Как установить linux void

Manual installation

If the installer doesn’t suffice for you, you can also install the system manually. For that, you will need a working Linux system on the hardware, which means a Void live image, a live image of any other distro, or some other environment.

Preparation

You will need the following:

1. A Linux environment
2. A static binary copy of the xbps package manager, available at https://repo.voidlinux-ppc.org/static/ — not needed on a Void system

Don’t worry about the archives being marked musl , these work the same on glibc as well. The key point here is that the binaries are statically linked, so they will work on any distribution/environment regardless of the software packages you have. You just need to get the right archive for the endianness you want.

Booting and setting up environment

Boot your Linux removable media. If you don’t know how to, follow the boot instructions.

If the environment is not Void, grab your static xbps copy.

# wget https://repo.voidlinux-ppc.org/static/xbps-static-0.59_5.ppc64le-musl.tar.xz 

# wget https://repo.voidlinux-ppc.org/static/xbps-static-0.59_5.ppc64-musl.tar.xz 

# wget https://repo.voidlinux-ppc.org/static/xbps-static-0.59_5.ppc-musl.tar.xz 

# mkdir sxbps && cd sxbps # tar xvf ../xbps-static*.tar.xz 

You don’t need most of the binaries, the one you are interested in is xbps-install.static , located in usr/bin .

Also, everything mentioned in this guide should be run as root.

Time

The time may be set incorrectly, especially on old Macs with bad batteries or in VMs. Use the date command to set it to at least the correct day.

Setting up the target drive

See the Partitioning Notes for more details about partitioning your disk.

Once you have partitioned your disk, format the / and mount it:

Now we have a target filesystem at /dev/sdXN . Mount it:

$ mkdir -p /media/rootfs $ mount /dev/sdXN /media/rootfs 

Installing initial system

Let’s assume we have a target rootfs partition mounted at /media/rootfs , as set up in the section above. Change your current directory to the usr/bin location where you extracted the static xbps archive, so that xbps-install.static is present in the current directory.

Then proceed to install a minimal system. Again, anything # foo is a comment.

# export XBPS_ARCH=ppc64le # ./xbps-install.static -R https://repo.voidlinux-ppc.org/current -r /media/rootfs -S base-voidstrap 

This will get a minimal system installed. Alter XBPS_ARCH as needed, for example for 32-bit musl it will be ppc-musl . We’re not installing a full system yet, as we’re not sure about the outside environment’s software selection. The smaller the system is, the less likely it is to result in a failure.

Now we will need to set up the target so that we can chroot into it.

# cp /etc/resolv.conf /media/rootfs/etc # cp /etc/hosts /media/rootfs/etc # mount -t devtmpfs none /media/rootfs/dev # mount -t proc none /media/rootfs/proc # mount -t sysfs none /media/rootfs/sys 

If the dev , proc and sys directories do not exist in the target for some reason, create them. This is a sign of a failed configuration step, if the output of xbps-install doesn’t show any errors, you should probably be fine.

Now is time to switch to the target system and install the rest of it.

If the configuration failed for whatever reason, reconfigure the installed packages. You can most likely do this anyway, it will not do any harm, but it should not be necessary if the initial system installation did not fail.

# xbps-reconfigure -f base-files # xbps-reconfigure -f -a 

Configuring the system

We can proceed to install everything else.

# update-ca-certificates # xbps-install -S # xbps-install base-system 

For glibc targets, it is necessary to enable a locale. The list is in /etc/default/libc-locales . You then need to reconfigure the appropriate package. For example:

# sed -i 's/#en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8/' /etc/default/libc-locales # xbps-reconfigure -f glibc-locales # echo 'LANG=en_US.UTF-8' > /etc/locale.conf 

You also need to set a timezone and a hostname.

# echo 'TIMEZONE="Europe/Prague"' >> /etc/rc.conf # echo foo > /etc/hostname 

You need to set the root password, otherwise you will not be able to log in in the target system.

Finally, enable some services by default.

# ln -s /etc/sv/dhcpcd /etc/runit/runsvdir/default/ # ln -s /etc/sv/sshd /etc/runit/runsvdir/default/ 

You need dhcpcd for internet access (it’s set up for DHCP out of box, can be configured for static IP) and sshd is optional. You can pre-enable any other services in /etc/sv the same way.

Bootloader setup

OpenPOWER

As OpenPOWER systems use Petitboot, which is embedded in the firmware, there is very little you have to do. Only a few things:

# xbps-install grub-utils # mkdir -p /boot/grub 

We only install the utils, as we’ll be using those to generate a GRUB configuration file, which Petitboot can read and parse. Edit /etc/default/grub to update your kernel commandline. It is also a good idea to add the following line:

GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER=true 

This drastically reduces the time needed to generate the configuration file, and os-prober is kinda useless on Petitboot anyway as it scans every storage medium separately.

