Графический интерфейс kde linux

Как установить графический интерфейс KDE Plasma 5 в CentOS 8 Linux

KDE Plasma — это среда рабочего стола для Linux, предлагаемая командой разработчиков KDE. Она довольно популярна благодаря эффектам и красивым графическим элементам, а также огромному количеству приложений. Ранее Plasma была графическим пользовательским интерфейсом по умолчанию в CentOS, но в CentOS 8 она была перенесена на GNOME. Поэтому поклонники Kde Plasma скучают по нему и хотят вернуть его в свою операционную систему. В этом руководстве мы покажем шаги, как легко установить его на CentOS 8 Stream.

Шаги по установке графического интерфейса рабочего пространства KDE Plasma в CentOS 8

На самом деле, почему мы должны создать это руководство, потому что это красивое окружение рабочего стола Linux больше не доступно в официальном репозитории CentOS 8 или RHEL 8. Поэтому нам нужно добавить репозиторий EPEL, и тогда только мы сможем получить рабочий стол Plasma. Мы проводили это руководство на сервере CentOS 8 без GUI интерфейса, то есть оно работало на CLI. Однако вы можете использовать эту команду и в GNOME под управлением CentOS Linux.

1. Добавьте репозиторий EPEL

Первое, что нам нужно, это репозиторий epel, который содержит сотни актуальных пакетов, недоступных в официальном репозитории этой системы Linux.

Установите репозиторий EPEL на CentOS 8 Linux

sudo dnf install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm

Для получения последней версии Kde Plasma — установите дополнительно репозиторий raven-release

2. Обновите систему

После добавления репозитория нам необходимо очистить кэш и восстановить его заново с помощью команды update. Она также обновит все доступные пакеты в системе.

3. Установка рабочего стола KDE Plasma на CentOS 8

Репозиторий установлен, и теперь пришло время выполнить команду, которая включит Power Tools на CentOS вместе с установкой Plasma 5 Desktop с базой X.

sudo dnf group -y install "KDE Plasma Workspaces" "base-x"

4. Запуск KDE

Для пользователей CLI — если вы хотите непосредственно запустить и протестировать установленный графический интерфейс пользователя, просто выполните команду.

echo "exec /usr/bin/startkde" >> ~/.xinitrc startx

Но проблема в том, что при загрузке сервера или рабочего стола без графического интерфейса пользователя, чтобы получить графический интерфейс KDE, необходимо сначала войти в систему, а затем выполнить команду: startx. Хорошо, что мы можем устранить эту проблему, выполнив следующие шаги.

(необязательно) Для GUI. Если вы уже используете версию GNOME и хотите войти в систему как KDE. Просто выйдите из системы или перезагрузите ее и выберите установленный значок шестеренки для переключения среды рабочего стола.

5. Установите целевую систему по умолчанию

Этот и последующие шаги предназначены специально для тех, кто изначально использует интерфейс командной строки, а затем установил поверх него KDE. Поэтому было бы здорово, если бы вы установили загрузку серверной системы по умолчанию в CLI на GUI. Таким образом, каждый раз при загрузке вы будете загружаться только в GUI.

sudo systemctl set-default graphical.target ll /etc/systemd/system/default.target sudo systemctl enable sddm

Если у вас пустой экран, то на экране входа в KDE нажмите Ctrl+Alt+F2, а затем введите: startx

Примечание= Если вы не получаете GUI даже после входа в Терминал bash, то отредактируйте профиль bash и добавьте строку, приведенную ниже.

Добавьте эту строку в конец

if [[ -z $DISPLAY ]] && [[ $(tty) = /dev/tty1 ]]; then exec startx /usr/bin/startkde; fi

Чтобы сохранить файл — Ctrl+X, введите Y и нажмите клавишу Enter.

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Plasma

Use KDE software to surf the web, keep in touch with colleagues, friends and family, manage your files, enjoy music and videos; and get creative and productive at work. The KDE community develops and maintains more than 200 applications which run on any Linux desktop, and often other platforms too.

Krita

Get creative and draw beautiful artwork with Krita. A professional grade painting application.

Kdenlive

Kdenlive allows you to edit your videos and add special effects and transitions.

Kontact

Handle all your emails, calendars and contacts within a single window with Kontact.

Kdevelop

KDevelop is a cross-platform IDE for C, C++, Python, QML/JavaScript and PHP

GCompris

GCompris is a high quality educational software suite, including a large number of activities for children aged 2 to 10.

Devices

Buy a computer with Plasma preinstalled

Steam Deck

The Steam Deck is a portable console that runs the latest AAA games with the flexibility of a full PC.

Pinebook Pro

The Pinebook Pro is an affordable ARM powered laptop. It is modular and hackable in a way that only an Open Source project can be.

