Green files in linux

What do the different colors mean in ls?

What do the different colours in Ubuntu’s ls command mean? For example, when I type the ls command in one of my folders, I get one of the files in light green, the other (which is a folder) in blue with green highlighting. What do those colours mean, and there is any manual about all the colours?

5 Answers 5

• Blue: Directory
• Green: Executable or recognized data file
• Cyan (Sky Blue): Symbolic link file
• Yellow with black background: Device
• Magenta (Pink): Graphic image file
• Red: Archive file
• Red with black background: Broken link

To turn the color off, you have to comment out the following lines in .bashrc .

# enable color support of ls and also add handy aliases #if [ -x /usr/bin/dircolors ]; then # test -r ~/.dircolors && eval "$(dircolors -b ~/.dircolors)" || eval "$(dircolors -b)" # alias ls='ls --color=auto' # #alias dir='dir --color=auto' # #alias vdir='vdir --color=auto' # # alias grep='grep --color=auto' # alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto' # alias egrep='egrep --color=auto' #fi 

eval $(echo "no:global default;fi:normal file;di:directory;ln:symbolic link;pi:named pipe;so:socket;do:door;bd:block device;cd:character device;or:orphan symlink;mi:missing file;su:set uid;sg:set gid;tw:sticky other writable;ow:other writable;st:sticky;ex:executable;"|sed -e 's/:/="/g; s/\;/"\n/g') < IFS=: for i in $LS_COLORS do echo -e "\e[$m$( x=$; [ "$" ] && echo "$" || echo "$x" )\e[m" done > 

You can find out what colours ls uses by looking at the $LS_COLORS variable:

• Turquoise: audio files 1
• Bright Red: Archives and compressed files 2
• Purple: images and videos 3

In addition, files are colourised by attributes:

1. aac, au, flac, mid, midi, mka, mp3, mpc, ogg, ra, wav, axa, oga, spx, xspf.
2. tar, tgz, arj, taz, lzh, lzma, tlz, txz, zip, z, Z, dz, gz, lz, xz, bz2, bz, tbz, tbz2, tz, deb, rpm, jar, rar, ace, zoo, cpio, 7z, rz.
3. jpg, jpeg, gif, bmp, pbm, pgm, ppm, tga, xbm, xpm, tif, tiff, png, svg, svgz, mng, pcx, mov, mpg, mpeg, m2v, mkv, ogm, mp4, m4v, mp4v, vob, qt, nuv, wmv, asf, rm, rmvb, flc, avi, fli, flv, gl, dl, xcf, xwd, yuv, cgm, emf, axv, anx, ogv, ogx.

All this information is contained in the output of dircolors —print-database , but its formatting is rather unreadable.

Here’s a technical explanation of what’s happening:

The colour code consists of three parts:

• The first part before the semicolon represents the text style.
  • 00=none, 01=bold, 04=underscore, 05=blink, 07=reverse, 08=concealed.
  • 30=black, 31=red, 32=green, 33=yellow, 34=blue, 35=magenta, 36=cyan, 37=white.

  Each part can be omitted, assuming starting on the left. i.e. «01» means bold, «01;31» means bold and red. And you would get your terminal to print in colour by escaping the instruction with \33[ and ending it with an m . 33, or 1B in hexadecimal, is the ASCII sign «ESCAPE» (a special character in the ASCII character set). Example:

  Prints «Hello World» in bright red.

  The command ls with the argument —color=auto (on Ubuntu, ls is an alias for ls —color=auto ) goes through all the file names and tries first to match different types, like Executable, Pipe and so on. It then tries to match regular expressions like *.wav and prints the resulting filename, enclosed in these colour-changing instructions for bash.

  Thanks! I was looking at a Git topology visualization question and wondered why some of the characters were being printed.

  Full list, with the default setup

  • Uncolored (white):
    • file
    • non-filename text (e.g. permissions in the output of ls -l )
    • multi-hardlink file
    • image file, video, graphic, etc.
    • door
    • socket
    • block device
    • character device
    • orphan symlink
    • missing file

    Note that bold red looks orange, black looks dark grey, cyan looks blue/green, and bold magenta looks purple/pink/lavender.

