Killing jobs in linux

Linux: kill background task

This is in the overlap region between SO and SU, but I think it fits better here on SO. My criteria for thinking this way is that if @flybywire is doing this in a script, it’s programming. If he just wanted to do it from the command line I’d say it belongs on SU.

8 Answers 8

You can kill by job number. When you put a task in the background you’ll see something like:

That [1] is the job number and can be referenced like:

$ kill %1 $ kill %% # Most recent background job 

To see a list of job numbers use the jobs command. More from man bash :

There are a number of ways to refer to a job in the shell. The character % introduces a job name. Job number n may be referred to as %n . A job may also be referred to using a prefix of the name used to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command line. For example, %ce refers to a stopped ce job. If a prefix matches more than one job, bash reports an error. Using %?ce , on the other hand, refers to any job containing the string ce in its command line. If the substring matches more than one job, bash reports an error. The symbols %% and %+ refer to the shell’s notion of the current job, which is the last job stopped while it was in the foreground or started in the background. The previous job may be referenced using %- . In output pertaining to jobs (e.g., the output of the jobs command), the current job is always flagged with a + , and the previous job with a — . A single % (with no accompanying job specification) also refers to the current job.

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Kill All Stopped Jobs Linux

In Linux, a job refers to a process started and managed by the shell. That can be a single command, a long and complex shell command including pipes and redirections, an executable, or a script. Each job in Linux is managed by assigning a sequential job IP associated with a specific process.

A key concept to understand about Linux jobs is their statuses. There are two main statuses for Linux jobs:

Foreground Jobs

A foreground job refers to a command or a program executed in the shell and occupies the terminal session until it completes. An example would be launching a file manager or browser in the terminal

For example, the following screenshot shows a terminal window with a foreground job.

In the above image, the shell prompt is unavailable until the Firefox window closes.

Background Jobs

The opposite of foreground is background jobs. To initiate a job in the shell as a background job, we use the ampersand (&) symbol. Using this tells the shell to put whatever commands come before the ampersand in the background and immediately show the shell prompt.

The example below shows how to put the Firefox job (in the above example) in the background.

As you can see, the shell prompt is now available despite Firefox still running.

You will notice numerical values displayed for background jobs. The first one, indicated by square brackets ([]), shows the job ID, while the other value indicates the PID of the process associated with the job.

How To Manage Background Jobs

The jobs command handles job control. This allows you to view the jobs in the background.

Executing the above command shows background jobs as shown below:

Starting on the left side, we have the Job ID.

Following immediately after the brackets is the plus (+) or minus (-) sign. The plus sign indicates this is the current job, while the minus number shows the next job.

The next bracket shows the state of the job. That can be running, stopped, terminated, done, or exit with a status code.

Finally, the last part shows the actual name of the job.

Show jobs with PID

To show background jobs with their corresponding PID values, we use the -l flag as:

That will show the background jobs with their PID values, as shown in the image below.

Background jobs with output

Suppose we have a job that we want to run in the background that dumps an output on the screen. For example, in the above example, I put the apt command, which has a lot of output in the background, without messing up my terminal.

To do this, you can redirect the output in /dev/null as:

How to Bring Background Job to Foreground

We can bring background jobs to the foreground by using the fg command. For example, to bring the firefox job with Job ID of 1 to the background, we can do:

That will bring the job to the foreground as:

Jobs Command Options

The jobs command does not have a lot of options.

We have already discussed the -l to show the jobs with their process IDs.

Other options you can pass to the job command include:

• -n – This shows the jobs that have changed their status since the last notification. For example, a job that has changed from a running to a stopped state.
• -p – Lists only the PIDs of the jobs.
• -r –running jobs only
• -s – Shows only stopped jobs.

How to Terminate or Kill Jobs

We can terminate jobs using the kill command followed by either the job ID, a substring, or the process ID.

