How to use pip in linux

Installing packages using pip and virtual environments¶

This guide discusses how to install packages using pip and a virtual environment manager: either venv for Python 3 or virtualenv for Python 2. These are the lowest-level tools for managing Python packages and are recommended if higher-level tools do not suit your needs.

This doc uses the term package to refer to a Distribution Package which is different from an Import Package that which is used to import modules in your Python source code.

Installing pip¶

pip is the reference Python package manager. It’s used to install and update packages. You’ll need to make sure you have the latest version of pip installed.

Debian and most other distributions include a python-pip package; if you want to use the Linux distribution-provided versions of pip, see Installing pip/setuptools/wheel with Linux Package Managers .

You can also install pip yourself to ensure you have the latest version. It’s recommended to use the system pip to bootstrap a user installation of pip:

python3 -m pip install --user --upgrade pip python3 -m pip --version

Afterwards, you should have the latest version of pip installed in your user site:

pip 21.1.3 from $HOME/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages (python 3.9)

The Python installers for Windows include pip. You can make sure that pip is up-to-date by running:

py -m pip install --upgrade pip py -m pip --version

Afterwards, you should have the latest version of pip:

pip 21.1.3 from c:\python39\lib\site-packages (Python 3.9.4)

Installing virtualenv¶

If you are using Python 3.3 or newer, the venv module is the preferred way to create and manage virtual environments. venv is included in the Python standard library and requires no additional installation. If you are using venv, you may skip this section.

virtualenv is used to manage Python packages for different projects. Using virtualenv allows you to avoid installing Python packages globally which could break system tools or other projects. You can install virtualenv using pip.

python3 -m pip install --user virtualenv

py -m pip install --user virtualenv

Creating a virtual environment¶

venv (for Python 3) and virtualenv (for Python 2) allow you to manage separate package installations for different projects. They essentially allow you to create a “virtual” isolated Python installation and install packages into that virtual installation. When you switch projects, you can simply create a new virtual environment and not have to worry about breaking the packages installed in the other environments. It is always recommended to use a virtual environment while developing Python applications.

To create a virtual environment, go to your project’s directory and run venv. If you are using Python 2, replace venv with virtualenv in the below commands.

The second argument is the location to create the virtual environment. Generally, you can just create this in your project and call it env .

venv will create a virtual Python installation in the env folder.

You should exclude your virtual environment directory from your version control system using .gitignore or similar.

Activating a virtual environment¶

Before you can start installing or using packages in your virtual environment you’ll need to activate it. Activating a virtual environment will put the virtual environment-specific python and pip executables into your shell’s PATH .

You can confirm you’re in the virtual environment by checking the location of your Python interpreter:

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Installation#

If your Python environment does not have pip installed, there are 2 mechanisms to install pip supported directly by pip’s maintainers:

ensurepip #

Python comes with an ensurepip module [ 1 ] , which can install pip in a Python environment.

$ python -m ensurepip --upgrade

$ python -m ensurepip --upgrade

More details about how ensurepip works and how it can be used, is available in the standard library documentation.

get-pip.py #

This is a Python script that uses some bootstrapping logic to install pip.

• Download the script, from https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py.
• Open a terminal/command prompt, cd to the folder containing the get-pip.py file and run:

More details about this script can be found in pypa/get-pip’s README.

Standalone zip application#

The zip application is currently experimental. We test that pip runs correctly in this form, but it is possible that there could be issues in some situations. We will accept bug reports in such cases, but for now the zip application should not be used in production environments.

In addition to installing pip in your environment, pip is available as a standalone zip application. This can be downloaded from https://bootstrap.pypa.io/pip/pip.pyz. There are also zip applications for specific pip versions, named pip-X.Y.Z.pyz .

The zip application can be run using any supported version of Python:

then the currently active Python interpreter will be used.

Alternative Methods#

Depending on how you installed Python, there might be other mechanisms available to you for installing pip such as using Linux package managers .

These mechanisms are provided by redistributors of pip, who may have modified pip to change its behaviour. This has been a frequent source of user confusion, since it causes a mismatch between documented behaviour in this documentation and how pip works after those modifications.

If you face issues when using Python and pip installed using these mechanisms, it is recommended to request for support from the relevant provider (eg: Linux distro community, cloud provider support channels, etc).

Upgrading pip #

Upgrade your pip by running:

$ python -m pip install --upgrade pip

$ python -m pip install --upgrade pip

C:> py -m pip install --upgrade pip

Compatibility#

The current version of pip works on:

pip is tested to work on the latest patch version of the Python interpreter, for each of the minor versions listed above. Previous patch versions are supported on a best effort approach.

Other operating systems and Python versions are not supported by pip’s maintainers.

Users who are on unsupported platforms should be aware that if they hit issues, they may have to resolve them for themselves. If they received pip from a source which provides support for their platform, they should request pip support from that source.

The ensurepip module was added to the Python standard library in Python 3.4.

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Getting Started#

As a first step, you should check that you have a working Python with pip installed. This can be done by running the following commands and making sure that the output looks similar.

