features (such as more colors) to the Linux tty, it can even break programs expecting to be able to use Xterm-specific commands, as other users blindly trust and copy-paste the Wiki examples.

  Ah right now I understand what you mean. It’d configure the Linux virtual console to pretend to be xterm, with negative side effects in everything checking e.g. Term env variable or Termcap

  Alright, I feel like a complete moron—the $TERM on my arch linux computer is ‘linux’; however, I’ve been accessing the computer via ssh (the keyboard is busted, I just used my desktop keyboard, which happens to be a USB keyboard, to do). I had no idea that ssh would use a diff terminal than the one the computer was using, though it seems pretty obvious now. Sorry for that.

  Источник