Check available memory in linux

How to check RAM size?

-m , —mebi Display the amount of memory in mebibytes.

—mega Display the amount of memory in megabytes. Implies —si .

free -h will output it in human-readable output (usually GiB: Gibibytes—base 1024). But, since RAM is usually sold in GB (Gigabytes—base 1000), NOT GiB (Gibibytes), free -h —si is usually better, as @Jollywatt says, to output it in Gigabytes instead.

Open a terminal ( CTRL + ALT + T ).

Run following command to see RAM information in KB (1 KB is equal to 1024 bytes).

Run following command to see RAM information in MB (1 MB is equal to 1024 KB).

Run following command to see RAM information in GB (1 GB is equal to 1024 MB).

Or you can run following command to see more information about the same:

free -h seems most helpful to me. «all output fields automatically scaled to shortest three digit unit»

Click on the power/gear icon (System Menu) in the top right corner of the screen and choose About This Computer. You will see the total available memory in GiB. Multiply the value by 1024 to get the size in MiB.

This value (and the value shown as Total in output of free -m on the console), is total physical RAM size, minus the amount assigned to the internal GPU, if your computer has one.

To see the total amount of physical RAM installed, you can run sudo lshw -c memory which will show you each individual bank of RAM you have installed, as well as the total size for the System Memory. This will likely presented as GiB value, which you can again multiply by 1024 to get the MiB value.

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How to Check Memory Usage in Linux, 5 Simple Commands

It is essential that your Linux system runs at an optimal level. A few simple terminal commands provide access to all relevant information and help you monitor memory statistics.

In this tutorial, learn five powerful commands to check memory usage in Linux.

We also provide detailed explanations of what they do and more importantly, how to interpret the results. The commands will work with nearly all Linux distributions. In this instance, the commands and the results are presented using Ubuntu 18.04.

• Access to a command line / terminal
• User with sudo privileges
• The apt package manager

Commands to Check Memory Use in Linux

cat Command to Show Linux Memory Information

Entering cat /proc/meminfo in your terminal opens the /proc/meminfo file.

This is a virtual file that reports the amount of available and used memory. It contains real-time information about the system’s memory usage as well as the buffers and shared memory used by the kernel. The output might differ slightly based on the architecture and operating system in question.

This is an example of what the /proc/meminfo file looks like in Ubuntu 18.04:

The terminal displays the information in kilobytes.

free Command to Display the Amount of Physical and Swap Memory

Typing free in your command terminal provides the following result:

The data represents the used/available memory and the swap memory figures in kilobytes.

total	Total installed memory
used	Memory currently in use by running processes (used= total – free – buff/cache)
free	Unused memory (free= total – used – buff/cache)
shared	Memory shared by multiple processes
buffers	Memory reserved by the OS to allocate as buffers when process need them
cached	Recently used files stored in RAM
buff/cache	Buffers + Cache
available	Estimation of how much memory is available for starting new applications, without swapping.

Compared to the /proc/meminfo file, the free command provides less information. However, it is easier to understand. The key figure being the available value as it displays how much memory is still available for running new applications.

The free command has multiple options to format the output so that it better matches your requirements. The table below lists the most useful variations of the free command.

Options	Result
-b	output in bytes
-k	output in kibibytes
-m	output in mebibytes
-g	output in gibibytes
-l	detailed low and high memory statistics
-o	old format (no -/+buffers/cache line)
-t	total for RAM + swap
-s	update every [delay] seconds
-c	update [count] times

Note: As with most commands, entering man free displays an overview of all variations and descriptions of the results.

vmstat Command to Report Virtual Memory Statistics

The vmstat command is a useful tool that reports virtual memory statistics.

vmstat provides general information about processes, memory, paging, block IO, traps, and CPU activity.

The detailed description listed below provides an explanation for each value in case you need assistance in analyzing the results.

• Procs
  • r: number of processes waiting for run time.
  • b: number of processes in uninterruptible sleep.
  • swpd: amount of virtual memory used.
  • free: amount of idle memory.
  • buff: the amount of memory used as buffers.
  • cache: amount of memory used as cache.
  • si: memory swapped in from disk (/s).
  • so: memory swapped to disk (/s).
  • bi: Blocks received from a block device (blocks/s).
  • bo: Blocks sent to a block device (blocks/s).
  • in: number of interrupts per second, including the clock.
  • cs: number of context switches per second.
  • us: Time spent running non-kernel code. (user time, including nice time)
  • sy: Time spent running kernel code. (system time)
  • id: Time spent idle. Before Linux 2.5.41, this includes IO-wait time.
  • wa: Time spent waiting for IO. Before Linux 2.5.41, included in idle.
  • st: Time stolen from a virtual machine. Before Linux 2.6.11, unknown.

  top Command to Check Memory Use

  The top command is useful to check memory and CPU usage per process. It displays information about:

  • uptime
  • average load
  • tasks running
  • number of users logged in
  • number of CPUs/CPU utilization
  • memory/swap system processes

  The data is continuously updated, which allows you to follow the processes in real-time.

