Introduction
Ubuntu can be installed from a USB flash drive. This may be necessary for most new portable computers without DVD drives and is handy for others because a USB flash drive is so convenient. Also, you can configure Ubuntu on the USB flash drive to save changes you make, unlike a read-only CD/DVD disk.
Booting from a USB flash drive created with usb-creator alias Startup Disk Creator and mkusb will behave just as if you had booted from the install CD. It will show the language selection and then the install menu, from which you can install Ubuntu onto the computer’s hard drive or launch the LiveCD environment. Other utilities, e.g. UNetbootin, may create slightly different boot drives or if on UEFI might not work at all with Debian iso files due to a bug
Note: This article uses the term «USB flash drive» alongside USB stick, USB drive, USB device, USB pendrive and thumb drive.
Prerequisites
- a 4 GB USB flash device/drive/stick. If the iso file is smaller than 2 GB, it is possible to use a 2 GB USB device, at least with some of the methods. Files on this USB device will be erased, so backup the files you want to keep before making the device bootable. Some of the tools require that this USB device is properly formatted and mounted while other tools will overwrite whatever is on the target device. Please follow the instructions for each tool.
- an Ubuntu flavour ISO file downloaded from an official web page, ubuntu.com/download or http://releases.ubuntu.com, stored in your running computer (for example in the directory Downloads in the internal drive, not in the USB flash drive that you want to make into a USB boot drive).
- Check with md5sum (or another checksum tool) that the download was good. In Linux there is the tool ‘md5sum’. In Windows you can do it with Rufus: click on the circle with a tick mark (more about Rufus here.)
Dummy headlines
After a major remake of this help page the following headlines are kept here because they may be linked to from other web sites. Several other headlines further down in the page are also kept for this reason.
How to Install Linux OS on USB Drive and Run it On Any PC
Ever thought of using any computer which is not yours, with all your personal stuff and configuration? It is possible with any Linux distribution. Yes! You can use your own, customized Linux OS on any machine with just a USB drive.
This tutorial is all about installing Latest Linux OS on your pen-drive ( fully reconfigurable personalized OS, NOT just a Live USB ), customize it, and use it on any PC you have access to. Here I am using Lubuntu 18.04 Bionic beaver for this tutorial (but, you can use any Linux distribution). So let’s gets started.
Requirements:
- One Pendrive 4GB or More (Let’s call it as Main USB drive/Pendrive).
- One more Pen drive or DVD disk to use as bootable Linux installation media.
- Linux OS ISO file, for example Lubuntu 18.04.
- One PC (Warning: Disconnect internal hard drives to prevent boot record alteration).
Important: While this procedure will not cause loss of data, some users have experienced changes to their internal drive’s bootup behavior depending on Linux distributions selected. To prevent any possibility of this occurrence, you may wish to disconnect your hard drive before continuing with the USB install portion of the tutorial.”
TIP: Use 32 bit Linux OS to make it compatible with any available PC.
That’s it! Go, and collect all of these. It’s time to do something new.
Step 1: Create Bootable Linux Installation Media
Use your Linux ISO image file to create a bootable USB installation media. You can use any software like Unetbootin, Gnome Disk Utility, Yumi Multi Boot, xboot, Live USB Creator, etc. to create bootable USB with the help of ISO image file.
Alternatively, you can use DVD disk by writing that ISO image to it (but that is the old school method).
Step 2: Create Partitions On Main USB Drive
You have to make two partitions on your Main USB drive using Gparted or Gnome Disk Utility, etc.
- The root partition of format ext4 of size according to your use.
- Optionally you can use the rest of the space as a FAT partition for using it as a normal USB drive.
I am having 16GB USB drive and I have created one root partition of 5GB and using rest 11GB as normal FAT partition. So my 16 GB USB drive is converted to 11GB drive for normal use on any PC. Sounds good.
This step you can do while installing Linux also, but it will be very complex while installing Operating Systems like Arch Linux.
Once you have created required partitions on the Main USB drive. Now take a deep breath because it’s time to go for Linux installation section.
Step 3: Install Linux on USB Drive
1. First, boot Linux OS (Lubuntu 18.04) from your bootable installation media and launch installation application from a live session. Live session of Lubuntu 18.04 will look like this.
2. Installer welcome screen will appear, select Language there and hit Continue.
3. Select Keyboard Layout and continue…
4. Select Wifi internet if you want to update Lubuntu while installation. I will skip it.
5. Select Installation Type and Third-party installation as per your choice and go to next..
6. Here select Something Else Option (It is Mandatory) and go to next…
7. This is an Important step, here you need to find out where your Main USB drive is mounted.
In my case /dev/sda are an internal hard disk of the PC and I am using /dev/sdb is USB Lubuntu Installation media from where this live session is booted.
And /dev/sdc is my Main USB drive where I want to install my Linux system and where I have made two partitions in step number 2. If you have skipped step 2, you can also make partitions in this window.
First, change the mount point of the first partition on this Main USB drive to ROOT (i.e. “ / ” ). And as shown in the second red square select bootloader installation device as the Main USB drive.
In my case it is /dev/sdc . This is the most important step in this tutorial. If it is not done correctly your system will boot only on the current PC you are using, which is exactly opposite of your motivation to follow this tutorial.
Once it is completed, double-check it and hit continue. You will get a small window showing devices and drive which will be affected.
8. Make sure that the device and drives shown on this window are of your Main USB drive, which is in my case /dev/sdc . Hit continue…
9. Now select your Region and hit Continue…
10. Add username, password, and hostname, etc…
11. Let the installation finish.
12. After completing installation hit restart and remove your installation media and press Enter.
13. Congratulations, you have successfully installed your own Linux OS on your pen drive to use it on any PC. Now you can connect a USB drive to any PC and start your system on that PC by simply selecting boot from USB option while booting.
Step 4: Customize the Lubuntu System
Now it’s time for fun. Just boot your system on any PC and start customizing. You can install any software you want. You can change Themes, Icon themes, install docker.
You can add and store your online accounts on it. Install/modify/customize whatever you want. All the changes will be permanent. They will not change or reset after rebooting or booting on other PCs.
The following figure shows my customized Lubuntu 18.04.
The main advantage of this method is you can use your personal stuff, your online accounts securely on any PC. You can even do secure online transactions as well on any available PC.
I hope it will be helpful for you, if you have questions regarding this article, please feel free to ask in the comment section below.