Cisco packet tracer как соединить маршрутизаторы
В статьях этого блога мы уже обсуждали с вами принципы создания vlan на коммутаторах фирмы Cisco , но, к сожалению, у нас пока никак не доходили руки разобрать вопросы маршрутизации между различными vlan -ами. Сегодня мы исправим эту оплошность и разберем один из методов такой маршрутизации, называемый «маршрутизатор на привязи».
Как бы это не было прискорбно, но осуществить маршрутизацию между vlan не получится только с помощью средств самого коммутатора (в данном случае имеется ввиду коммутатор уровня 2), для этих целей придется использовать дополнительное устройство – уже знакомый нам маршрутизатор. Как мы помним, маршрутизатор может осуществлять маршрутизацию пакетов между сетями, подключенными к его различным интерфейсам. Но кроме этого маршрутизатор так же умеет выполнять маршрутизацию между vlan -ами, подведенными всего лишь к одному его физическому интерфейсу. Принцип данной маршрутизации проиллюстрирован на рисунке:
Данный способ маршрутизации обычно называют «Маршрутизатор на привязи», так как маршрутизатор получается как бы привязанным одним линком к коммутатору.
Давайте попробуем посмотреть как необходимо сконфигурировать коммутатор и маршрутизатор фирмы Cisco для реализации данной схемы. Для этого в Packet Tracer соберем следующую схемку (порты подключения всех устройств соответствуют первому рисунку):
Компьютеру P С0 зададим IP адрес 192.168.1.2, маску 255.255.255.0 и основной шлюз 192.168.1.1. Компьютеру P С 1 зададим IP адрес 10.10.10.2 , маску 255. 0 . 0 .0 и основной шлюз 10.10.10.1 .
How to connect two routers in a Cisco packet tracer
While designing a network in the packet tracer, we must know the basics of network devices so that we can configure them easily and as per our requirements.
Connecting two routers is not hard however configuration varies according to the setup and the technology used in the connection.
We can connect two Cisco routers using various types of available connections on the router so both routers should have the same connection available to establish the connection.
The following type of connection can be configured to connect routers.
An Ethernet connection can be established using the Ethernet cable which connects to the RJ45 connector on the routers.
We have to use a crossover cable for the connection between two routers when connecting the routers using an Ethernet port. Using the other cable will not work.
Fast Ethernet
Fast Ethernet connection can be established using the Ethernet cable or fiber optic cable however fiber optic cable uses different types of connectors. We must use a crossover cable in this connection as well.
Gigabit Ethernet
A Gigabit Ethernet connection can be established using both Ethernet and fiber optic cable. Again, a crossover cable must be selected to connect the routers.
The serial connection can also be used to connect two routers in which we have to configure the DTE side of the router while the DCE interface will be configured by the service provider however in packet tracer; we have to configure both sides.
Once we have connected the router with the correct port and cable then we can bring up the connection, we have to configure the IP addresses on the connected interfaces.
To bring up the connection between routers, we have to follow two steps
The IP address assigned to the router should be from the same subnet and after assigning the IP address, we have to bring the interface up using the ‘no shutdown’ command.
By default, interfaces of routers are administratively down.
While configuring the serial connection, we must also enable the clocking on the DCE side as this is required for the serial connection.
If we have connected the routers via serial connection then make sure that both routers are using the same language or protocol as a mismatch of the protocol will not let the line come online.
If we are facing any issue with the connection then we must make sure that the basic configuration is correct.
Configure A Router With Packet Tracer
Computer networking professionals getting started with Packet Tracer may find the interface to be flustered. Being a development program, this is only natural. However, learning how to configure a router with Packet Tracer will put professionals on the right track to mastering the program in about half an hour.
By this time, you should already have the Packet Tracer download and have it installed on your computer. Open the program and select the router from the lower left-hand corner, and drag it into the center of the sandbox screen as seen below. (Click for larger picture)
We will be setting up a very basic network that allows two computers to communicate, so the next step is to select end devices from the bottom left-hand corner and drag it to the sandbox screen. Do this twice to make two computers appear below the router.
Now select connections from the same bottom left-hand corner. When you connect like-devices(Such as a router and computer) you use a crossover cable, so you should select copper cross-over cable from the second menu to the immediate right. Click on Router0, and connect the cable via FastEthernet0/0 as seen below:
Now click the PC0 and select FastEthernet. You will notice that although a link is established, it is not functional. You can tell by the red dots that are present on both ends of the connection. Once the router is configured correctly, the red dots will turn green to indicate the devices are able to communicate.
Do the same operation to PC1, only this time connect the cable to FastEthernet0/1 since FastEthernet0/0 is already taken by PC0. Your network should be similar to the one below at this point:
Configuring The Router In Packet Tracer
A router that is turned off doesn’t work very well! Click on your router to bring up the configuration menu and verify that it is turned on.When on, there will be a small green light below the switch as seen in the diagram.
Next we have to open the Ethernet ports to allow communication. Although they are physically connected, they are in a state that is known as being in administrative shut down. Now click on the CLI tab to access the configuration menu. If you’ve used the Cisco IOS before, you will notice it looks and acts the same way.
1. Press RETURN to start the session
2. Type enable to get to privileged mode (this gives you more options in configuring the router)
3. Type config terminal (or config t for short) to access the configuration menu.
4. Type interface fastethernet0/0 to access Ethernet0/0
5. Type ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0 to assign an IP address and subnet mask to the interface.
6. Type no shutdown to open the interface up for business.
That’s it! You should now see a message similar to the following:
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
Now we have to do the same thing for fastethernet0/1. If you don’t, there still won’t be a connection to PC1! Make sure to enter the IP address carefully as seen below:
1. Press Ctrl + Z to go back to the previous mode.
1. Type interface fastethernet0/1
2. Type ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0
3. Type no shutdown
At this point our router is configured properly. If you test out a ping, you will notice that the computers still don’t communicate, however!
Configuring The Gateway In Packet Tracer
Our last step is to configure the gateway on each desktop computer. The gateway is the address we assigned to the Ethernet port that the desktop is connected to. It will allow the computer to interface with another network, so our ping won’t work without it!
Click on PC0 to bring up the configuration menu. Under global settings you will find a field for the gateway. Enter the corresponding IP address of the router’s interface, which is 192.168.10.1. Then click the FastEthernet tab on the left column to set the actual computer’s IP address to be on the network. Use 192.168.10.2 for the IP address, and 255.255.255.0 for the subnet mask.
Do the same thing for PC1, only use 192.168.20.1 for the gateway address, 192.168.20.2 for the IP address, and 255.255.255.0 for the subnet mask. You can confirm that your network works by sending out a packet of information from PC0 to PC1, and vice versa. Click the packet icon on the right menu as seen below:
Click on PC0 and then click PC1. On the lower right of the screen you will see a message box that says “Successful.” If it doesn’t, you may have had a syntax error when putting in an IP address or router configuration command. Review your work or ask for help among the community if you are stuck.
Closing Comments
Congratulations! You have a small working network. A real-world application of this very network would be to have two computers connected to the Internet, whereas the router would then be connected to your telecommunications company. (Or what we would call the “cloud”)
More advanced devices and topologies won’t be so easy, but you’re now on the right path to becoming qualified for the CCNA certification exam.