Include python h linux

Missing Python.h while trying to compile a C extension module

I’m following this tutorial on how to extend Python with C\C++ code. The section named «Building the extension module with GCC for Microsoft Windows» fails for me with the following error:

fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory 

The section named «Building the extension module using Microsoft Visual C++» also fails with a similar error:

fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'Python.h': No such file or directory 

3 Answers 3

For Linux, Ubuntu users to resolve the issue of missing Python.h while compiling, simply run the following command in your terminal to install the development package of python:

In Terminal: sudo apt-get install python-dev

If you are using windows 10, enable the Linux kernel in windows, follow the instructions answered by Nithin K Anil in the following link stackoverflow.com/questions/36352627/… — You will be able to run all Linux commands in windows, just always open the bash.exe as administrator

1. Do you have the python dev files so that you can find Python.h?
2. Do you have the location of Python.h specified to your compiler? with gcc this is usually done through a -I path to include.

Figuring out which of those is failing will solve your problem.

from the article you linked:

gcc -c hellomodule.c -I/PythonXY/include

gcc -shared hellomodule.o -L/PythonXY/libs -lpythonXY -o hello.dll

They assumed you installed python in the default location c:\pythonXY(Where X is the major version number and Y is the minor version number).(in your case Python26) If you put python somewhere else replace /PythonXY with where ever you installed it.

I have a standard Python installation and there’s no python.h file in there. Which dev files? (I’m using Python 2.6.6)

On windows the installer comes with the headers you need and libraries you need to link against. On Linux you will need the -devel package.

@Jonathan, yeah we know its there. but should we copy all of the include folder into project? i don’t think so pal

The Python official documentation has already made it clear. Check it out here

The header files are typically installed with Python. On Unix, these are located in the directories prefix/include/pythonversion/ and exec_prefix/include/pythonversion/, where prefix and exec_prefix are defined by the corresponding parameters to Python’s configure script and version is ‘%d.%d’ % sys.version_info[:2]. On Windows, the headers are installed in prefix/include, where prefix is the installation directory specified to the installer.

To include the headers, place both directories (if different) on your compiler’s search path for includes. Do not place the parent directories on the search path and then use #include ; this will break on multi-platform builds since the platform independent headers under prefix include the platform specific headers from exec_prefix.

And they have provided a convenient way to get the correct cflags that we should pass to compiler. here

So for example, here is what I got after running the command

root@36fd2072c90a:/# /usr/bin/python3-config --cflags -I/usr/include/python3.5m -I/usr/include/python3.5m -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes 

Pass those flags to the compiler, and it will work.

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Решение проблемы с ошибкой «fatal error: Python.h: Нет такого файла или каталога»

Если при компиляции программы вы получаете ошибку, что отсутствует файл Python.h, то необходимо установить дополнительный пакет.

Вам нужно обратить внимание, какая версия Python используется для компиляции программы: 2.x или 3.x. Файлы заголовков помещены в различные пакеты для этих версий, поэтому вам нужно установить правильный пакет, в соответствии с используемой при компиляции версией Python. В большинстве популярных дистрибутивов требуемый пакет имеется в стандартном репозитории, поэтому установка выполняется в одну команду.

Текст ошибки может чуть различаться, в зависимости от того, в каком файле она возникла. Примеры сообщений:

url/url.cpp:4:10: fatal error: Python.h: Нет такого файла или каталога #include "Python.h" ^~~~~~~~~~ compilation terminated. error: Setup script exited with error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1

utilsmodule.c:1:20: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory compilation terminated.

Самой вероятной причиной этого является то, что не установлены файлы заголовка и статичных библиотек для python dev. Для установки их на системном уровне используйте менеджер пакетов для вашего дистрибутива.

Для apt (Ubuntu, Debian, Kali Linux, Linux Mint…):

Если программа компилируется для python2.x, то выполните команду:

sudo apt install python-dev

Если программа компилируется для python3.x, то выполните команду:

sudo apt install python3-dev

Для yum (CentOS, RHEL…):

sudo yum install python-devel

sudo yum install python34-devel

Если вам нужно установить для других версий Python, то замените цифры на нужные, например:

sudo yum install python36u-devel

Для dnf (Fedora…):

sudo dnf install python2-devel

sudo dnf install python3-devel

Для zypper (openSUSE…):

sudo zypper in python-devel

sudo zypper in python3-devel

Если после установки заголовков проблема не исчезла, то возможно, что вы выбрали неверную версию Python.

Связанные статьи:

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Include python h linux

Last updated: Feb 20, 2023
Reading time · 5 min

# Fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory

To solve the «Fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory», install the header files and the static library for your version of Python by adding the python-dev package system-wide.

Copied! 
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1 fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory #include "Python.h" ^ compilation terminated. 

Open your terminal and run the command that is suitable for your operating system and package manager.