KDE Slimbook

The Slimbook is a shiny, sleek and good looking laptop that can do any task thanks to its powerful AMD Ryzen processor.

KFocus

The Kubuntu Focus laptop is a high-powered, workflow-focused laptop which ships with Kubuntu installed.

Other hardware manufacturers are selling devices with Plasma. See all devices

Announcements

KDE Ships Frameworks 5.108.0

KDE Gear 23.04.3

KDE Plasma 5.27.6, Bugfix Release for June

KDE Ships Frameworks 5.107.0

KDE Eco

Join the sustainable software movement

Software has a direct affect on energy and resource consumption. KDE has the goal of providing software which does this in a way that reduces software’s environmental impact.

Let’s make energy efficient software and digital sustainability part of our community. We can live up to our responsibility for this and future generations!

KDE Eco Handbook

The handbook «Applying The Blue Angel Criteria To Free Software» gives an overview of the environmental harm driven by software and how the Blue Angel ecolabel — the official environmental label of the German government — provides a benchmark for sustainable software design. Learn how Free Software’s values of transparency and user autonomy foster sustainability, as well as how to set up a dedicated lab to measure your software’s energy consumption!

The KDE Community

An international team developing and distributing Open Source software.

Our community has developed a wide variety of applications for communication, work, education and entertainment. We have a strong focus on finding innovative solutions to old and new problems, creating a vibrant, open atmosphere for experimentation.

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Plasma is a Desktop

Use Plasma to surf the web; keep in touch with colleagues, friends and family; manage your files, enjoy music and videos; and get creative and productive at work. Do it all in a beautiful environment that adapts to your needs, and with the safety, privacy-protection and peace of mind that the best Free Open Source Software has to offer.

Latest Release: Plasma 5.27

Plasma 5.27 is out and brings massive improvements to the desktop and all its tools. Another work of love from the KDE devs and contributors.

Simple by default

The Plasma Launcher lets you quickly and easily launch applications, but it can do much more — convenient tasks like bookmarking applications, searching for documents as you type, or navigating to common places help you get straight to the point. With a history of recently started programs and opened files, you can return to where you left off. It even remembers previously entered search terms so you don’t have to.

Connect to your Wi-Fi network; change the volume; switch to the next song or pause a video; access an external device; change the screen layout. All these and a lot more—directly from the system tray. To conserve the focus on what you’re currently doing, any icon can be hidden if you like. Inactive icons hide themselves unless you tell them to stay where they are.

See active tasks and recent actions; read new e-mails; quickly reply to messages; see track changes or low battery notice; check for updates; interact with recently moved files or screenshots. Or enter «Do Not Disturb» mode to concentrate on your work.

Discover lets you manage the applications installed in your computer. Updating, removing or installing an application is only one click away. Supports Flatpak, Snaps and the applications available in your Linux distribution.

Powerful when needed

Plasma is made to stay out of the way as it helps you get things done. But under its light and intuitive surface, it’s a powerhouse. So you’re free to choose ways of usage right as you need them and when you need them.

KRunner is the launcher built into the Plasma desktop. While its basic function is to launch programs from a sort of mini-command-line, its functionality can be extended by «runners» to assist the user to accomplish a lot of tasks. From opening folders and files to calculations and currency conversions or even controlling your music player application — there are so many things right at your fingertips.

Your Plasma desktop is very flexible and can be configured just how you like it using the System Settings app. Easily manage hardware, software, and workspaces all in one place: Keyboard, Printer, Languages, Desktop Themes, Fonts, Networks.

Krita is an application used by many artists that gives to everyone the opportunity to draw concept art, textures, matte paintings, illustrations and comics. Kdenlive is a professional tool that enables everyone to do non-linear video editing. DigiKam is an advanced open-source digital photo management application that provides a comprehensive set of tools for importing, managing, editing, and sharing photos and raw files.

Customizable

With Plasma the user is king. Not happy with the color scheme? Change it! Want to have your panel on the left edge of the screen? Move it! Don’t like the font? Use a different one! Download custom widgets in one click and add them to your desktop or panel.

Add widgets to your desktop or panels; move, rotate or resize them; download custom widgets made by the community in one click.

Take complete control over your panels by moving and resizing them, adding new ones, changing the position of widgets within a panel or even adding new widgets to them.

KDE has a vast community of people who create application themes, color schemes, widgets, and extensions — all for free! You can browse their creations in the KDE Store or download them directly from the relevant page in System Settings.

KDE Connect

Send your vacation pictures; see what music is currently playing on your computer; move your mouse cursor during a presentation; poweroff your computer remotely before going to bed. All these from your Android device.

See what’s playing on your computer, be it music, videos or YouTube; Pause, play or skip to the next track all from your phone.

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