Kali linux virtualbox логин пароль

Install Kali Linux in Oracle’s Virtual Box

The thought of having to install and setup your Kali Linux operating system using Virtualization software might seem daunting at first, especially when you are new to the use of Linux in a virtual system. If this your first time, you will need a clear and simple guide, because any mistake in the installation and setup might cause the software to malfunction. This blog covers the step by step guide on how to download and install Kali Linux Operating System in your Oracle VirtualBox.

Introduction to Linux

Kali Linux is a Debian-derived Linux distribution designed for digital forensics and penetration testing. It is maintained and funded by Offensive Security.

Kali Linux is mainly used for advanced Penetration Testing and Security Auditing. Kali contains several hundred tools which are geared towards various information security tasks, such as Penetration Testing, Security research, Computer Forensics and Reverse Engineering.

Download Kali Linux Image

First, you will need to download Kali Linux to your computer. You can download Kali from here

On the home page, click the Downloads link at the top section of the page. On the downloads page get to the Installer Images section. You can choose between the options of Kali for 64bit or 32bit processor.
To determine the processor type on your computer go to Control Panel > System and Security > System

You have the choice of downloading directly or via torrent. If you click the download icon, Kali will download directly to your system , and will be placed on your download folder. The torrent download option is the peer-to-peer download used by many file-sharing sites. You will need BitTorrent for this. The Kali file will then be downloaded to the folder that the torrent application stores its downloads.

What is Virtual Machine

A Virtual Machine is a software that allows you to run multiple operating systems on your computer without affecting your computer’s operating system. This means that you can have a Windows or Mac OS computer and still be able to run a virtual machine of Kali Linux inside that operating system. You don’t need to overwrite your existing OS.
Many virtual machine options are available, but here you will get to see how to download and install Oracle’s free VirtualBox

Download & Installation of VirtualBox

You can download VirtualBox here

Then click Downloads on the Downloads page and select the VirtualBox package for your current operating system, make sure you download the latest version.

When the download is completed, click the setup file and it opens up to the setup wizard. Click Next and you should see a Custom Setup Screen. From this Screen, simply click Next. Keep clicking Next until you get to the network interfaces screen warning and then click Yes.
Click install to begin the process. When the installation is complete, click Finish.

Setup of VirtualBox

Your VirtualBox should be open once it’s installed. If not, open it and you should see the VirtualBox Manager. Since you will be creating a new virtual machine with Kali Linux.

• Click New in the upper right corner. This opens a Create a Virtual Machine dialog. Give your machine a name, You can call it “Kali”.
• Select Linux from the Type drop-down menu. Then select Debian(64-bit) from the Version on the menu unless you are using the 32-bit version of Kali, then you will need to select Debian(32-bit).
• Click on Next, You will see a small screen where you will need to select how much RAM you want to allocate to this virtual machine.

It is advisable to use just 25% of your total system’s RAM. That means if you have 4GB on your physical system then select just 1GB for your virtual machine. If you have 16GB on your physical system then select 4GB for your virtual machine and so on.

• Click on Next and you will get to the Hard Disk Screen. Choose create Virtual HardDisk and click Create, then on the next Screen select Virtual HardDisk (VHD) out of the other options.
• On the next screen select Dynamically Allocated as you want the space on the virtual hard drive to be available until it’s needed. Click on Next and you will choose the amount of hard drive space to allocate to the VM and the location of the VM. The default is 8GB, but it’s recommended that you allocate 20 — 25GB at least.

Remember if you choose to dynamically allocate hard drive space, it won’t use the space until needed. This is better than having to expand your hard drive after it has already been allocated.
Click on Create and you’re ready to go!

Installing Kali on the Virtual Box

At this time, you should see a screen like this and the indication that the Kali VM is powered off.

• To install the Kali, first click the Start button (The green icon). The VirtualBox will ask where to find the startup disk. You should have already downloaded the Kali Linux disk image with the extension .iso following the steps outlined above. It should be located in your Downloads folder, unless you used torrent to download then it should be in the downloads folder of your torrent application. Click the folder icon to the right, navigate to the downloads folder and select the Kali image file. Then click Start.

Congratulations, you have just installed Kali Linux on a virtual machine!

If you get an error while installing Kali into your VirtualBox, then it’s likely because you don’t have virtualization enabled in your system’s BIOS. Each system and its BIOS is slightly different so it’s best you make a quick search online to get virtualization enabled in your system or to shut down any other competing virtualization software.

Setting Up Kali

Kali will now open a screen showing you several startup choices. Graphical Install is ideal for beginners, because it gives you Desktop access instead of just the terminal. You should select graphical install, use your keyboard keys to navigate the menu.

• You will be asked to select Language, ensure you select a language that you will be comfortable working with then click Continue. Next select your location and click Continue and then select the keyboard layout based on your preference.
• The setup will now probe your network interfaces, and next the screen prompts you to enter a hostname for your system. You can name it anything you want or leave the default “kali”
• Next you will be asked to provide a Domain name, this is optional, so you can click Continue to skip.
• Next you will need to create the user account for the system (Full name, username and a strong password).
• Next you will need to set your Time Zone.
• After this, you will need to choose from the partition disks options. Choose Guided — use entire disk, and Kali will detect your hard drives and set up a partitioner automatically.
• Next click Continue to select the disk to be partitioned and ignore the warning from Kali that states that all the data on the disk will be erased because the disk is new and empty, so it won’t erase anything.
• Depending on your needs, you can choose to keep all your files in a single partition or to have separate partitions for one or more of the top-level directories. For beginners it’s recommended that you choose a single partition, so simply select All files in one partition.
• Next you will have the chance to go through your options on disk configuration once again, once satisfied, click Yes and Continue.

