How to define linux version

How can I tell what version of Linux I’m using?

Often times I will ssh into a new client’s box to make changes to their website configuration without knowing much about the server configuration. I have seen a few ways to get information about the system you’re using, but are there some standard commands to tell me what version of Unix/Linux I’m on and basic system information (like if it is a 64-bit system or not), and that sort of thing? Basically, if you just logged into a box and didn’t know anything about it, what things would you check out and what commands would you use to do it?

13 Answers 13

If I need to know what it is say Linux/Unix , 32/64 bit

This would give me almost all information that I need,

If I further need to know what release it is say (Centos 5.4, or 5.5 or 5.6) on a Linux box I would further check the file /etc/issue to see its release info ( or for Debian / Ubuntu /etc/lsb-release )

Alternative way is to use the lsb_release utility:

Or do a rpm -qa | grep centos-release or redhat-release for RHEL derived systems

In 2016 it does not seem like lsb_release works any longer with modern distros. I tested the command on Amazon Linux AMI release 2016.03 and CentOS Linux 7 and it was not found. It seems like ls cat /etc/os-release is the best solution currently with uname -a somewhat usable if a bit opaque (e.g. Amazon Linux AMI release 2016.03 vs. Linux ip-x-x-x-x 4.4.11-23.53.amzn1.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Jun 1 22:22:50 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux)

Use the following commands to get more details:

Add cat /proc/version and it covers every release I’ve found over the years. I’ve never seen a case where /proc/version wasn’t helpful, but I’ve seen cases where one or both of the above don’t help (can’t remember which but most likely embedded systems.)

There are a ton of answers but I’m looking for more generic. AFAI am concerned the following works on most of systems.

sh-4.4$ cat /etc/os-release NAME=Fedora VERSION="26 (Twenty Six)" ID=fedora VERSION_ID=26 PRETTY_NAME="Fedora 26 (Twenty Six)" ANSI_COLOR="0;34" CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:fedoraproject:fedora:26" HOME_URL="https://fedoraproject.org/" BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/" REDHAT_BUGZILLA_PRODUCT="Fedora" REDHAT_BUGZILLA_PRODUCT_VERSION=26 REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="Fedora" REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION=26 PRIVACY_POLICY_URL=https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Legal:PrivacyPolicy 

This will work on Linux distros that use systemd. For older versions of those distros that don’t use systemd, this won’t work (e.g. RHEL 6), and for distros that don’t use systemd at all this won’t work. The second most voted answer will cat this file anyway, so there’s no reason not to prefer that more general command.

Linux version 3.14.27-100.fc19.x86_64 (mockbuild@bkernel02.phx2.fedoraproject.org) (gcc version 4.8.3 20140911 (Red Hat 4.8.3-7) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Wed Dec 17 19:36:34 UTC 2014 

I believe this works for most distros, and provides a more concise answer than cat /etc/*release* and more complete answer than uname -a . However, use of /proc for things other than processes is now eschewed, so maybe it’ll disappear someday.

On Apline 3.10.4 this returned something unexpected: Linux version 4.19.76-linuxkit (root@d203b39a3d78) (gcc version 8.3.0 (Alpine 8.3.0)) #1 SMP Thu Oct 17 19:31:58 UTC 2019

@b01 Thanks for the input. At least it got the Alpine part correct. 😉 Where did 3.10.4 come from, uname -a ? It’s sad that there is no single correct answer!

I learned this while writing a tool that did a survey of connected systems which were embedded Linux running on various brands and models of storage servers. It was the only command I found that returned something useful in every case, and since then I’ve never seen it not be useful, even on BusyBox-based distros.

@JeffLearman I was using a Go Lang Alpine Docker image of 1.13-alpine-3.10 and wanted to know the bug release number. I ended up trying quite a few of these answers to see which worked and not.

You should look into the uname command.

I have to deal with a large parc of heterogenous machines. uname -a is usually my first reflex when I log in.

