Arduino wifi with ethernet

Arduino — Ethernet

Ethernet is the easiest way to connect Arduino to Internet. There are many ways to connect Arduino to the Internet via Ethernet. Among them, we introduce two ways for Arduino Uno:

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Arduino Ethernet Shield 2 vs PHPoC WiFi/Ethernet Shield

PHPoC WiFi/Ethernet Shield is also called PHPoC Shield.

Both Arduino Ethernet Shield 2 and PHPoC WiFi/Ethernet Shield communicates with Arduino via the SPI interface. The followings are deferences between them:

Arduino Ethernet Shield 2	PHPoC WiFi/Ethernet Shield
Price	normal	expensive
Usage	easy	easy
Library	built-in	need to Install
MAC Address	need to declare in code	built-in on Shield, no need to declare in code
IPv4 Address	set in Arduino code	set via web
IPv6	no	yes
SSL/TLS	no	yes
Dedicated web server	no	yes
Websocket	no	yes
Sending Gmail	no	yes
Built-in web app	no	yes
WiFi	no	yes

Arduino — Webserver

We can make Arduino become a webserver with both shield. Howerver:

Arduino Ethernet Shield 2: we have to mix Arduino code and web code (HTML, css, javascript) in to Arduino sketch. It is dificult to use image.

It has a dedicated web server on Shield, Arduino code will be in Arduino sketch. Web code (HTML, css, javascript) and image is stored on the shield. We can upload HTLML, css, javascript and image file to this shield (max is 512 KB of sie in total). The uploading process is very simple. Just drag and drop.

Moreover, This shield supports websocket, which allows to exchange data between web browser ann Arudino in real time and two direction.

It has some built-in webapp, which let beginners program and control Arduino via web browser WITHOUT writing web code (HTML, css, javascript).

One more great feature of PHPoC WiFi/Ethernet Shield is ability to switch from Ethernet to WiFi without changing Arduino code. The same Arduino code can works for both Enthernet and WiFi interface.

With more advanced features, Those are reason why PHPoC WiFi/Ethernet Shield is more expensive than Arduino Ethernet Shield 2.

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Communication between two Arduino

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Communication between two Arduino — Overview

Let’s consider a specific case: Arduino #1 communicates with Arduino #2. There are many methods to enable communication between two Arduino. We can choose one of them depending on the communication range. The below table shows some methods and their communication range.

Methods	Range
I2C	very short
SPI	very short
UART (TTL)	very short
UART (RS-232/485/422)	short
Bluetooth	short
LoRa	long
Ethernet/WiFi	unlimited (*)

If two Arduino are not connected to the Internet, but they are connected in the same LAN network, they can still communicate with each other. The communication range is limited within the LAN network.

Among the above methods, this tutorial uses Ethernet/WiFi to enable communication between two Arduino because it allows two Arduino to communicate over the unlimited distance.

Communication between two Arduino via Ethernet/WiFi

Two Arduino can communicate with each other via Ethernet/WiFi if:

No matter two Arduino connects with each other within a local LAN network or via the Internet, there are two types of communication:

In the case of communicating directly, in most cases, one Arduino plays the role of TCP client, the other plays the role of TCP server.

In the case of communicating through a centralized server, in most cases, both Arduino play the role of TCP client.

Depending on the application, We need to choose an application protocol for communicating between two Arduino. Below are some of the application protocols we can use:

UDP protocol is beyond the scope of this tutorial.

Example Application

Let’s realize the following application: A button/switch connected to Arduino #1 controls an LED connected to Arduino #2 via Ethernet/WiFi.

This tutorial uses two Arduino Ethernet Shield 2. You can use another WiFi Shield or Ethernet Shield instead. If you use another shield it just needs to modify the code a little bit.

As mentioned above, there are some application protocols we can use. In this example, to make it simple, we will define a protocol by ourself (a self-defined protocol)

Self-defined Protocol

Let’s define a simple protocol:

Wiring Diagram

you need to add a resistor for LED if LED does not have a built-in resistor. You can learn more in Arduino — LED and Arduino — Button tutorials

Arduino Code for Arduino #1

Arduino Code for Arduino #2

Quick Steps

Open another Arduino IDE window (called Arduino IDE #2) by clicking on Arduino IDE icon on your PC (important! (**) )

ARDUINO #2: TCP SERVER + AN LED TCP Server IP address: 192.168.0.2 -> Please update the serverAddress in Arduino #1 code

ARDUINO #1: TCP CLIENT + A BUTTON/SWITCH Connected to TCP server — The button is pressed, sent command: 1 — The button is released, sent command: 0 — The button is pressed, sent command: 1 — The button is released, sent command: 0 — The button is pressed, sent command: 1 — The button is released, sent command: 0

ARDUINO #2: TCP SERVER + AN LED TCP Server IP address: 192.168.0.2 -> Please update the serverAddress in Arduino #1 code — Received command: 1 — Received command: 0 — Received command: 1 — Received command: 0 — Received command: 1 — Received command: 0

(**): If you open Arduino IDE #2 window via «File» → «New» or «Open» from Arduino IDE #2 window, you will NOT be able to open two Serial Monitors for two Arduino in the same PC at the same time.

