Debian: простое превращение i386 в amd64
Это краткая статья о том, как без переустановки организовать 64-битную архитектуру на вашем 32-битном Debian/Deabian-based дистрибутиве (который вы могли по-невнимательности загрузить вместо 64bit).
* Ваше железо должно изначально поддерживать amd64, магию творить никто не собирается.
* Это может повредить систему, так что действуйте очень осторожно.
* Всё проверялось на Debian10-buster-i386.
* Не делайте этого, если хоть что-то здесь не понимаете.
Dpkg, apt и sources.list
Сразу к делу, если вы сумaсшедший всё взвесили, начинаем подготовку пакетов (в принципе здесь порядок не имеет значения, но по пунктам удобнее)
1. Выбираем amd64 в /etc/apt/sources.list, вставляя ‘ [arch=amd64] ‘ между deb\deb-src и URL
# Base reps deb [arch=amd64] http://deb.debian.org/debian/ buster main contrib non-free deb-src [arch=amd64] http://deb.debian.org/debian/ buster main contrib non-free # Update reps deb [arch=amd64] http://deb.debian.org/debian/ buster-updates main deb-src [arch=amd64] http://deb.debian.org/debian/ buster-updates main # Security reps deb [arch=amd64] http://security.debian.org/debian-security/ buster/updates main deb-src [arch=amd64] http://security.debian.org/debian-security/ buster/updates mainЭто нужно для того, чтобы в будущем загружались только 64-х битные пакеты.
2.Добавляем amd64 в dpkg, чтобы он не ругался:
$ sudo dpkg --add-architecture amd643.Обновляем список пакетов:
Ядро
Разумеется всё это не имеет смысла без 64-х битного ядра, поэтому устанавливаем его:
$ sudo apt install linux-headers-$VERSION-amd64 linux-image-amd64Место $VERSION подставить нужную версию ядра.
После установки ядра grub перенастроится автоматически.
Завершение
После перезагрузки наша система уже сможет работать с amd64, но с пакетами могут возникнуть некоторые проблемы. У меня для их решения было достаточно выполнить данные команды:
$ sudo apt --fix-broken install $ sudo apt full-upgradeХотя сильно на этот счёт беспокоиться тоже не стоит — все нужные пакеты со временем сами установятся как зависимости, а ненужные удаляются так:
После приведённых выше операций можно опять поправить sources.list, убрав ‘ [arch=amd64] ‘,
чтобы с пакетами не было проблем.
Теперь в вашем распоряжении находится 64-битная система!
Ubuntu 16.04.7 LTS (Xenial Xerus)
Ubuntu is distributed on two types of images described below.
Desktop image
The desktop image allows you to try Ubuntu without changing your computer at all, and at your option to install it permanently later. This type of image is what most people will want to use. You will need at least 384MiB of RAM to install from this image.
Choose this if you have a computer based on the AMD64 or EM64T architecture (e.g., Athlon64, Opteron, EM64T Xeon, Core 2). Choose this if you are at all unsure.
For almost all PCs. This includes most machines with Intel/AMD/etc type processors and almost all computers that run Microsoft Windows, as well as newer Apple Macintosh systems based on Intel processors.
Server install image
The server install image allows you to install Ubuntu permanently on a computer for use as a server. It will not install a graphical user interface.
Choose this if you have a computer based on the AMD64 or EM64T architecture (e.g., Athlon64, Opteron, EM64T Xeon, Core 2). Choose this if you are at all unsure.
For almost all PCs. This includes most machines with Intel/AMD/etc type processors and almost all computers that run Microsoft Windows, as well as newer Apple Macintosh systems based on Intel processors.
For ARM hardware for which we do not ship preinstalled images, see ARM/Server/Install for detailed installation information.
A full list of available files, including BitTorrent files, can be found below.