Kali will now begin installing the operating system, this could take a while.

• Once completely installed, you will be prompted to enter proxy information, you can leave it blank and click Continue.
• Next, on the software selection screen, click Continue as the default selections have already been made.
• Next confirm to install the GRUB boot loader, you will be prompted to choose whether you want to install the GRUB bootloader automatically or manually, select Enter Device Manually then select the available hard drive for the installation and click Continue.
• Click to the next screen and you should see that the installation is completed.

Congratulations you have successfully installed and completed the set up of Kali Linux on your Virtual Machine!

Kali will attempt to reboot and after a little while you should see Kali’s login screen, enter your Username and Password.
After logging in you should see the Kali Linux Desktop screen!

Conclusion

Now, you have a virtual machine running a Linux OS within your host OS. You can now choose to learn the basic commands in Linux and play around with it a bit.

I hope you found this article helpful. Kindly let me know what you think as this is my first tech article.

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Этичный хакинг и тестирование на проникновение, информационная безопасность

Пароли по умолчанию в Kali Linux

Рассмотрим, какие в Kali Linux стандартные (дефолтные) пароли и как их поменять.

Пароль пользователя Kali Linux

Какой пароль Kali Linux LIVE

При загрузке LIVE образа учётные данные для входа не требуются. Запуск команд с sudo также не требует паролей.

Но если появилось блокировки, то для этого окна нужно вводить пароль «kali».

Какой пароль по умолчанию в Kali Linux

При установке системы вам будет предложено создать учётную запись пользователя — имя пользователя и пароль для него. Эти учётные данные в дальнейшем будут использоваться для входа в систему.

Если появилось блокировки, то для этого окна нужно вводить пароль вашего пользователя, который вы используете для входа в систему.

Как войти в Amazon EC2

Пользователь: kali

Как поменять свой пароль в Kali Linux

Для смены своего пароля запустите команду:

введите старый пароль, а затем два раза новый пароль.

Как поменять пароль для другого пользователя в Kali Linux

Чтобы поменять пароль для другого пользователя, запустите команду вида:

Какой пароль у root в Kali Linux

По умолчанию пароль root не установлен. Чтобы его установить выполните команду:

После этого вы можете войти как пользователь root.

Что делать, если забыл пароль от Kali Linux

Дефолтный пароль Kali Linux в VMware и ARM образах

Во всех официальных образах, в том числе VMware и ARM, стандартными учётными данными являются:

Пользователь: kali

Пароль: kali

Пароль образа Vagrant

Имя пользователя: vagrant

Пароль: vagrant

Пароль Kali Linux в SSH

Пароль SSH точно такой же как и пароль у пользователя в системе. Т.е. в стандартных образах имя пользователя и пароль kali. После установки системы или смены пароля пользователя, при подключении по SSH используйте пароль вашей учётной записи в системе.

Рекомендуется настроить вход с использованием файлов ключей, подробности смотрите в «SSH (ч.4): Создание и настройка ключей OpenSSH».

Стандартные учётные данные в инструментах

Некоторые инструменты, поставляемые с Kali, будут использовать свои собственные дефолтные учётные данные (другие сгенерируют новый пароль при первом его использовании). Следующие инструменты имеют пароли по умолчанию:

BeEF-XSS

Имя пользователя: beef

Пароль: beef

Конфигурационный файл: /etc/beef-xss/config.yaml

MySQL

Пользователь: root

Для первоначальной настройки программы и установки пароля пользователя root, запустите команду:

mysql_secure_installation

Если вы уже установили пароль MySQL в Kali Linux, но забыли его, то смотрите статью «Как сменить пароль рута MySQL в Kali Linux».

PostgreSQL

Пользователь: postgres

Пароль: postgres

Как поменять пароль PostgreSQL

sudo systemctl start postgresql.service sudo -u postgres psql postgres

В приглашении psql введите команду:

\password postgres Введите новый пароль:

OpenVAS

Имя пользователя: admin

Для настройки программы выполните команду:

Metasploit-Framework

В официальной документации сказано:

Имя пользователя: postgres

Пароль: postgres

Конфигурационный файл: /usr/share/metasploit-framework/config/database.yml

Но при попытке подключения из msfconsole с этими учётными данными возникает ошибка:

Error while running command db_connect: Failed to connect to the Postgres data service: ВАЖНО: пользователь "postgres" не прошёл проверку подлинности (Peer)

Ещё один вариант ошибки, если не указать пароль:

Error while running command db_connect: Failed to connect to the Postgres data service: fe_sendauth: no password supplied

Для её исправления можно поступить следующим образом. Запускаем службу PostgreSQL, создаём нового пользователя (имя user) с паролем и создаём базу данных (названа metasploit) от имени этого пользователя:

sudo systemctl start postgresql.service sudo -u postgres createuser user -W sudo -u postgres createdb -O user metasploit

Затем (замените user на имя пользователя, а user_pass на пароль пользователя):

msfconsole db_connect user:user_pass@localhost/metasploit db_status

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