$ python --version Python 3.N.N $ python -m pip --version pip X.Y.Z from . (python 3.N.N) 

$ python --version Python 3.N.N $ python -m pip --version pip X.Y.Z from . (python 3.N.N) 

C:> py --version Python 3.N.N C:> py -m pip --version pip X.Y.Z from . (python 3.N.N) 

If that worked, congratulations! You have a working pip in your environment. If you got output that does not look like the sample above, please read the Installation page. It provides guidance on how to install pip within a Python environment that doesn’t have it.

Common tasks#

Install a package#

$ python -m pip install sampleproject [. ] Successfully installed sampleproject 

$ python -m pip install sampleproject [. ] Successfully installed sampleproject 

C:> py -m pip install sampleproject [. ] Successfully installed sampleproject 

By default, pip will fetch packages from Python Package Index, a repository of software for the Python programming language where anyone can upload packages.

Install a package from GitHub#

$ python -m pip install git+https://github.com/pypa/sampleproject.git@main [. ] Successfully installed sampleproject 

$ python -m pip install git+https://github.com/pypa/sampleproject.git@main [. ] Successfully installed sampleproject 

C:> py -m pip install git+https://github.com/pypa/sampleproject.git@main [. ] Successfully installed sampleproject 

Install a package from a distribution file#

$ python -m pip install sampleproject-1.0.tar.gz [. ] Successfully installed sampleproject $ python -m pip install sampleproject-1.0-py3-none-any.whl [. ] Successfully installed sampleproject 

$ python -m pip install sampleproject-1.0.tar.gz [. ] Successfully installed sampleproject $ python -m pip install sampleproject-1.0-py3-none-any.whl [. ] Successfully installed sampleproject 

C:> py -m pip install sampleproject-1.0.tar.gz [. ] Successfully installed sampleproject C:> py -m pip install sampleproject-1.0-py3-none-any.whl [. ] Successfully installed sampleproject 

Install multiple packages using a requirements file#

Many Python projects use requirements.txt files, to specify the list of packages that need to be installed for the project to run. To install the packages listed in that file, you can run:

$ python -m pip install -r requirements.txt [. ] Successfully installed sampleproject 

$ python -m pip install -r requirements.txt [. ] Successfully installed sampleproject 

C:> py -m pip install -r requirements.txt [. ] Successfully installed sampleproject 

Upgrade a package#

$ python -m pip install --upgrade sampleproject [. ] Successfully installed sampleproject 

$ python -m pip install --upgrade sampleproject [. ] Successfully installed sampleproject 

C:> py -m pip install --upgrade sampleproject [. ] Successfully installed sampleproject 

Uninstall a package#

$ python -m pip uninstall sampleproject Uninstalling sampleproject: [. ] Proceed (Y/n)? y Successfully uninstalled sampleproject 

$ python -m pip uninstall sampleproject Uninstalling sampleproject: [. ] Proceed (Y/n)? y Successfully uninstalled sampleproject 

C:> py -m pip uninstall sampleproject Uninstalling sampleproject: [. ] Proceed (Y/n)? y Successfully uninstalled sampleproject 

Next Steps#

It is recommended to learn about what virtual environments are and how to use them. This is covered in the Installing Packages tutorial on packaging.python.org.

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Installation#

If your Python environment does not have pip installed, there are 2 mechanisms to install pip supported directly by pip’s maintainers:

ensurepip #

Python comes with an ensurepip module [ 1 ] , which can install pip in a Python environment.

$ python -m ensurepip --upgrade

$ python -m ensurepip --upgrade

More details about how ensurepip works and how it can be used, is available in the standard library documentation.

get-pip.py #

This is a Python script that uses some bootstrapping logic to install pip.

• Download the script, from https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py.
• Open a terminal/command prompt, cd to the folder containing the get-pip.py file and run:

More details about this script can be found in pypa/get-pip’s README.

Standalone zip application#

The zip application is currently experimental. We test that pip runs correctly in this form, but it is possible that there could be issues in some situations. We will accept bug reports in such cases, but for now the zip application should not be used in production environments.

In addition to installing pip in your environment, pip is available as a standalone zip application. This can be downloaded from https://bootstrap.pypa.io/pip/pip.pyz. There are also zip applications for specific pip versions, named pip-X.Y.Z.pyz .

The zip application can be run using any supported version of Python:

then the currently active Python interpreter will be used.

Alternative Methods#

Depending on how you installed Python, there might be other mechanisms available to you for installing pip such as using Linux package managers .

These mechanisms are provided by redistributors of pip, who may have modified pip to change its behaviour. This has been a frequent source of user confusion, since it causes a mismatch between documented behaviour in this documentation and how pip works after those modifications.

If you face issues when using Python and pip installed using these mechanisms, it is recommended to request for support from the relevant provider (eg: Linux distro community, cloud provider support channels, etc).

Upgrading pip #

Upgrade your pip by running:

$ python -m pip install --upgrade pip

$ python -m pip install --upgrade pip

C:> py -m pip install --upgrade pip

Compatibility#

The current version of pip works on:

pip is tested to work on the latest patch version of the Python interpreter, for each of the minor versions listed above. Previous patch versions are supported on a best effort approach.

Other operating systems and Python versions are not supported by pip’s maintainers.

Users who are on unsupported platforms should be aware that if they hit issues, they may have to resolve them for themselves. If they received pip from a source which provides support for their platform, they should request pip support from that source.

The ensurepip module was added to the Python standard library in Python 3.4.

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