Kali Linux commands the basic you must learn
New to Kali Linux ? or to Linux at all …
Welcome to this new experience I’m sure you will enjoy once you start playing with your terminal … Kali Linux commands are nothing special from Linux commands they are the same so what you are going to learn here will work in every Linux system you may use, try over and over we are learning at the end and this is the most important part of it,
Commands are almost everything in Linux so you must learn at least the basic commands we are not in Windows to click we are in Linux to type!
so here is a list for some of the basic commands for Kali Linux
you are looking for Kali Linux Chart Sheet Check this article
let’s start with details of commands
1.Command: ls
The command “ls” stands for (List Directory Contents), List the contents of the folder, be it file or folder, from which it runs. The most common options are -a (all files) and -l (long or details)
Tab completion is supported and may be configured with .inputrc
When output to file the files are listed one per line.
By default, colour is not used to distinguish types of files. That is equivalent to using –color=none.
Using the –color option without the optional WHEN argument is equivalent to using –color=always.
With –color=auto, color codes are output only if standard output is connected to a terminal (tty).
A.Command “ls -a“, list the content of folder, including hidden files the hidden files is colored white
- Command: lsblk
The “lsblk” stands for (List Block Devices), print block devices by their assigned name (but not RAM) on the standard output in a tree-like fashion.
The “lsblk -l” command list block devices in ‘list‘ structure (not tree like fashion).
Note: lsblk is very useful and easiest way to know the name of New Usb Device you just plugged in, especially when you have to deal with disk/blocks in terminal.
3.sudo Command
The “sudo” (super user do) command allows a permitted user to execute a command as the superuser or another user, as specified by the security policy in the sudoers list.
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tualatrix/ppa
Note: sudo allows user to borrow superuser privileged, while a similar command ‘su‘ allows user to actually log in as superuser. Sudo is safer than su.
It is not advised to use sudo or su for day-to-day normal use, as it can result in serious error if accidentally you did something wrong, that’s why a very popular saying in Linux community is:
“To err is human, but to really foul up everything, you need root password.”
4.mkdir Command
The “mkdir” (Make directory) command create a new directory with name path. However is the directory already exists, it will return an error message “cannot create folder, folder already exists”.
mkdir Kalitut
Note: Directory can only be created inside the folder, in which the user has write permission. mkdir: cannot create directory `Kalitut‘: File exists
(Don’t confuse with file in the above output, you might remember what i said at the beginning – In Linux every file, folder, drive, command, scripts are treated as file).
5.chmod Command
The Linux “chmod” command stands for (change file mode bits). chmod changes the file mode (permission) of each given file, folder, script, etc.. according to mode asked for.
There exist 3 types of permission on a file (folder or anything but to keep things simple we will be using file).
Read (r)=4
Write(w)=2
Execute(x)=1
So if you want to give only read permission on a file it will be assigned a value of ‘4‘, for write permission only, a value of ‘2‘ and for execute permission only, a value of ‘1‘ is to be given. For read and write permission 4+2 = ‘6‘ is to be given, ans so on.
Now permission need to be set for 3 kinds of user and usergroup. The first is owner, then usergroup and finally world.
rwxr-x–x abc.sh
Here the root’s permission is rwx (read, write and execute).
usergroup to which it belongs, is r-x (read and execute only, no write permission) and
for world is –x (only execute).
To change its permission and provide read, write and execute permission to owner, group and world.
chmod 777 abc.sh
only read and write permission to all three.
chmod 666 abc.sh
read, write and execute to owner and only execute to group and world.
chmod 711 abc.sh
Note: one of the most important commands useful for sysadmin and user both. On a multi-user environment or on a server, this command comes to rescue, setting wrong permission will either make a file inaccessible or provide unauthorized access to someone.
6.tar Command
The “tar” command is a Tape Archive is useful in creation of archive, in a number of file format and their extraction.
tar -zxvf abc.tar.gz (Remember 'z' for .tar.gz) tar -jxvf abc.tar.bz2 (Remember 'j' for .tar.bz2) tar -cvf archieve.tar.gz(.bz2) /path/to/folder/abc
Note: A ‘tar.gz‘ means gzipped. ‘tar.bz2‘ is compressed with bzip which uses a better but slower compression method.