PowerPC Macs

We will need to install the OpenFirmware bootloader:

# xbps-install grub-utils grub-powerpc-ieee1275 

Also utilities to deal with HFS:

# xbps-install hfsutils hfsprogs 

Let’s assume the bootstrap partition is /dev/sdXM . Create a mountpoint for the bootstrap partition, format it and mount it:

# mkdir -p /media/bootstrap # dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdXM bs=512 # hformat -l bootstrap /dev/sdXM # mount -t hfs /dev/sdXM /media/bootstrap 

And proceed to install the bootloader, then unmount the bootstrap partition:

# grub-install --macppc-directory=/media/bootstrap /dev/sdXM # umount /media/bootstrap # rmdir /media/bootstrap 

Unfortunately, that’s not all you need to do. You still need to bless the directory with the bootloader and set up the file type for the boot script:

# hmount /dev/sdXM # hattrib -t tbxi -c UNIX :System:Library:CoreServices:BootX # hattrib -b :System:Library:CoreServices # humount 

Finally, generate the configuration file:

It is also recommended to uncomment the following line in /etc/default/grub :

GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT=console 

and then run update-grub again. This is necessary because graphical GRUB is very slow on Macs and in virtual machines it will not work at all. You can also add GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER=true to prevent update-grub from scanning other drives, which speeds it up considerably.

Other OpenFirmware

We will need to install the OpenFirmware bootloader:

# xbps-install grub-utils grub-powerpc-ieee1275 

Then we will need to install the bootloader into the PowerPC PReP boot partition, with some files going to /boot/grub . That’s easy:

# grub-install --boot-directory=/boot /dev/sda1 # must point it to the PReP partition # update-grub 

Before doing update-grub , maybe tweak your /etc/default/grub , see the OpenPOWER section.

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Installation Guide

Once you have downloaded a Void image to install and prepared your install media, you are ready to install Void Linux.

Booting

Boot your machine from the install media you created. If you have enough RAM, there is an option on the boot screen to load the entire image into ram, which will take some time but speed up the rest of the install process.

Once the live image has booted, log in as root with password voidlinux . Then, check if date/time is correct, with the date command. Especially on old Macs with bad batteries and in some VMs it may be set to 1970. If that is the case, fix it again with the date command.

The following sections will detail each screen of the installer.

Keyboard

Select the keymap for your keyboard; standard «qwerty» keyboards will generally use the «us» keymap.

Network

Select your primary network interface. If you do not choose to use DHCP, you will be prompted to provide an IP address, gateway, and DNS servers.

If you intend to use a wireless connection during the installation, you may need to configure it manually using wpa_supplicant and dhcpcd manually before running void-installer .

Source

To install packages provided on the install image, select Local . Otherwise, you may select Network to download the latest packages from the Void repository.

Note: if you are installing a desktop environment from a »flavor» image, you MUST choose Local for the source!

Hostname

Select a hostname for your computer (that is all lowercase, with no spaces.)

Locale

Select your default locale settings. This option is for glibc only, as musl does not currently support locales.

Timezone

Select your timezone based on standard timezone options.

Root password

Enter and confirm your root password for the new installation. The password will not be shown on screen.

User account

Choose a login (default void ) and a descriptive name for that login. Then enter and confirm the password for the new user. You will then be prompted to verify the groups for this new user. They are added to the wheel group by default and will have sudo access.

Partition

Next, you will need to partition your disks. Void does not provide a preset partition scheme, so you will need to create your partitions manually. Depending on your platform, the installer will guide you with instructions on how to partition your drive. You might need to use different partitioning tools depending on the hardware ( cfdisk for most, pmac-fdisk for Macs).

See the Partitioning Notes for more details about partitioning your disk.

Filesystems

Create the filesystems for each partition you have created. For each partition you will be prompted to choose a filesystem type, whether you want to create a new filesystem on the partition, and a mount point, if applicable. When you are finished, select Done to return to the main menu.

Bootloader

OpenPOWER systems

Since OpenPOWER systems use Petitboot, you will not be able to install a bootloader. The installer will still ask you whether to at least use GRUB for generating the configuration file. As Petitboot can read these configs, it can generate a menu for you. You will probably want to say Yes.

IBM OF systems

These use the PReP boot partition. You will need to point the installer to it so that it can put GRUB in there. You will also be asked whether to use a graphical terminal. That’s generally up to you, in either case you will get a boot menu.

NewWorld PowerPC Macs

You will need to select your bootstrap partition. The choice of graphical bootloader is again up to you, but keep in mind that it might be slow on this hardware, so you will likely want to say No.

Other hardware

Other hardware is generally unsupported by the installer when it comes to bootloader setup, though you can still use it for other things and skip the bootloader installation, then do it manually.

Review settings

It is a good idea to review your settings before proceeding. Use the right arrow key to select the settings button and hit . All your selections will be shown for review.

Install

Selecting Install from the menu will start the installer. The installer will create all the filesystems selected, and install the base system packages. It will then generate an initramfs and install a GRUB2 bootloader to the bootable partition.

These steps will all run automatically, and after the installation is completed successfully, you can reboot into your new Void Linux install!

Post installation

See the Post-Installation guide for some tips on setting up your new system.

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