UbuntuBonding
Bonding, also called port trunking or link aggregation means combining several network interfaces (NICs) to a single link, providing either high-availability, load-balancing, maximum throughput, or a combination of these. See Wikipedia for details.
Installation
sudo apt-get install ifenslave
Interface Configuration
Step 1: Ensure kernel support
Before Ubuntu can configure your network cards into a NIC bond, you need to ensure that the correct kernel module bonding is present, and loaded at boot time.
Edit your /etc/modules configuration:
Ensure that the bonding module is loaded:
# /etc/modules: kernel modules to load at boot time. # # This file contains the names of kernel modules that should be loaded # at boot time, one per line. Lines beginning with "#" are ignored. loop lp rtc bonding
Note: Starting with Ubuntu 9.04, this step is optional if you are configuring bonding with ifup/ifdown. In this case, the bonding module is automatically loaded when the bond interface is brought up.
Step 2: Configure network interfaces
Ensure that your network is brought down:
Then load the bonding kernel module:
Now you are ready to configure your NICs.
- Pick which available NICs will be part of the bond.
- Configure all other NICs as usual
- Configure all bonded NICs:
- To be manually configured
- To join the named bond-master
Edit your interfaces configuration:
sudo vi /etc/network/interfaces
For example, to combine eth0 and eth1 as slaves to the bonding interface bond0 using a simple active-backup setup, with eth0 being the primary interface:
# eth0 is manually configured, and slave to the "bond0" bonded NIC auto eth0 iface eth0 inet manual bond-master bond0 bond-primary eth0 # eth1 ditto, thus creating a 2-link bond. auto eth1 iface eth1 inet manual bond-master bond0 # bond0 is the bonding NIC and can be used like any other normal NIC. # bond0 is configured using static network information. auto bond0 iface bond0 inet static address 192.168.1.10 gateway 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 bond-mode active-backup bond-miimon 100 bond-slaves none
The bond-primary directive, if needed, needs to be part of the slave description (eth0 in the example), instead of the master. Otherwise it will be ignored.
As another example, to combine eth0 and eth1 using the IEEE 802.3ad LACP bonding protocol:
# eth0 is manually configured, and slave to the "bond0" bonded NIC auto eth0 iface eth0 inet manual bond-master bond0 # eth1 ditto, thus creating a 2-link bond. auto eth1 iface eth1 inet manual bond-master bond0 # bond0 is the bonded NIC and can be used like any other normal NIC. # bond0 is configured using static network information. auto bond0 iface bond0 inet static address 192.168.1.10 gateway 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 # bond0 uses standard IEEE 802.3ad LACP bonding protocol bond-mode 4 bond-miimon 100 bond-lacp-rate 1 bond-slaves eth0 eth1
The bond statements in 12.04 are dashed instead of underscored. The config above is updated based on Stéphane Graber’s bonding example at : http://www.stgraber.org/download/complex-interfaces
The configuration as provided above works with Ubuntu 12.10 out of the box — michel-drescher, 10 Nov 2012
For bonding-specific networking options please consult the documentation available at BondingModuleDocumentation.
Finally, bring up your network again:
Checking the bonding interface
Link information is available under /proc/net/bonding/. To check bond0 for example:
# cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0 Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver: v3.5.0 (November 4, 2008) Bonding Mode: IEEE 802.3ad Dynamic link aggregation Transmit Hash Policy: layer2 (0) MII Status: up MII Polling Interval (ms): 100 Up Delay (ms): 0 Down Delay (ms): 0 802.3ad info LACP rate: fast Aggregator selection policy (ad_select): stable bond bond0 has no active aggregator Slave Interface: eth1 MII Status: up Link Failure Count: 0 Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:f5:b7:11 Aggregator ID: N/A Slave Interface: eth2 MII Status: up Link Failure Count: 0 Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:f5:b7:1b Aggregator ID: N/A
Bringing up/down bonding interface
To bring the bonding interface, run
To bring down a bonding interface, run
Ethernet Bonding modes
Ethernet bonding has different modes you can use. You specify the mode for your bonding interface in /etc/network/interfaces. For example:
Descriptions of bonding modes
Round-robin policy: Transmit packets in sequential order from the first available slave through the last. This mode provides load balancing and fault tolerance. Mode 1
Active-backup policy: Only one slave in the bond is active. A different slave becomes active if, and only if, the active slave fails. The bond’s MAC address is externally visible on only one port (network adapter) to avoid confusing the switch. This mode provides fault tolerance. The primary option affects the behavior of this mode. Mode 2
XOR policy: Transmit based on selectable hashing algorithm. The default policy is a simple source+destination MAC address algorithm. Alternate transmit policies may be selected via the xmit_hash_policy option, described below. This mode provides load balancing and fault tolerance. Mode 3
Broadcast policy: transmits everything on all slave interfaces. This mode provides fault tolerance. Mode 4
- Prerequisites:
- Ethtool support in the base drivers for retrieving the speed and duplex of each slave.
- A switch that supports IEEE 802.3ad Dynamic link aggregation. Most switches will require some type of configuration to enable 802.3ad mode.
Mode 5
- Prerequisites:
- Ethtool support in the base drivers for retrieving the speed of each slave.
Adaptive load balancing: includes balance-tlb plus receive load balancing (rlb) for IPV4 traffic, and does not require any special switch support. The receive load balancing is achieved by ARP negotiation. The bonding driver intercepts the ARP Replies sent by the local system on their way out and overwrites the source hardware address with the unique hardware address of one of the slaves in the bond such that different peers use different hardware addresses for the server.
Descriptions of balancing algorithm modes
The balancing algorithm is set with the xmit_hash_policy option.
layer2 Uses XOR of hardware MAC addresses to generate the hash. This algorithm will place all traffic to a particular network peer on the same slave.
layer2+3 Uses XOR of hardware MAC addresses and IP addresses to generate the hash. This algorithm will place all traffic to a particular network peer on the same slave.
layer3+4 This policy uses upper layer protocol information, when available, to generate the hash. This allows for traffic to a particular network peer to span multiple slaves, although a single connection will not span multiple slaves.
encap2+3 This policy uses the same formula as layer2+3 but it relies on skb_flow_dissect to obtain the header fields which might result in the use of inner headers if an encapsulation protocol is used.
encap3+4 This policy uses the same formula as layer3+4 but it relies on skb_flow_dissect to obtain the header fields which might result in the use of inner headers if an encapsulation protocol is used.
The default value is layer2. This option was added in bonding version 2.6.3. In earlier versions of bonding, this parameter does not exist, and the layer2 policy is the only policy. The layer2+3 value was added for bonding version 3.2.2.
UbuntuBonding (последним исправлял пользователь sbright 2017-11-07 14:58:45)
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