If you need help burning these images to disk, see the Image Burning Guide.
| Name | Last modified | Size | Description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parent Directory | — | |||
| MD5SUMS | 2019-02-28 16:54 | 264 | ||
| MD5SUMS-metalink | 2019-02-28 16:54 | 284 | ||
| MD5SUMS-metalink.gpg | 2019-02-28 16:54 | 916 | ||
| MD5SUMS.gpg | 2019-02-28 16:54 | 916 | ||
| SHA1SUMS | 2019-02-28 16:54 | 296 | ||
| SHA1SUMS.gpg | 2019-02-28 16:54 | 916 | ||
| SHA256SUMS | 2020-08-13 16:09 | 392 | ||
| SHA256SUMS.gpg | 2020-08-13 16:09 | 833 | ||
| ubuntu-16.04.6-desktop-i386.iso | 2019-02-27 10:16 | 1.6G | Ubuntu 16.04.7 LTS (Xenial Xerus) | |
| ubuntu-16.04.6-desktop-i386.iso.torrent | 2019-02-28 16:52 | 63K | Ubuntu 16.04.7 LTS (Xenial Xerus) | |
| ubuntu-16.04.6-desktop-i386.iso.zsync | 2019-02-28 16:52 | 3.1M | Ubuntu 16.04.7 LTS (Xenial Xerus) | |
| ubuntu-16.04.6-desktop-i386.list | 2019-02-27 10:16 | 3.8K | Ubuntu 16.04.7 LTS (Xenial Xerus) | |
| ubuntu-16.04.6-desktop-i386.manifest | 2019-02-27 00:10 | 67K | Ubuntu 16.04.7 LTS (Xenial Xerus) | |
| ubuntu-16.04.6-desktop-i386.metalink | 2019-02-28 16:54 | 48K | Ubuntu 16.04.7 LTS (Xenial Xerus) | |
| ubuntu-16.04.6-server-i386.iso | 2019-02-27 00:10 | 837M | Ubuntu 16.04.7 LTS (Xenial Xerus) | |
| ubuntu-16.04.6-server-i386.iso.torrent | 2019-02-28 15:52 | 33K | Ubuntu 16.04.7 LTS (Xenial Xerus) | |
| ubuntu-16.04.6-server-i386.iso.zsync | 2019-02-28 15:52 | 1.6M | Ubuntu 16.04.7 LTS (Xenial Xerus) | |
| ubuntu-16.04.6-server-i386.jigdo | 2019-02-28 15:52 | 134K | Ubuntu 16.04.7 LTS (Xenial Xerus) | |
| ubuntu-16.04.6-server-i386.list | 2019-02-27 00:10 | 96K | Ubuntu 16.04.7 LTS (Xenial Xerus) | |
| ubuntu-16.04.6-server-i386.manifest | 2019-02-27 00:01 | 5.3K | Ubuntu 16.04.7 LTS (Xenial Xerus) | |
| ubuntu-16.04.6-server-i386.metalink | 2019-02-28 16:54 | 48K | Ubuntu 16.04.7 LTS (Xenial Xerus) | |
| ubuntu-16.04.6-server-i386.template | 2019-02-27 00:10 | 83M | Ubuntu 16.04.7 LTS (Xenial Xerus) | |
| ubuntu-16.04.7-desktop-amd64.iso | 2020-08-06 23:07 | 1.6G | Desktop image for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (standard download) | |
| ubuntu-16.04.7-desktop-amd64.iso.torrent | 2020-08-13 15:44 | 127K | Desktop image for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (BitTorrent download) | |
| ubuntu-16.04.7-desktop-amd64.iso.zsync | 2020-08-13 15:44 | 3.2M | Desktop image for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (zsync metafile) | |
| ubuntu-16.04.7-desktop-amd64.list | 2020-08-06 23:07 | 4.3K | Desktop image for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (file listing) | |
| ubuntu-16.04.7-desktop-amd64.manifest | 2020-08-06 23:03 | 68K | Desktop image for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (contents of live filesystem) | |
| ubuntu-16.04.7-server-amd64.iso | 2020-08-10 18:24 | 880M | Server install image for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (standard download) | |
| ubuntu-16.04.7-server-amd64.iso.torrent | 2020-08-13 16:00 | 69K | Server install image for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (BitTorrent download) | |
| ubuntu-16.04.7-server-amd64.iso.zsync | 2020-08-13 16:00 | 1.7M | Server install image for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (zsync metafile) | |
| ubuntu-16.04.7-server-amd64.jigdo | 2020-08-13 16:00 | 137K | Server install image for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (jigdo download) | |
| ubuntu-16.04.7-server-amd64.list | 2020-08-10 18:24 | 99K | Server install image for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (file listing) | |
| ubuntu-16.04.7-server-amd64.manifest | 2020-08-10 18:19 | 5.5K | Server install image for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (contents of live filesystem) | |
| ubuntu-16.04.7-server-amd64.template | 2020-08-10 18:24 | 87M | Server install image for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (jigdo template) |
© 2018 Canonical Ltd. Ubuntu and Canonical are registered trademarks of Canonical Ltd.