For the Alpine distribution:

To combine some ideas here:

cat /etc/*_version /etc/*-release && uname -a

Should get you want you need on any distribution.

To those who are searching for which version is alpine running inside docker, this command works and produces following output: cat: can’t open ‘/etc/*_version’: No such file or directory 3.14.2 NAME=»Alpine Linux» VERSION_ID=3.14.2 PRETTY_NAME=»Alpine Linux v3.14″ HOME_URL=»https://alpinelinux.org/» BUG_REPORT_URL=»https://bugs.alpinelinux.org/»

That’ll give you all the information you seek.

man uname to restrict the information

inxi is a System Information Tool for Linux. It displays handy information concerning system hardware (hard disk, sound cards, graphic card, network cards, CPU, RAM, and more), together with system information about drivers, Xorg, desktop environment, kernel, GCC version(s), processes, uptime, memory, and a wide array of other useful information.

If inxi is not installed in your system, you can install it by:

$ sudo apt install inxi [On Debian/Ubuntu/Linux Mint] $ sudo yum install inxi [On CentOs/RHEL/Fedora] $ sudo dnf install inxi [On Fedora 22+] 

In manpage you can fine that -S option can be used to get host name, kernel, desktop environment (if in X/Wayland), distro.

% inxi -S System: Host: blueray-i5 Kernel: 5.4.0-53-generic x86_64 bits: 64 Desktop: Cinnamon 4.6.7 Distro: Linux Mint 20 Ulyana 

This can be used as a debugging, and/or forum technical support tool. So you might consider keeping it in your toolbelt.

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How do I find out what version of Linux I’m running?

Is there a way to determine what version (distribution & kernel version, I suppose) of Linux is running (from the command-line), that works on any Linux system?

I’d just like to point out for the record how stupid it is that this is a question which needs asking. This is really quite an indictment on the state of every linux distro.

9 Answers 9

The kernel is universally detected with uname :

$ uname -or 2.6.18-128.el5 GNU/Linux 

There really isn’t a cross-distribution way to determine what distribution and version you’re on. There have been attempts to make this consistent, but ultimately it varies, unfortunately. LSB tools provide this information, but ironically aren’t installed by default everywhere. Example on an Ubuntu 9.04 system with the lsb-release package installed:

$ lsb_release -irc Distributor ID: Ubuntu Release: 9.04 Codename: jaunty 

Otherwise, the closest widely-available method is checking /etc/something-release files. These exist on most of the common platforms, and on their derivatives (i.e., Red Hat and CentOS).

$ cat /etc/lsb-release DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu DISTRIB_RELEASE=9.04 DISTRIB_CODENAME=jaunty DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 9.04" 

But Debian has /etc/debian_version :

$ cat /etc/debian_version 5.0.2 

Fedora, Red Hat and CentOS have:

Fedora: $ cat /etc/fedora-release Fedora release 10 (Cambridge) Red Hat/older CentOS: $ cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 5.3 (Final) newer CentOS: $ cat /etc/centos-release CentOS Linux release 7.1.1503 (Core) 

$ cat /etc/gentoo-release Gentoo Base System release 1.12.11.1 

I don’t have a SUSE system available at the moment, but I believe it is /etc/SuSE-release .

Slackware has /etc/slackware-release and/or /etc/slackware-version .

Mandriva has /etc/mandriva-release .

For most of the popular distributions then,

will most often work. Stripped down and barebones «server» installations might not have the ‘release’ package for the distribution installed.

Additionally, two 3rd party programs you can use to automatically get this information are Ohai and Facter.

Note that many distributions have this kind of information in /etc/issue or /etc/motd , but some security policies and best practices indicate that these files should contain access notification banners.

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How to Find Which Linux Version You Are Running

Logged in on a Linux system via SSH and wondering which Linux distribution is it? Here’s how to check the Linux version.

