How to connect to mssql linux

Quickstart: Install SQL Server and create a database on Red Hat

In this quickstart, you install SQL Server 2017 (14.x) on Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 8.x. Then you can connect with sqlcmd to create your first database and run queries.

For more information on supported platforms, see Release notes for SQL Server 2017 on Linux.

In this quickstart, you install SQL Server 2019 (15.x) on Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 8.x. Then you can connect with sqlcmd to create your first database and run queries.

For more information on supported platforms, see Release notes for SQL Server 2019 on Linux.

In this quickstart, you install SQL Server 2022 (16.x) on Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 8.x. Then you can connect with sqlcmd to create your first database and run queries.

For more information on supported platforms, see Release notes for SQL Server 2022 (16.x) on Linux.

This tutorial requires user input and an internet connection. If you are interested in the unattended or offline installation procedures, see Installation guidance for SQL Server on Linux. If you choose to have a pre-installed SQL Server VM on RHEL ready to run your production-based workload, then please follow the best practices for creating the SQL Server VM.

Azure Marketplace images

You can create your VM based on the following Azure Marketplace image:

When you use the above marketplace image, you avoid the installation step, and can directly configure the instance by providing the SKU and the sa password needed to get started with SQL Server. SQL Server Azure VMs deployed on RHEL using the above Marketplace images, are fully supported by both Microsoft and Red Hat.

You can configure SQL Server on Linux with mssql-conf, using the following command:

sudo /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf setup 

Prerequisites

You must have a RHEL 8.x machine with at least 2 GB of memory.

To install Red Hat Enterprise Linux on your own machine, go to https://access.redhat.com/products/red-hat-enterprise-linux/evaluation. You can also create RHEL virtual machines in Azure. See Create and Manage Linux VMs with the Azure CLI, and use —image RHEL in the call to az vm create .

If you’ve previously installed a Community Technology Preview (CTP) or Release Candidate (RC) of SQL Server, you must first remove the old repository before following these steps. For more information, see Configure Linux repositories for SQL Server.

Install SQL Server

The following commands for installing SQL Server point to the RHEL 8 repository. RHEL 8 doesn’t come preinstalled with python2 , which is required by SQL Server. Before you begin the SQL Server install steps, execute the command and verify that python2 is selected as the interpreter:

sudo alternatives --config python # If not configured, install python2 and openssl10 using the following commands: sudo yum install python2 sudo yum install compat-openssl10 # Configure python2 as the default interpreter using this command: sudo alternatives --config python 

For more information, see the following blog on installing python2 and configuring it as the default interpreter: https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/installing-microsoft-sql-server-red-hat-enterprise-linux-8-beta.

To configure SQL Server on RHEL, run the following commands in a terminal to install the mssql-server package:

Download the SQL Server 2017 (14.x) Red Hat repository configuration file:

sudo curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/mssql-server.repo https://packages.microsoft.com/config/rhel/8/mssql-server-2017.repo 

Tip If you want to install a different version of SQL Server, see the SQL Server 2019 (15.x) or SQL Server 2022 (16.x) versions of this article.

sudo yum install -y mssql-server 

sudo /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf setup 

systemctl status mssql-server 

sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=1433/tcp --permanent sudo firewall-cmd --reload 

At this point, SQL Server is running on your RHEL machine and is ready to use!

The following commands for installing SQL Server point to the RHEL 8 repository. RHEL 8 doesn’t come preinstalled with python2 , which is required by SQL Server. Before you begin the SQL Server install steps, execute the command and verify that python2 is selected as the interpreter:

sudo alternatives --config python # If not configured, install python2 and openssl10 using the following commands: sudo yum install python2 sudo yum install compat-openssl10 # Configure python2 as the default interpreter using this command: sudo alternatives --config python 

For more information, see the following blog on installing python2 and configuring it as the default interpreter: https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/installing-microsoft-sql-server-red-hat-enterprise-linux-8-beta.

To configure SQL Server on RHEL, run the following commands in a terminal to install the mssql-server package:

Download the SQL Server 2019 (15.x) Red Hat repository configuration file:

sudo curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/mssql-server.repo https://packages.microsoft.com/config/rhel/8/mssql-server-2019.repo 

Tip If you want to install a different version of SQL Server, see the SQL Server 2017 (14.x) or SQL Server 2022 (16.x) versions of this article.

sudo yum install -y mssql-server 

sudo /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf setup 

systemctl status mssql-server 

sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=1433/tcp --permanent sudo firewall-cmd --reload 

At this point, SQL Server is running on your RHEL machine and is ready to use!

The following commands for installing SQL Server point to the RHEL 8 repository.