  

  Aside from providing you with essential memory information, the top command provides a limited interactive interface. It is possible to manipulate and configure operations by using command-line options.

  The man command in Linux man top provides a comprehensive list of all available variations.

  htop Command to Find Memory Load of Each Process

  The information the htop command provides is similar to the top command. However, the real advantage to the htop command is its user-friendly environment and improved controls.

  The command uses color for its output, provides full command lines for processes, as well as the option to scroll both vertically and horizontally.

  The following output appears:

  

  1. The top segment provides summary information and contains graphic meters and text counters.
  2. The lower section structures the detailed data, per process. This allows you to perform actions on individual processes with ease.
  3. The shortcuts listed at the bottom of the screen will enable you to manipulate and customize the processes quickly and without the need to type specific commands.

  Note: If you run into “Command ‘htop’ not found” message when trying to run the htop command, you will need to install the htop function first:

  As an alternative, use the command below:

  Checking Memory Usage in Linux using the GUI

  Using a graphical interface for server administration is not common practice. However, certain data sets are much clearer, with a visual representation of memory usage.

  To access the System Monitor:

  1. Navigate to Show Applications.
  2. Enter System Monitor in the search bar and access the application.
  3. Select the Resources tab.
  4. A graphical overview of your memory consumption in real time, including historical information is displayed.

  

  This guide provided several options to check memory usage on your Linux system. We learned that a single command provides an abundance of valuable data for future analysis. Learning to interpret the information correctly is critical.

  Now you can administer your server more efficiently.

  Vladimir is a resident Tech Writer at phoenixNAP. He has more than 7 years of experience in implementing e-commerce and online payment solutions with various global IT services providers. His articles aim to instill a passion for innovative technologies in others by providing practical advice and using an engaging writing style.

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  5 Ways to Check Available Memory in Ubuntu 22.04

  

  As Ubuntu users, especially administrators, we need to check how much RAM resources our system uses and how much is free. We also know that most administrative tasks are better done from the Linux command line than from the graphical user interface. For example, servers usually work on the shell, with no graphical user interface. Since controlling the memory resources on servers is most important, it is best to learn the appropriate commands to help us manage servers.

  In this article, we will explain how you can check the available memory using the following five commands:

  1. free command
  2. vmstat command
  3. /proc/meminfo command
  4. top command
  5. htop command

  With these commands, you can always be sure that there are enough memory resources for the very important processes on your servers. For example, if you are running a web server, you can be sure that a lack of resources will not slow down access to the website or even crash the website.

  We ran the commands and procedures mentioned in this article on an Ubuntu 22.04 LTS system.

  We use the Ubuntu command line and Terminal application to view memory usage. You can open Terminal using the system dash or the Ctrl+alt+T key combination.

  Method 1: The free command

  Since the free command is the most widely used and, without any doubt, the most helpful, we will mention its usage first. This command is used to check information about the RAM usage by your system. Here is the command you will enter in the Terminal:

  The m flag means that the information will be displayed in MBs.

  

  The available column indicates the available memory. The used column in the swap entry is also 0 which means that it is all unused and thus free.

  Method 2: The vmstat command

  To view memory statistics through the vmstat command, you can use it in the following manner:

  The s flag provides detailed statistics about memory usage.

  

  You can view the free memory and the free swap memory entry in the output, indicating the available memory in your system.

  Method 3: The /proc/meminfo command

  The following command extracts memory-related information from the /proc file system. These files contain dynamic information about the system and the kernel rather than the real system files.

  This is the command you will use to print memory information:

  

  The output of this command is similar to the vmstat command. You can easily view the free memory in the MemFree result and the free swap memory in the SwapFree result.

  Method 4: The top command

  The top command is used to print CPU and memory usage of your system. You can use this command as follows:

  

  In the output header, you can see the KiB Mem and Kib Swap entries through which you can check the used and free memory resources.

  Method 5: The htop command

  Like the top command, the htop command also gives a detailed analysis of your CPU and memory usage. If you do not have installed htop on your system, you can install it by first updating your abt repositories through the following command:

  And then install htop by entering the following command as sudo:

  

  Once htop is installed, you can use the following command to print the required information:

  

  The Mem (Memory aka RAM) and Swp (Swap) entries in the header indicate the used and total memory through which you can calculate the free memory available on your system.

  With the commands that we have mentioned in this article, you can monitor that your system processes are never out of memory. You can avoid the GUI altogether and still keep a check on memory usage on your personal computers and servers.

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