7.cp Command
The “copy” stands for (Copy), it copies a file from one location to another location.
cp /home/user/Downloads abc.tar.gz /home/user/Desktop Note: cp is one of the most commonly used command in shell scripting and it can be used with wildcard characters (Describe in the above block), for customised and desired file copying.
8.mv Command
The “mv” command moves a file from one location to another location.
mv /home/user/Downloads abc.tar.gz /home/user/Desktop
Note: mv command can be used with wildcard characters. mv should be used with caution, as moving of system/unauthorised file may lead to security as well as breakdown of system.
9.pwd Command
The command “pwd” (print working directory), prints the current working directory with full path name from terminal.
Note: This command won’t be much frequently used in scripting but it is an absolute life saver for newbie who gets lost in terminal in their early connection with nux. (Linux is most commonly referred as nux or nix).
10.cd Command
Finally, the frequently used “cd” command stands for (change directory), it change the working directory to execute, copy, move write, read, etc. from terminal itself.
cd /home/user/Desktop pwd /home/user/Desktop
Note: cd comes to rescue when switching between directories from terminal. “Cd ~” will change the working directory to user’s home directory, and is very useful if a user finds himself lost in terminal. “Cd ..” will change the working directory to parent directory (of current working directory).
Now I will leave you with few more commands
File Operations:
pwd Print Name Of Current/Working Directory
The pwd is an acronym for print working directory. The pwd command is considered as one of the most frequently used commands on Linux, AIX, HP-UX, *BSD, and other UNIX like operating systems along with the ls, and cd commands. It can be used for the following purposes under Apple OS X or UNIX or Linux operating systems:
- Find the full path to the current directory.
- Store the full path to the current directory in the shell variable.
- Verify the absolute path.
- Verify the physical path i.e exclude.
- cd Changing The Working Directory
- cp Copy Files Or Directory
- rm Remove Files And Directory
- ls List Of Directory Contents
- mkdir Make Directory
- cat Concatenate Files And Print On Standard Output
- mv Move Files
- chmod Change Files Permissions
Know Your System
- uname Print System Information
- who Show Who Is Logged On
- cal Displays Calculator
- date Print System Date And Time
- df Report File System Disk Space Usage
- du Estimate File Space Usage
- ps Displays Information Of Current Active Processes
- kill Allows To Kills Process
- clear Clear The Terminal Screen
- cat /proc/cpuinfo Cpuinfo Display CPU Information
- cat /proc/meminfo Display Memory Information
Compression commands
- tar Store and Extract Files From An Archive File
- gzip Compress Or Decompress Named Files
Network commands
- ifconfig To Config Network Interface
- ping Check Other System are reachable from The Host System
- wget Download Files From Network
- ssh Remote Login Program
- ftp Download/Upload Files From/To Remote System
- last Displays List Of Last Logged In User
- telnet Used To Communicate With Another Host Using THe Telnet Protocol
Searching Files commands
- grep Search Files(s) For Specific Text
- find Search For Files In A Directory Hierarchy
- locate Find Files By Name
again those are not just kali linux commands those commands work in every Linux system
make sure to check the updated Basic Kali Linux Commands 2020 in this article
Comments
rm Remove Files And Directory rm [OPTION]… FILE…
-f, –force Ignore nonexistant files, and never prompt before removing.
-i Prompt before every removal.
-I Prompt once before removing more than three files, or when removing recursively. Less intrusive than -i, while still giving protection against most mistakes.
-r, -R, –recursive Remove directories and their contents recursively. rm examples rm myfile.txt
rm -f myfile.txt
rm -r mydirectory
rm -rf mydirectory
rm /home/chope/file.txt
/dev/sda1: clean, 339212/4079616 files. 2657456/16302080 blocks
[FAILED] failed to start LSB: virtualbox linux addition.
see ‘systemct1 status virtualbox-guest-utils.service’ for details i saw this error when i reboot the system