There is an alternative to this self-defined protocol. It is the Modbus TCP. The Modbus protocol is standardized, it has many advantages over the self-defined protocol. See more in Arduino — Modbus tutorial

Video Tutorial

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How to connect two Arduino via Internet

There are two kinds of IP address: private IP address and public IP address. The IP address you are using in the home network is usually a private IP address.

You can easily identify the private IP address. The private IP address has three pattern: 10.x.x.x, 172.16.x.x, 192.168.x.x

It does NOT matter to use the private IP address in the following case:

If two Arduino are in the same LAN network, regardless of communicating directly or via a centralized server, regardless of your LAN network connects to the Internet or not.

If two Arduino are in the different LAN networks and communicating with each other via a centralized server

In the case of two Arduino are in the different LAN networks and communicating with each other directly. The Arduino TCP client can use the private IP address. However, the Arduino TCP server MUST use either:

The process of doing «Port Forwarding» is different from each router/AP. It is out of the scope of this tutorial.

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Arduino wifi with ethernet

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Arduino Yún — Wi-Fi и Ethernet при нём

На днях итальянская компания презентовала и запустила продажи новой модели в семействе своих устройств — Arduino Yún. Главной изюминкой стало то, чего многие Arduino-фанаты ждали уже давно — встроенные сетевые возможности. На плату добавили сразу два сетевых интерфейса — Wi-Fi и Ethernet.

Сама плата основана на Arduino Leonardo и управляется комбинацией микроконтроллера ATMega32u4 и SoC Atheros AR9331, работающей под управлением Linino (Yún’s Linux) — кастомизированной версии OpenWRT.

Межпроцессорное взаимодействие

Yún’s Linux и Arduino общаются посредством библиотеки Bridge, позволяющей Arduino скетчам посылать команды в Linux. Сами процессоры соединены последовательным интерфейсом, то есть ATMega32u4 работает с Yún’s Linux через интерфейс командной строки (CLI). Так же есть возможность установить и запустить свое Linux приложение используя Bridge.

Другой интересной особенностью является возможность заливать Arduino скетчи через WiFi интерфейс посредством SoC AR9331. При присутствии Arduino Yún в одной сети с компьютером плата автоматически определиться в Arduino IDE (для этого выпущена новая версия IDE). Скетч будет передан в AR9331 и Yún’s Linux произведет прошивку AVR микроконтроллера через SPI, выступая в роли AVR ISP программатора.

Сетевые возможности

Доступ к сети реализуются двумя отдельными интерфейсами:

• 10/100 Mbit/s Fast Ethernet
• IEEE 802.11 b/g/n 2.4GHz WiFi поддерживающий WEP, WPA и WPA2

WiFi интерфейс также может работать в режиме точки доступа (Access point). В режиме точки доступа другие WiFi устройства могут подключаться напрямую к Arduino Yún, однако, к сожалению, в этом режиме подключение к интернету невозможно, несмотря на наличие еще одного сетевого интерфейса.
Для упрощения работы с популярными интернет сервисами было заключено партнерство с Temboo и добавлением одноименной библиотеки в Arduino SDK. Данный ресурс упрощает доступ к сотням популярных веб сервисов выступая как прокси.

Питание

Linux

В качестве операционной системы на SoC Atheros AR9331 используется OpenWRT дистрибутив Linino. 16МБ flash-памяти содержат Linux образ, полноценный python и менеджер пакетов. 64МБ DDR2 должны позволять выполнять ресурсоёмкие задачи, такие как запуск web-сервера или вещание видео с web камеры. При необходимости встроенные 16МБ памяти могут быть расширены за счет использования SD карты или USB Flash. Для этого надо всего лишь в корне карты или флешки создать папку arduino и она автоматически определится при подключении.

USB Host

Arduino Yún имеет USB порт, подключенный к SoC AR9331. К нему можно подключать различную периферию: web камеры, устройства хранения данных, различный устройства ввода прочие устройства, драйвера к которым присутствуют в Linino. Также есть возможность установки драйверов для специфических устройств. Данный USB порт на прямую не доступен из Arduino скетчей.

Цена

Небольшая презентация

Заключение

Устройство в первую очередь должно понравится поклонникам Arduino. И даже несмотря на довольно серьезных конкурентов (Raspberry Pi, virt2real) думаю Arduino Yún ждет успех.

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