avarice(1) — Linux man page
avarice — Provides an interface from avr-gdb to Atmel’s JTAGICE box.
Synopsis
avarice [OPTIONS]. [[HOST_NAME]:PORT]
Description
AVaRICE runs on a POSIX machine and connects to gdb via a TCP socket and communicates via gdb’s «serial debug protocol». This protocol allows gdb to send commands like «set/remove breakpoint» and «read/write memory».
AVaRICE translates these commands into the Atmel protocol used to control the AVR JTAG ICE. Connection to the AVR JTAG ICE is via a serial port on the POSIX machine.
Because the GDB AVaRICE connection is via a TCP socket, the two programs do not need to run on the same machine. In an office environment, this allows a developer to debug a target in the lab from the comfort of their cube (or even better, their home!) NOTE: Even though you can run avarice and avr-gdb on different systems, it is not recommended because of the security risk involved. avarice was not designed to be a secure server. There is no authentication performed when a client connects to avarice when it is running in gdb server mode.
Supported Devices avarice currently has support for the following devices: at90can128
at90can32 (o)
at90can64 (o)
at90pwm2 (o) (+)
at90pwm216 (o) (+)
at90pwm2b (o) (+)
at90pwm3 (o) (+)
at90pwm316 (o) (+)
at90pwm3b (o) (+)
at90usb1287 (*)
at90usb162 (o) (+)
at90usb646 (*)
at90usb647 (*)
atmega128
atmega1280 (*)
atmega1281 (*)
atmega1284p (*)
atmega16
atmega162
atmega164p (o)
atmega165 (o)
atmega165p (o)
atmega168 (o) (+)
atmega168p (o) (+)
atmega169
atmega16hva (o)
atmega2560 (*)
atmega2561 (*)
atmega32
atmega323
atmega324p (o)
atmega325 (o)
atmega3250 (o)
atmega3250p (o)
atmega325p (o)
atmega328p (o) (+)
atmega329 (o)
atmega3290 (o)
atmega3290p (o)
atmega329p (o)
atmega32c1 (o) (+)
atmega32hvb (o) (+)
atmega32m1 (o) (+)
atmega32u4 (o)
atmega406 (*)
atmega48 (o) (+)
atmega48p (o) (+)
atmega64
atmega640 (*)
atmega644 (*)
atmega644p (*)
atmega645 (*)
atmega6450 (*)
atmega649 (*)
atmega6490 (*)
atmega88 (o) (+)
atmega88p (o) (+)
attiny13 (o) (+)
attiny167 (o) (+)
attiny2313 (o) (+)
attiny24 (o) (+)
attiny25 (o) (+)
attiny261 (o) (+)
attiny43u (o) (+)
attiny44 (o) (+)
attiny45 (o) (+)
attiny461 (o) (+)
attiny48 (o) (+)
attiny84 (o) (+)
attiny85 (o) (+)
attiny861 (o) (+)
attiny88 (o) (+)
atxmega128a1 (*) * — Only supported by the JTAG ICE mkII device.
o — Only supported by the JTAG ICE mkII and AVR Dragon device.
+ — debugWire, see below
Supported File Formats avarice uses libbfd for reading input files. As such, it can handle any file format that libbfd knowns about. This includes the Intel Hex, Motorola SRecord and ELF formats, among others. If you tell avarice to read an ELF file, it will automatically handle programming all of the sections contained in the file (e.g. flash, eeprom, etc.).
Options
-h, —help Print this message. -1, —mkI Connect to JTAG ICE mkI (default). -2, —mkII Connect to JTAG ICE mkII. -B, —jtag-bitrate Set the bitrate that the JTAG box communicates with the AVR target device. This must be less than 1/4 of the frequency of the target. Valid values are 1 MHz, 500 kHz, 250 kHz or 125 kHz for the JTAG ICE mkI, anything between 22 kHz through approximately 6400 kHz for the JTAG ICE mkII. (default: 250 kHz) -C, —capture Capture running program.
Note: debugging must have been enabled prior to starting the program. (e.g., by running avarice earlier) -c, —daisy-chain Setup JTAG daisy-chain information.