    Script to show colors

    #!/bin/bash # For each entry in LS_COLORS, print the type, and description if available, # in the relevant color. # If two adjacent colors are the same, keep them on one line. declare -A descriptions=( [bd]="block device" [ca]="file with capability" [cd]="character device" [di]="directory" [do]="door" [ex]="executable file" [fi]="regular file" [ln]="symbolic link" [mh]="multi-hardlink" [mi]="missing file" [no]="normal non-filename text" [or]="orphan symlink" [ow]="other-writable directory" [pi]="named pipe, AKA FIFO" [rs]="reset to no color" [sg]="set-group-ID" [so]="socket" [st]="sticky directory" [su]="set-user-ID" [tw]="sticky and other-writable directory" ) IFS=: for ls_color in $LS_COLORS; do color="$" type="$" # Add description for named types. desc="$" # Separate each color with a newline. if [[ $color_prev ]] && [[ $color != "$color_prev" ]]; then echo fi printf "\e[%sm%s%s\e[m " "$color" "$type" "$" # For next loop color_prev="$color" done echo 

    Output with default setup:

    

    

    I got the descriptions from dircolors -p and man dir_colors , and filled in the gaps with my own research.

    The colors and descriptions are the same from at least 14.04 to 17.10.

    @FredrickGauss Not explicitly, but «RESET» is the only one that can be abbreviated as «rs», and the color (0) matches.

    If you type dircolors ( echo $LS_COLORS also works) from command line you will get a list of codes and colors for lots of filetypes in 1 line. dircolors —print-database shows them 1 line at a time. Here is a short list (I tried to put in the most important ones). At the bottom there is an explanation about what the different codes at the end of each lines represents:

    NORMAL 00 # global default, although everything should be something. FILE 00 # normal file DIR 01;34 # directory LINK 01;36 # symbolic link. (If you set this to 'target' instead of a # numerical value, the color is as for the file pointed to.) FIFO 40;33 # pipe SOCK 01;35 # socket DOOR 01;35 # door BLK 40;33;01 # block device driver CHR 40;33;01 # character device driver ORPHAN 40;31;01 # symlink to nonexistent file, or non-stat'able file SETUID 37;41 # file that is setuid (u+s) SETGID 30;43 # file that is setgid (g+s) STICKY_OTHER_WRITABLE 30;42 # dir that is sticky and other-writable (+t,o+w) OTHER_WRITABLE 34;42 # dir that is other-writable (o+w) and not sticky STICKY 37;44 # dir with the sticky bit set (+t) and not other-writable # archives or compressed (bright red) .tar 01;31 .tgz 01;31 # image formats .jpg 01;35 .jpeg 01;35 .gif 01;35 .bmp 01;35 # audio formats .aac 00;36 .flac 00;36 .ogg 00;36

    • Attribute codes: 00=none 01=bold 04=underscore 05=blink 07=reverse 08=concealed
    • Text color codes: 30=black 31=red 32=green 33=yellow 34=blue 35=magenta 36=cyan 37=white
    • Background color codes: 40=black 41=red 42=green 43=yellow 44=blue 45=magenta 46=cyan 47=white

    If you want to play around with this here is an example on how to set a color for a file:

    export LS_COLORS=$LS_COLORS:"*.ogg=01;35":"*.mp3=01;35" 

    This will set *.ogg and .mp3 to bold magenta . And if you put it in your .bashrc file it will become permanent.

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    Thread: ls -> green colored .txt files

    A Carafe of Ubuntu

    ls -> green colored .txt files

    When I type the command ls in the command line, the file names of certain text files are displayed in green. What does this mean?

    What are you planning?

    Re: ls -> green colored .txt files

    It means they have execute permissions.

    You can verify that by running:

    Permissions can be altered by using chmod:

    Tomorrow’s an illusion and yesterday’s a dream, today is a solution.

    Expired admin

    Re: ls -> green colored .txt files

    Those look like executable files (scripts?).

    Oops — outtyped by CharlesA again.

    Quad Shot of Ubuntu

    Join Date Jan 2009 Location Belgium (Ghent) Beans 481 —> Beans 481 Distro Ubuntu 13.10 Saucy Salamander

    Re: ls -> green colored .txt files

    Dutch speaking; understand English, writing is a bit difficult. Member of: http://forum.ubuntu-nl.org
    be Open be Free be Ubuntu Reg. User #485479
    Ubuntu 13.10 Saucy Salamander — Ubuntu 14.04 Trusty Tahr

    A Carafe of Ubuntu

    Re: ls -> green colored .txt files

    Thanks for the information guys.

    I found that indeed the .txt files were executable. I tried to change that using the following command:

    However it did not work, the permissions stayed -rwx——. When I moved the file to another directory however, the same command did work. What could be going on?

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