To configure SQL Server on RHEL, run the following commands in a terminal to install the mssql-server package:

Download the SQL Server 2022 (16.x) Red Hat repository configuration file:

sudo curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/mssql-server.repo https://packages.microsoft.com/config/rhel/8/mssql-server-2022.repo 

Tip If you want to install a different version of SQL Server, see the SQL Server 2017 (14.x) or SQL Server 2019 (15.x) versions of this article.

sudo yum install -y mssql-server 

sudo /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf setup 

systemctl status mssql-server 

sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=1433/tcp --permanent sudo firewall-cmd --reload 

At this point, SQL Server is running on your RHEL machine and is ready to use!

Install the SQL Server command-line tools

To create a database, you need to connect with a tool that can run Transact-SQL statements on SQL Server. The following steps install the SQL Server command-line tools: sqlcmd and bcp.

Use the following steps to install the mssql-tools18 on Red Hat Enterprise Linux.

curl https://packages.microsoft.com/config/rhel/8/prod.repo > /etc/yum.repos.d/mssql-release.repo 

curl https://packages.microsoft.com/config/rhel/7/prod.repo > /etc/yum.repos.d/mssql-release.repo 

sudo yum remove mssql-tools unixODBC-utf16 unixODBC-utf16-devel 

sudo yum install -y mssql-tools18 unixodbc-dev 

sudo yum check-update sudo yum update mssql-tools18 

echo 'export PATH="$PATH:/opt/mssql-tools18/bin"' >> ~/.bash_profile 

To make sqlcmd and bcp accessible from the bash shell for interactive/non-login sessions, modify the PATH in the ~/.bashrc file with the following command:

echo 'export PATH="$PATH:/opt/mssql-tools18/bin"' >> ~/.bashrc source ~/.bashrc 

Connect locally

The following steps use sqlcmd to locally connect to your new SQL Server instance.

Run sqlcmd with parameters for your SQL Server name ( -S ), the user name ( -U ), and the password ( -P ). In this tutorial, you are connecting locally, so the server name is localhost . The user name is sa and the password is the one you provided for the SA account during setup.

sqlcmd -S localhost -U sa -P '' 

Note Newer versions of sqlcmd are secure by default. For more information about connection encryption, see sqlcmd utility for Windows, and Connecting with sqlcmd for Linux and macOS. If the connection doesn’t succeed, you can add the -No option to sqlcmd to specify that encryption is optional, not mandatory.

Create and query data

The following sections walk you through using sqlcmd to create a new database, add data, and run a simple query.

For more information about writing Transact-SQL statements and queries, see Tutorial: Writing Transact-SQL Statements.

Create a new database

The following steps create a new database named TestDB .

From the sqlcmd command prompt, paste the following Transact-SQL command to create a test database:

SELECT Name from sys.databases; 

Insert data

Next create a new table, dbo.Inventory , and insert two new rows.

From the sqlcmd command prompt, switch context to the new TestDB database:

CREATE TABLE dbo.Inventory ( id INT, name NVARCHAR(50), quantity INT, PRIMARY KEY (id) ); 

INSERT INTO dbo.Inventory VALUES (1, 'banana', 150); INSERT INTO dbo.Inventory VALUES (2, 'orange', 154); 

Select data

Now, run a query to return data from the dbo.Inventory table.

From the sqlcmd command prompt, enter a query that returns rows from the dbo.Inventory table where the quantity is greater than 152:

SELECT * FROM dbo.Inventory WHERE quantity > 152; 

Exit the sqlcmd command prompt

To end your sqlcmd session, type QUIT :

Performance best practices

After installing SQL Server on Linux, review the best practices for configuring Linux and SQL Server to improve performance for production scenarios. For more information, see Performance best practices and configuration guidelines for SQL Server on Linux.

Cross-platform data tools

In addition to sqlcmd, you can use the following cross-platform tools to manage SQL Server:

Tool	Description
Azure Data Studio	A cross-platform GUI database management utility.
Visual Studio Code	A cross-platform GUI code editor that run Transact-SQL statements with the mssql extension.
PowerShell Core	A cross-platform automation and configuration tool based on cmdlets.
mssql-cli	A cross-platform command-line interface for running Transact-SQL commands.

Connect from Windows

SQL Server tools on Windows connect to SQL Server instances on Linux in the same way they would connect to any remote SQL Server instance.

If you have a Windows machine that can connect to your Linux machine, try the same steps in this topic from a Windows command-prompt running sqlcmd. You must use the target Linux machine name or IP address rather than localhost , and make sure that TCP port 1433 is open on the SQL Server machine. If you have any problems connecting from Windows, see connection troubleshooting recommendations.

For other tools that run on Windows but connect to SQL Server on Linux, see:

Other deployment scenarios

For other installation scenarios, see the following resources:

• Upgrade: Learn how to upgrade an existing installation of SQL Server on Linux
• Uninstall: Uninstall SQL Server on Linux
• Unattended install: Learn how to script the installation without prompts
• Offline install: Learn how to manually download the packages for offline installation

For answers to frequently asked questions, see the SQL Server on Linux FAQ.

Next steps

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