Copied! 
# 👇️ for Debian (Ubuntu) sudo apt-get install python-dev build-essential # python2.x sudo apt-get install python3-dev build-essential # python3.x # 👇️ for Redhat / CentOS sudo yum install python-devel # python2.x sudo yum install python3-devel # python3.x # 👇️ for Fedora sudo dnf install python2-devel sudo dnf install python3-devel # 👇️ for Alpine Linux sudo apk add python2-dev # python2.x sudo apk add python3-dev # python3.x # 👇️ for openSUSE sudo zypper in python-devel # python2.x sudo zypper in python3-devel # python3.x # 👇️ for Cygwin apt-cyg install python-devel # for python2.x apt-cyg install python3-devel # for python3.x 

Installing the header files and the static library for your version of Python should be sufficient as it is not recommended to edit python.h files directly.

# Installing python3-dev for a specific Python version

If that didn’t help, you have to install python3-dev for your specific version of Python.

Use the python —version command to get your version of Python first.

For example, my Python version is 3.11, so I’d scope the python-dev package to Python 3.11 .

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# python3.11 sudo apt-get install python3.11-dev build-essential 

If your Python version is 3.10, you’d scope the python-dev package to Python 3.10 .

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# python3.10 sudo apt-get install python3.10-dev build-essential 

If your Python version is 3.8, you’d install python3.8-dev .

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# python3.8 sudo apt-get install python3.8-dev build-essential 

The python3-dev package includes header files and a static library for Python (v3.X).

Installing the header files and the python-dev library should resolve the error without you having to edit python.h files directly.

# Locate your Python header files

If the error is not resolved, run the following command.

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sudo find / -iname 'Python.h' 

The command will try to locate the Python headers.

The output will look something like this.

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/usr/include/python3.7/Python.h /usr/include/python3.8/Python.h /home/borislav/anaconda3/include/python3.7m/Python.h /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Cellar/python@3.8/3.8.13_1/include/python3.8/Python.h 

Make sure to install the python-dev files for the specific versions of Python, e.g. 3.7 and 3.8 in the example.

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# 👇️ python3.7 sudo apt-get install python3.7-dev build-essential # 👇️ python3.8 sudo apt-get install python3.8-dev build-essential 

# Make sure the specified path is correct

The error also occurs when the path to the Python.h file cannot be found on your machine.

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gcc -o output example_file.c 

Make sure you haven’t misspelled the name of the file in the command.

For example, if you have a main.c file with the following contents.

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#include int main()  printf("Hello World!"); return 0; > 

Install the locate command if you don’t already have it.

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# 👇️ for Debian/Ubuntu sudo apt install mlocate # 👇️ for CentOS/RHEL sudo yum install mlocate 

Run the command to find the Python.h executable.

The output of the command will contain a path to the Python.h file, e.g. /usr/include/python3.11/Python.h .

If the file is not found, then you haven’t installed python-dev as shown in the previous subheading.

If the path is /usr/include/python3.11/Python.h , issue the following command.

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gcc -I/usr/include/python3.11 main.c 

Notice that we aren’t specifying the path to the Python.h file, but to the directory that contains it.

1. The directory in which your Python.h file is /usr/include/python3.11 .
2. The file you are working with is called main.c .

The path will likely be different in your case, so make sure to update the path with the output from the locate Python.h command.

Make sure to specify the path to the directory that contains your Python.h file, not the complete path to the file.

Copied! 
gcc -I/usr/include/python3.11 main.c 

My Python.h file is located in the /usr/include/python3.11 directory.

# Check if your Python version is supported by the package

Google for the name of the package you’re trying to install and check if your Python version is supported by the package.

For example, if I google «requests pypi» and click on the pypi.org page, I can see the supported Python versions in the sidebar on the left, under Meta > Requires .

The screenshot shows that the package supports Python 3.7+.

If your Python version doesn’t meet the requirements, the «Fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory» occurs.

If the package doesn’t support the latest version of Python, try running the pip install command with the —pre option.

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pip install requests --pre pip3 install requests --pre python -m pip install requests --pre python3 -m pip install requests --pre py -m pip install requests --pre 

The —pre option makes it so pip includes pre-release and development versions of the package. By default pip only finds stable versions.

If that doesn’t work, you have to install a Python version that is in the specified range and then run the pip install command.

You can upgrade your Python version by downloading the installer from the official python.org website and running it.

Make sure to tick the following options if you get prompted:

• Install launcher for all users (recommended)
• Add Python to PATH (this adds Python to your PATH environment variable)

You can download a specific Python version that is supported by the package if the package doesn’t support the latest Python version.

Different versions are available in the «Looking for a specific release» table.

# Try running pip install in verbose mode

If none of the suggestions helped, try running the pip install command in verbose mode.

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pip install requests -vvv pip3 install requests -vvv python -m pip install requests -vvv 

The -v option stands for verbose mode and can be used up to 3 times.

When the pip install command is run in verbose mode, the command shows more output and how the error occurred.

# Conclusion

To solve the «Fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory»:

1. Install the header files and the static library for your version of Python.
2. Make sure your Python version is supported by the package you’re trying to install.

I wrote a book in which I share everything I know about how to become a better, more efficient programmer.

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