I386 linux gnu install

Installing Debian GNU/Linux 3.0 For Intel x86
Chapter 11 — Appendix

A general source of information on Linux is the Linux Documentation Project . There you will find the HOWTOs and pointers to other very valuable information on parts of a GNU/Linux system.

11.2 Obtaining Debian GNU/Linux

11.2.1 Official Debian GNU/Linux CD Sets

If you want to buy a CD set to install Debian GNU/Linux system from CD-ROM you should look at the CD vendors page . There you get a list of addresses which sell Debian GNU/Linux on CD-ROMs. The list is sorted by country so you shouldn’t have a problem to find a vendor near you.

11.2.2 Debian Mirrors

11.2.3 Description of Installation System Files

This section contains an annotated list of files you will find in the disks-i386 directory. Which files you need to download will depend on the installation boot option and operating system installation media you have chosen.

Most files are floppy disk images; that is, a single file which can be written to a disk to create the necessary floppy disk. These images are, obviously, dependent on the size of the target floppy. For instance, 1.44MB is the normal quantity of data which is what fits on standard 3.5 inch floppies. 1.2MB is the amount of data which normally fits on 5.25 inch floppy disks, so use this image size if you have such a floppy drive. The images for 1.44MB floppy disks can be found in the images-1.44 directory. Images for 1.2MB floppy disks can be found in the images-1.20 directory. Images for 2.88MB disks, which are generally only used for CD-ROM booting and the like, are found in the images-2.88 directory.

11.2.3.1 Files for the Initial System Boot

11.2.3.1.1 Rescue floppy images:

• . /current/images-1.20/rescue.bin

• . /current/images-1.20/safe/rescue.bin

• . /current/images-1.44/rescue.bin

• . /current/images-1.44/bf2.4/rescue.bin

• . /current/images-1.44/compact/rescue.bin

• . /current/images-1.44/idepci/rescue.bin

• . /current/images-1.44/safe/rescue.bin

• . /current/images-2.88/rescue.bin

• . /current/images-2.88/bf2.4/rescue.bin

• . /current/images-2.88/compact/rescue.bin

• . /current/images-2.88/idepci/rescue.bin

11.2.3.1.2 Root image(s):

• . /current/images-1.20/root.bin

• . /current/images-1.44/root.bin

• . /current/images-1.44/compact/root.bin

• . /current/images-1.44/idepci/root.bin

• . /current/images-1.44/bf2.4/root.bin

11.2.3.1.3 Linux boot loader for MS-DOS:

11.2.3.1.4 MS-DOS Installer Batch Files:

• . /current/install.bat

• . /current/bf2.4/install.bat

• . /current/compact/install.bat

• . /current/idepci/install.bat

11.2.3.1.5 TFTP boot images

11.2.3.2 Linux Kernel Files

11.2.3.3 Driver Files

These files contain kernel modules, or drivers, for all kinds of hardware that are not necessary for initial booting. Getting the drivers you want is a two step process: first you identify an archive of drivers you want to use, and then you select which particular drivers you want.

Remember that your driver archive must be consistent with your initial kernel choice.