Four comma-separated parameters need to be provided, corresponding to units before, units after, bits before, and bits after. -D, —detach Detach once synced with JTAG ICE -d, —debug Enable printing of debug information. -e, —erase Erase target. Not possible in debugWire mode. -E, —event List of events that do not interrupt. JTAG ICE mkII and AVR Dragon only. Default is «none,run,target_power_on,target_sleep,target_wakeup» -f, —file Specify a file for use with the —program and —verify options. If —file is passed and neither —program or —verify are given then —program is implied. -g, —dragon Connect to an AVR Dragon. This option implies the -2 option. -I, —ignore-intr Automatically step over interrupts.
Note: EXPERIMENTAL. Can not currently handle devices fused for compatibility. -j, —jtag Port attached to JTAG box (default: /dev/avrjtag). If the JTAG_DEV environmental variable is set, avarice will use that as the default instead.
If avarice has been configured with libusb support, the JTAG ICE mkII can be connected through USB. In that case, the string usb is used as the name of the device. If there are multiple JTAG ICE mkII devices connected to the system through USB, this string may be followed by the (trailing part of the) ICE’s serial number, delimited from the usb by a colon.
The AVR Dragon can only be connected through USB, so this option defaults to «usb» in that case. -k, —known-devices Print a list of known devices. -L, —write-lockbits Write lock bits. The lock byte data must be given in two digit hexidecimal format with zero padding if needed. -l, —read-lockbits Read the lock bits from the target. The individual bits are also displayed with names. -P, —part Target device name (e.g. atmega16) -p, —program Program the target. Binary filename must be specified with —file option.
NOTE: The old behaviour of automatically erasing the target before programming is no longer done. You must explicitly give the —erase option for the target to be erased. -R, —reset-srst Apply nSRST signal (external reset) when connecting. This can override applications that set the JTD bit. -r, —read-fuses Read fuses bytes. -V, —version Print version information. -v, —verify Verify program in device against file specified with —file option. -w, —debugwire Connect to JTAG ICE mkII (or AVR Dragon), talking debugWire protocol to the target. This option implies the -2 option. See the DEBUGWIRE section below. -W, —write-fuses Write fuses bytes. ee is the extended fuse byte, hh is the high fuse byte and ll is the low fuse byte. The fuse byte data must be given in two digit hexidecimal format with zero padding if needed. All three bytes must currently be given. -x, —xmega The target device is an ATxmega part. Since the ATxmega uses a different JTAG communication than other AVRs, the normal device autodetection based on the JTAG ID does not work. If the device has been explicitly selected through the -P option, it is not necessary to also specify the -x option.
NOTE: Current, if the target device doesn’t have an extended fuse byte (e.g. the atmega16), the you should set ee==ll when writing the fuse bytes. HOST_NAME defaults to 0.0.0.0 (listen on any interface) if not given.
:PORT is required to put avarice into gdb server mode.
Example Usage
avarice —erase —program —file test.bin —jtag /dev/ttyS0 :4242
Program the file test.bin into the JTAG ICE (mkI) connected to /dev/ttyS0 after erasing the device, then listen in GDB mode on the local port 4242.
avarice —jtag usb:1234 —mkII :4242
Connect to the JTAG ICE mkII attached to USB which serial number ends in 1234, and listen in GDB mode on local port 4242.
Debugging With Avarice
The JTAG ICE debugging environment has a few restrictions and changes: • No «soft» breakpoints, and only three hardware breakpoints. The break command sets hardware breakpoints. The easiest way to deal with this restriction is to enable and disable breakpoints as needed.
• Two 1-byte hardware watchpoints (but each hardware watchpoint takes away one hardware breakpoint). If you set a watchpoint on a variable which takes more than one byte, execution will be abysmally slow. Instead it is better to do the following: watch *(char *)&myvariable which watches the least significant byte of myvariable. • The Atmel AVR processors have a Harvard architecture (separate code and data buses). To distinguish data address 0 from code address 0, avr-gdb adds 0x800000 to all data addresses. Bear this in mind when examining printed pointers, or when passing absolute addresses to gdb commands.
Debugwire
The debugWire protocol is a proprietary protocol introduced by Atmel to allow debugging small AVR controllers that don’t offer enough pins (and enough chip resources) to implement full JTAG. The communication takes place over the /RESET pin which needs to be turned into a debugWire connection pin by programming the DWEN fuse (debugWire enable), using a normal programmer connection (in-system programming, high-voltage programming). Note that by enabling this fuse, the standard reset functionality of that pin will be lost, so any in-system programming will cease to work as it requires a functional /RESET pin. Thus it should be made absolutely sure there is a way back, like a device (as the STK500, for example) that can handle high-voltage programming of the AVR. Currently, avarice offers no option to turn off the DWEN fuse. However, avrdude offers the option to turn it off either through high-voltage programming, or by using the JTAG ICE mkII to first turn the target into an ISP-compatible mode, and then using normal ISP commands to change the fuse settings.