When you install a Linux distribution on your own, you know which distribution and version it is.

But if you use SSH to log in to a remote Linux server provided by an enterprise or client, you may wonder which Linux distribution and version it is.

The simplest way to check Linux version is to see the content of the /etc/os-release file:

It will show an output similar to this:

NAME="Ubuntu" VERSION="20.04.1 LTS (Focal Fossa)" ID=ubuntu ID_LIKE=debian PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS" VERSION_ID="20.04" HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/" SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/" BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/" PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy" VERSION_CODENAME=focal UBUNTU_CODENAME=focal

As you can see, the Linux name is Ubuntu and the version is 20.04.1.

However, that’s not the only way to know the Linux distribution details. In this beginner’s tip, I’ll show you different ways to check which Linux you are running.

Find Linux distribution details

Method 1: Use /etc/os-release file

If you are familiar with the Linux directory structure, you probably already know that /etc directory contains the core configuration files of the system.

The os-release file in the /etc directory keeps the information about the Linux distribution. It gives you the distribution name, distribution version, release name or ID.

Here’s what it displays for Alpine Linux server running on Linode infrastructure.

handbook:~# cat /etc/os-release NAME="Alpine Linux" ID=alpine VERSION_ID=3.12.0 PRETTY_NAME="Alpine Linux v3.12" HOME_URL="https://alpinelinux.org/" BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.alpinelinux.org/"

As you can see, the name of Linux distribution is Alpine Linux and the distribution version is 3.12.

The content of the /etc/os-release is usually different for different distributions. Distributions often use it to provide additional information like where to get support or file bugs etc.

For example, the /etc/os-release provides more lines for CentOS Linux.

NAME="CentOS Linux" VERSION="8 (Core)" ID="centos" ID_LIKE="rhel fedora" VERSION_ID="8" PLATFORM_ID="platform:el8" PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 8 (Core)" ANSI_COLOR="0;31" CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:8" HOME_URL="https://www.centos.org/" BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/" CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT="CentOS-8" CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION="8" REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="centos" REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="8" 

However, all of them provide the Linux distribution name and version so it is a pretty reliable way to know which Linux you are running. In fact, it is the most reliable way.

Method 2: Use hostnamectl command

Most Linux distributions these days use systemd. On such a system, you can use the hostnamectl command to get Linux version detail.

For the same CentOS system that you saw above, hostnamectl provides the following details:

[[email protected] ~]# hostnamectl Static hostname: localhost.localdomain Transient hostname: li2498-99.members.linode.com Icon name: computer-vm Chassis: vm Machine ID: e3fe2be3e17be3e1763bf43e8337e68b Boot ID: 33d3052bbffd44b1869bbffd4b00d26c Virtualization: kvm Operating System: CentOS Linux 8 (Core) CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:8 Kernel: Linux 4.18.0-147.8.1.el8_1.x86_64 Architecture: x86-64

You can see the Linux version detail in the line starting with ‘Operating System’.

The hostnamectl command is primarily used for dealing with the hostname but if it provides other details why not use it?

Method 3: Use lsb-release command

This is NOT a command that you’ll find in all Linux distributions. I think it is mostly used by Debian/Ubuntu based distributions.

You can use the lsb_release command with option -a and it will provide distribution details:

Don’t mind the No LSB modules are available line. It’s not an error of any kind.

[email protected]:~$ lsb_release -a No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS Release: 20.04 Codename: focal

Bonus Tip: Find Linux kernel version

Now that you know which distribution you are running, perhaps you would also like to know about the Linux kernel version running on the system.

You can get the kernel details using the uname command in any Linux distribution.

The output shows only the Linux kernel version:

handbook:~# uname -r 5.4.43-1-virt

No prizes for guessing that the above system is running on Linux kernel version 5.4.43.

I hope you find this quick tip helpful in finding Linux version detail. If you have questions or suggestions, please let me know in the comment section.

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