11.2.3.3.1 Driver floppies images:

• . /current/images-1.20/driver-1.bin

• . /current/images-1.20/driver-2.bin

• . /current/images-1.20/driver-3.bin

• . /current/images-1.20/driver-4.bin

• . /current/images-1.20/driver-5.bin

• . /current/images-1.20/safe/driver-1.bin

• . /current/images-1.20/safe/driver-2.bin

• . /current/images-1.20/safe/driver-3.bin

• . /current/images-1.20/safe/driver-4.bin

• . /current/images-1.20/safe/driver-5.bin

• . /current/images-1.44/driver-1.bin

• . /current/images-1.44/driver-2.bin

• . /current/images-1.44/driver-3.bin

• . /current/images-1.44/driver-4.bin

• . /current/images-1.44/bf2.4/driver-1.bin

• . /current/images-1.44/bf2.4/driver-2.bin

• . /current/images-1.44/bf2.4/driver-3.bin

• . /current/images-1.44/bf2.4/driver-4.bin

• . /current/images-1.44/bf2.4/driver-5.bin

• . /current/images-1.44/compact/driver-1.bin

• . /current/images-1.44/compact/driver-2.bin

• . /current/images-1.44/idepci/driver-1.bin

• . /current/images-1.44/safe/driver-1.bin

• . /current/images-1.44/safe/driver-2.bin

• . /current/images-1.44/safe/driver-3.bin

• . /current/images-1.44/safe/driver-4.bin

11.2.3.3.2 Driver floppies archive

• . /current/drivers.tgz

• . /current/bf2.4/drivers.tgz

• . /current/compact/drivers.tgz

• . /current/idepci/drivers.tgz

11.2.3.4 Debian Base System Installation Files

These files are needed only for computers without a working network connection, or those with unsupported network hardware. They contain the programs needed for the most basic GNU/Linux operating system. Often the contents of these files can be obtained automatically by the installer over a working network connection.

11.2.3.4.1 Base System Images:

• . /base-images-current/images-1.2/base-1.bin

• . /base-images-current/images-1.2/base-2.bin

• . /base-images-current/images-1.2/base-3.bin

• . /base-images-current/images-1.2/base-4.bin

• . /base-images-current/images-1.2/base-5.bin

• . /base-images-current/images-1.2/base-6.bin

• . /base-images-current/images-1.2/base-7.bin

• . /base-images-current/images-1.2/base-8.bin

• . /base-images-current/images-1.2/base-9.bin

• . /base-images-current/images-1.2/base-10.bin

• . /base-images-current/images-1.2/base-11.bin

• . /base-images-current/images-1.2/base-12.bin

• . /base-images-current/images-1.2/base-13.bin

• . /base-images-current/images-1.2/base-14.bin

• . /base-images-current/images-1.2/base-15.bin

• . /base-images-current/images-1.2/base-16.bin

• . /base-images-current/images-1.2/base-17.bin

• . /base-images-current/images-1.2/base-18.bin

• . /base-images-current/images-1.2/base-19.bin

• . /base-images-current/images-1.2/base-20.bin

• . /base-images-current/images-1.2/base-21.bin

• . /base-images-current/images-1.2/base-22.bin

• . /base-images-current/images-1.2/base-23.bin

• . /base-images-current/images-1.44/base-1.bin

• . /base-images-current/images-1.44/base-2.bin

• . /base-images-current/images-1.44/base-3.bin

• . /base-images-current/images-1.44/base-4.bin

• . /base-images-current/images-1.44/base-5.bin

• . /base-images-current/images-1.44/base-6.bin

• . /base-images-current/images-1.44/base-7.bin

• . /base-images-current/images-1.44/base-8.bin

• . /base-images-current/images-1.44/base-9.bin

• . /base-images-current/images-1.44/base-10.bin

• . /base-images-current/images-1.44/base-11.bin

• . /base-images-current/images-1.44/base-12.bin

• . /base-images-current/images-1.44/base-13.bin

• . /base-images-current/images-1.44/base-14.bin

• . /base-images-current/images-1.44/base-15.bin

• . /base-images-current/images-1.44/base-16.bin

• . /base-images-current/images-1.44/base-17.bin

• . /base-images-current/images-1.44/base-18.bin

• . /base-images-current/images-1.44/base-19.bin

• . /base-images-current/images-1.44/base-20.bin

11.2.3.4.2 Base System archive tarball

11.2.3.5 Utilities

11.3 Linux Devices

In Linux you have various special files in /dev . These files are called devices files. In the Unix world accessing hardware is different. There you have a special file which actually runs a driver which in turn accesses the hardware. The device file is an interface to the actual system component. Files under /dev also behave differently than ordinary files. Below are the most important device files listed.