Ubuntu 14.04.6 LTS (Trusty Tahr)
Ubuntu is distributed on two types of images described below.
Desktop image
The desktop image allows you to try Ubuntu without changing your computer at all, and at your option to install it permanently later. This type of image is what most people will want to use. You will need at least 384MiB of RAM to install from this image.
Choose this if you have a computer based on the AMD64 or EM64T architecture (e.g., Athlon64, Opteron, EM64T Xeon, Core 2). If you have a non-64-bit processor made by AMD, or if you need full support for 32-bit code, use the i386 images instead. Choose this if you are at all unsure.
For almost all PCs. This includes most machines with Intel/AMD/etc type processors and almost all computers that run Microsoft Windows, as well as newer Apple Macintosh systems based on Intel processors.
Server install image
The server install image allows you to install Ubuntu permanently on a computer for use as a server. It will not install a graphical user interface.
Choose this if you have a computer based on the AMD64 or EM64T architecture (e.g., Athlon64, Opteron, EM64T Xeon, Core 2). If you have a non-64-bit processor made by AMD, or if you need full support for 32-bit code, use the i386 images instead. Choose this if you are at all unsure.
For almost all PCs. This includes most machines with Intel/AMD/etc type processors and almost all computers that run Microsoft Windows, as well as newer Apple Macintosh systems based on Intel processors.
A full list of available files, including BitTorrent files, can be found below.
If you need help burning these images to disk, see the Image Burning Guide.
| Name | Last modified | Size | Description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parent Directory | — | |||
| MD5SUMS | 2019-03-07 15:07 | 307 | ||
| MD5SUMS-metalink | 2019-03-07 14:48 | 568 | ||
| MD5SUMS-metalink.gpg | 2019-03-07 14:48 | 916 | ||
| MD5SUMS.gpg | 2019-03-07 15:07 | 916 | ||
| SHA1SUMS | 2019-03-07 15:07 | 347 | ||
| SHA1SUMS.gpg | 2019-03-07 15:07 | 916 | ||
| SHA256SUMS | 2019-03-07 15:07 | 467 | ||
| SHA256SUMS.gpg | 2019-03-07 15:07 | 916 | ||
| ubuntu-14.04.6-desktop-amd64.iso | 2019-03-04 23:50 | 1.1G | Desktop image for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (standard download) | |
| ubuntu-14.04.6-desktop-amd64.iso.torrent | 2019-03-07 14:47 | 43K | Desktop image for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (BitTorrent download) | |
| ubuntu-14.04.6-desktop-amd64.iso.zsync | 2019-03-07 14:47 | 2.2M | Desktop image for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (zsync metafile) | |
| ubuntu-14.04.6-desktop-amd64.list | 2019-03-04 23:50 | 4.5K | Desktop image for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (file listing) | |
| ubuntu-14.04.6-desktop-amd64.manifest | 2019-03-04 23:44 | 60K | Desktop image for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (contents of live filesystem) | |
| ubuntu-14.04.6-desktop-amd64.metalink | 2019-03-07 14:48 | 48K | Ubuntu 14.04.6 LTS (Trusty Tahr) | |
| ubuntu-14.04.6-desktop-i386.iso | 2019-03-04 23:52 | 1.1G | Desktop image for 32-bit PC (i386) computers (standard download) | |