Kill using job id

To kill a job with the job ID, we use the % followed by the id value as:

This will kill the current job; this is similar to %+.

Kill a Job with a substring

Killing a job with a substring, prefix the substring with %? followed by the substring value as:

NOTE: Linux executes jobs concurrently. That means it jumps back and forth between available jobs until they complete. Hence, terminating a terminal session with jobs running will terminate all your jobs.

You do not have to worry about this if you use a terminal multiplexer like tmux or screen, as you can reattach them.

How to Kill Stopped Jobs

For us to kill all stopped jobs, we need to tie two commands together. The first will get the PIDs of all stopped jobs, and the next will kill all the jobs provided.

To view the stopped jobs, we use the command

This command shows all the stopped jobs.

Having this, we can get the PIDs of the stopped jobs and pipe them to kill command as:

This will kill all the stopped jobs.

Conclusion

This tutorial went over the concepts of job control in Linux and how to get information about the jobs. It is good to note that job control may not be available depending on your shell of choice.

Thank you for reading & Happy Shells.

About the author

John Otieno

My name is John and am a fellow geek like you. I am passionate about all things computers from Hardware, Operating systems to Programming. My dream is to share my knowledge with the world and help out fellow geeks. Follow my content by subscribing to LinuxHint mailing list

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kill jobs linux

You can terminate Unix jobs in different ways. A simple way is to bring the job to foreground and terminate it, with control-c for example. If the -2 signal does not work, the process may be blocked or may be executing improperly. In this case, use -1 (SIGHUP), -15 (SIGTERM), and then at last resort -9 (SIGKILL).

How do I kill background jobs in Linux?

EDIT: Once in the foreground, you can Ctrl + C , or as @Zelda mentions, kill with the ‘%x’ where ‘x’ is the job number will send the default signal (most likely SIGTERM in the case of Linux). just type fg to bring it to the foreground, if it was the last process you backgrounded (with ‘&’).

How do I kill a port process?

1. Run command-line as an Administrator. Then run the below mention command. netstat -ano | findstr : port number. .
2. Then you execute this command after identify the PID. taskkill /PID typeyourPIDhere /F.

Does Ctrl C kill process?

CTRL + C is the signal with name SIGINT . The default action for handling each signal is defined in the kernel too, and usually it terminates the process that received the signal. All signals (but SIGKILL ) can be handled by program.

How do you kill a PID in Unix?

1. Step 1 – Find out the PID (process id) of the lighttpd. Use the ps or pidof command to find out PID for any program. .
2. Step 2 – kill the process using a PID. The PID # 3486 is assigned to the lighttpd process. .
3. Step 3 – How to verify that the process is gone/killed.

How do I run a job in Unix?

1. To run the count program, which will display the process identification number of the job, enter: count &
2. To check the status of your job, enter: jobs.
3. To bring a background process to the foreground, enter: fg.
4. If you have more than one job suspended in the background, enter: fg %#

How do you kill a batch job in Unix?

Look for the process that you want to kill. Note the process ID which is the second column. You get the OS process to kill by looking at the v$process. spid column (not pid !).

What is job control in Linux?

Job control is a facility developed to make this possible, by allowing the user to start processes in the background, send already running processes into the background, bring background processes into the foreground, and suspend or terminate processes.

How do I see stopped jobs in Linux?

If you want to see what those jobs are, use the ‘jobs’ command. Just type: jobs You will see a listing, which may look like this: [1] — Stopped foo [2] + Stopped bar If you want to continue using one of the jobs in the list, use the ‘fg’ command.

How do I kill a port 3000 process?

How do I kill a port 8080 process?

How can I tell if port 8080 is open?

1. Hold down the Windows key and press the R key to open the Run dialog.
2. Type “cmd” and click OK in the Run dialog.
3. Verify the Command Prompt opens.
4. Type “netstat -a -n -o | find «8080»». A list of processes using port 8080 are displayed.

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