Note that the debugWire environment is further limited, compared to JTAG. It does not offer hardware breakpoints, so all breakpoints have to be implemented as software breakpoints by rewriting flash pages using BREAK instructions. (Software breakpoints are currently not implemented by avarice.) Some memory spaces (fuse and lock bits) are not accessible through the debugWire protocol.
See Also
gdb(1), avrdude(1), avr-gdb(1), insight(1), avr-insight(1), ice-gdb(1), ice-insight(1)
Authors
Avarice (up to version 1.5) was originally written by Scott Finneran with help from Peter Jansen. They did the work of figuring out the jtagice communication protocol before Atmel released the spec (appnote AVR060).
David Gay made major improvements bringing avarice up to 2.0.
Joerg Wunsch reworked the code to abstract the JTAG ICE communication from the remainder, and then extended the code to support the JTAG ICE mkII protocol (see Atmel appnote AVR067).
Программирование микроконтроллеров AVR под LINUX
JTAG — интерфейс, созданный для отладки и перепрограммирования. Существуют контроллеры JTAGICE mkII, но для ATmega128, ATmega16, ATmega162, ATmega165, ATmega169, ATmega16A, ATmega32, ATmega323, ATmega32A, ATmega64, ATmega64A достаточно JTAG ICE [1].
Имеем: «AVR JTAG USB (полный аналог AVR JTAG ICE от ATMEL с возможностью работы от USB)», микроконтроллер Atmega16. На компьютере установлен Ubuntu linux 8.10. На других дистрибутивах Linux/BSD должно работать аналогично.
При подключении «AVR JTAG ICE» (кстати, на нём тоже установлен Atmega16) он определяется как переходник на com-порт:
usb 2-1: new full speed USB device using uhci_hcd and address 3 usb 2-1: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice usbcore: registered new interface driver usbserial usbserial: USB Serial support registered for generic usbcore: registered new interface driver usbserial_generic usbserial: USB Serial Driver core usbserial: USB Serial support registered for FTDI USB Serial Device ftdi_sio 2-1:1.0: FTDI USB Serial Device converter detected ftdi_sio: Detected FT232RL usb 2-1: FTDI USB Serial Device converter now attached to ttyUSB0 usbcore: registered new interface driver ftdi_sio ftdi_sio: v1.4.3:USB FTDI Serial Converters Driver
Тестовая программа
Писать будем на чистом C. Оригинал взят с AVR GCC :: УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ПОРТАМИ МИКРОКОНТРОЛЛЕРА и немного переделан.
Программа будет в бесконечном цикле выдавать 0/1 на порты PB и PD5. Паузы делать с помощью цикла нехорошо, надо бы с помощью специальных задержек, но у меня они почему-то действуют как-то неравномерно, и я сделал циклами.
#define F_CPU 8000000UL // указываем частоту в герцах, для кварца 8 MHz #include //#include int main(void) < // начало основной программы unsigned int i; DDRB = 0xff; // все выводы порта B сконфигурировать как выходы DDRD = 0xff; // все выводы порта D сконфигурировать как выходы while(1) < // бесконечный цикл PORTD |= _BV(PD1); // установить "1" (высокий уровень) на выводе PD1, зажечь светодиод PORTB = 0xff; // установить "1" на всех выводах порта PB // _delay_ms(250); // ждем 0.25 сек. for (i = 0; i < 20000; i++); // Делаем паузу PORTD &= ~_BV(PD1); // установить "0" (низкий уровень) на выводе PD1, погасить светодиод PORTB = 0x00; // установить "0" на всех выводах порта PB // _delay_ms(250); // ждем 0.25 сек. for (i = 0; i < 20000; i++); // Делаем паузу >; > // закрывающая скобка основной программы
Компиляция
sudo apt-get install avr-libc gcc-avr
avr-gcc -mmcu=atmega16 -o test_atmega16.o test_atmega16.c
avr-gcc -mmcu=atmega16 -S test_atmega16.c
Прошивка
sudo apt-get install avarice
avarice -j /dev/ttyUSB0 -B 125KHz --erase avarice -j /dev/ttyUSB0 -B 125KHz --file test_atmega16.o --program