| ubuntu-14.04.6-desktop-i386.iso.torrent | 2019-03-07 14:47 | 44K | Desktop image for 32-bit PC (i386) computers (BitTorrent download) | |
| ubuntu-14.04.6-desktop-i386.iso.zsync | 2019-03-07 14:47 | 2.2M | Desktop image for 32-bit PC (i386) computers (zsync metafile) | |
| ubuntu-14.04.6-desktop-i386.list | 2019-03-04 23:52 | 3.8K | Desktop image for 32-bit PC (i386) computers (file listing) | |
| ubuntu-14.04.6-desktop-i386.manifest | 2019-03-04 23:46 | 60K | Desktop image for 32-bit PC (i386) computers (contents of live filesystem) | |
| ubuntu-14.04.6-desktop-i386.metalink | 2019-03-07 14:48 | 47K | Ubuntu 14.04.6 LTS (Trusty Tahr) | |
| ubuntu-14.04.6-server-amd64.iso | 2019-03-04 23:49 | 632M | Server install image for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (standard download) | |
| ubuntu-14.04.6-server-amd64.iso.torrent | 2019-03-07 14:43 | 25K | Server install image for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (BitTorrent download) | |
| ubuntu-14.04.6-server-amd64.iso.zsync | 2019-03-07 14:43 | 1.2M | Server install image for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (zsync metafile) | |
| ubuntu-14.04.6-server-amd64.jigdo | 2019-03-07 14:43 | 127K | Server install image for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (jigdo download) | |
| ubuntu-14.04.6-server-amd64.list | 2019-03-04 23:49 | 92K | Server install image for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (file listing) | |
| ubuntu-14.04.6-server-amd64.manifest | 2019-03-04 23:36 | 5.5K | Server install image for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (contents of live filesystem) | |
| ubuntu-14.04.6-server-amd64.metalink | 2019-03-07 14:48 | 47K | Ubuntu 14.04.6 LTS (Trusty Tahr) | |
| ubuntu-14.04.6-server-amd64.template | 2019-03-04 23:49 | 68M | Server install image for 64-bit PC (AMD64) computers (jigdo template) | |
| ubuntu-14.04.6-server-i386.iso | 2019-03-04 23:51 | 609M | Server install image for 32-bit PC (i386) computers (standard download) | |
| ubuntu-14.04.6-server-i386.iso.torrent | 2019-03-07 14:44 | 24K | Server install image for 32-bit PC (i386) computers (BitTorrent download) | |
| ubuntu-14.04.6-server-i386.iso.zsync | 2019-03-07 14:44 | 1.2M | Server install image for 32-bit PC (i386) computers (zsync metafile) | |
| ubuntu-14.04.6-server-i386.jigdo | 2019-03-07 14:44 | 123K | Server install image for 32-bit PC (i386) computers (jigdo download) | |
| ubuntu-14.04.6-server-i386.list | 2019-03-04 23:51 | 89K | Server install image for 32-bit PC (i386) computers (file listing) | |
| ubuntu-14.04.6-server-i386.manifest | 2019-03-04 23:38 | 5.4K | Server install image for 32-bit PC (i386) computers (contents of live filesystem) | |
| ubuntu-14.04.6-server-i386.metalink | 2019-03-07 14:48 | 47K | Ubuntu 14.04.6 LTS (Trusty Tahr) | |
| ubuntu-14.04.6-server-i386.template | 2019-03-04 23:51 | 64M | Server install image for 32-bit PC (i386) computers (jigdo template) | |
| wubi.exe | 2014-04-14 16:04 | 2.4M |
© 2018 Canonical Ltd. Ubuntu and Canonical are registered trademarks of Canonical Ltd.