fd0 First Floppy Drive fd1 Second Floppy Drive

hda IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the first IDE port (Master) hdb IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the first IDE port (Slave) hdc IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the second IDE port (Master) hdd IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the second IDE port (Slave) hda1 First partition of the first IDE hard disk hdd15 Fifteenth partition of the fourth IDE hard disk

sda SCSI Hard disk with lowest SCSI ID (e.g. 0) sdb SCSI Hard disk with next higher SCSI ID (e.g. 1) sdc SCSI Hard disk with next higher SCSI ID (e.g. 2) sda1 First partition of the first SCSI hard disk sdd10 Tenth partition of the fourth SCSI hard disk

sr0 SCSI CD-ROM with the lowest SCSI ID sr1 SCSI CD-ROM with the next higher SCSI ID

ttyS0 Serial port 0, COM1 under MS-DOS ttyS1 Serial port 1, COM2 under MS-DOS psaux PS/2 mouse device gpmdata Pseudo device, repeater data from GPM (mouse) daemon

cdrom Symbolic link to the CD-ROM drive mouse Symbolic link to the mouse device file

null everything pointed to this device will disappear zero one can endlessly read zeros out of this device

11.3.1 Setting Up Your Mouse

The mouse can be used in both the Linux console (with gpm) and the X window environment. The two uses can be made compatible if the gpm repeater is used to allow the signal to flow to the X server as shown:

mouse => /dev/psaux => gpm => /dev/gpmdata -> /dev/mouse => X /dev/ttyS0 (repeater) (symlink) /dev/ttyS1

Set the repeater protocol to be raw (in /etc/gpm.conf ) while setting X to the original mouse protocol in /etc/X11/XF86Config or /etc/X11/XF86Config-4 .

This approach to use gpm even in X has advantages when the mouse is unplugged inadvertently. Simply restarting gpm with

user@debian:# /etc/init.d/gpm restart

will re-connect the mouse in software without restarting X.

11.4 Disk Space Needed for Tasks

The base woody installation on the author’s computer required 117MB. The installed size for all standard packages was 123MB, with a download size of 38MB; so 278MB of space was needed to install the base and all standard packages.

The following table lists sizes reported by aptitude (a very nice program, by the way) for the tasks listed in tasksel. The system for which the figures were reported already had all standard packages installed. Note that some tasks have overlapping constituents, so the total installed size for two tasks together may be less than the total obtained by adding the numbers up.

Task Installed Download Space Needed Size (MB) Size (MB) To Install (MB) desktop environment 345 118 463 X window system 78 36 114 games 49 14 63 Debian Jr. 340 124 464 dialup system 28 8 36 laptop system 3 1 4 scientific applications 110 30 140 C and C++ 32 15 47 Python 103 30 133 Tcl/Tk 37 11 48 fortran 10 4 14 file server 1 - 1 mail server 4 3 7 usenet news server 6 2 8 print server 48 18 66 conventional unix server 55 19 74 web server 4 1 5 TeX/LaTeX environment 171 64 235 simplified Chinese environment 80 29 109 traditional Chinese environment 166 68 234 Cyrillic environment 29 13 42 French environment 60 18 78 German environment 31 9 40 Japanese environment 110 53 163 Korean environment 178 72 250 Polish environment 58 27 85 Russian environment 12 6 18 Spanish environment 15 4 19

11.5 Effects of Verbose and Quiet

• For LiveCD, allow choice of alternate install media

• When mounting volumes, always ask which mount point

• Warn that earlier kernels do not support newer file systems

• Warn that pre-2.4.1 kernels do not support ReiserFS 3.6

• Confirm install files path even if only one path found

• Suppress confirm before writing the aboot boot loader

• Suppress confirm before overwriting master boot record

• Suppress ‘Important Information about installed MBR’

• No invitation to install additional modules from floppy

• Don’t mention that s390 doesn’t support reboot

• Suppress confirmation that detected interface is PCMCIA

• Suppress message about successful DHCP configuration

• Suppress long message about Lilo and large disk support

• Suppress long message about PALO and large disk support

• Suppress SGI disk label note from Dvhtool

• Don’t chatter about how much disk space ReiserFS uses

• Don’t explain what Apple_Bootstrap is

• Mount the first initialized partition on / without asking

• Don’t offer to scan for bad blocks

• Don’t ask before initializing as XFS, ext2/3, ReiserFS, swap

• Avoid trying to persuade that a swap partition is good

• Don’t lecture before rebooting the system

Installing Debian GNU/Linux 3.0 For Intel x86 version 3.0.24, 18 December, 2002

Bruce Perens
Sven Rudolph
Igor Grobman
James Treacy
Adam Di Carlo

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