Linux command line dos

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Use the mtools programs to work with ms-dos based files, execute mtools for a full listing of available m* tools. There are a lot of files within the mtools package for working with ms-dos disks, also try the info documentation of mtools for more details.

Note that with mtools commands you can use the slashes on the a: part either way (ie. backslash (windows-style) or forward slash (UNIX system style)).

Formats an unmounted disk as an ms-dos floppy disk. Usage is similar to the ms-dos format utility, to format the first floppy disk you can type:

Copies files from an ms-dos disk when it’s not mounted. Similar to the ms-dos copy command except it’s more advanced.

mcopy a:/file_or_files /destination/directory

Mount an ms-dos disk, without using the normal UNIX system mount.

This will mount the floppy under /mnt/floppy (this option may or may not be necessary, it depends on your /etc/fstab setup).

Scans an ms-dos (fat formatted disk) for bad blocks, it marks any unused bad blocks as “bad” so they won’t be used.

This program is used to check and repair ms-dos based filesystems. Use the -a option to automatically repair the filesystem (ie don’t ask the user questions), the -t option to mark un-readable clusters as bad and the -v option to be more verbose (print more information).

This would check your floppy disk for any errors (and bad sectors) and repair them automatically.

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DOS to Unix: Commands and Examples

Files created in DOS/Windows use carriage return (\r) and line feed (\n) for line endings. However, files in Unix/Linux solely use line feed.

Therefore, when transferring a file from one system to another, make sure to convert the files.

In this tutorial, you will learn how to transfer files from DOS to Unix and vice-versa.

Converting Files on Linux

There are several ways you can transfer files to use the appropriate line endings. Convert the files using the:

dos2unix command
unix2dos command
sed command (see Linux sed command tutorial)
tr command
Vi/Vim text editor (see Vim commands cheat sheet)
perl one-liner command

Option 1: Converting DOS to UNIX with dos2unix Command

The simplest way to convert line breaks in a text file is to use the dos2unix tool.

Install the tool by running the command:

sudo apt install dos2unix

sudo dnf install dos2unix

If you download a file created in DOS/Windows onto your Linux system, you can convert it using the dos2unix command:

The command converts the file without saving it in the original format. If you want to save the original file, add the -b attribute before the file name. Doing so creates a backup file under the same name and the .bak extension.

Option 2: Converting UNIX to DOS using the unix2dos Command

To convert a file created on a Linux system into the DOS format, run the command:

Alternatively, add the -b attribute to save the original file as backup:

Option 3: Using the sed Command

You can also use the sed (stream editor) command to remove the carriage return line endings. The command syntax to do so is:

sed 's/^M$//' [original_file_name]>[converted_file_name]

Instead of just typing ^M , press Ctrl+V followed by Ctrl+M to enter the carriage return symbol. When using the sed command, specify the name of the DOS file [original_file_name] and how you want to name the converted file [converted_file_name] .

To change the file format from Unix to DOS, use the command:

sed 's/$/^M/' [original_file_name]>[converted_file_name]

Note: Learn more about sed by referring to our article How to Use Sed to Find and Replace a String in a File.

Option 4: Using the tr Command

Another way to convert a file into the Unix format is to remove \r line endings with the tr command. The tr command is a command line utility for translating or deleting characters.

Use the command in the following format:

tr -d '\r' < [original_file_name]>[converted_file_name]

Option 5: Using the Vim Text Editor

You can also remove carriage return line endings from files in DOS format using the Vi/Vim text editor.
Open the file in Vi/Vim:

Then press : and type in the following Vi/Vim command (making sure you type Ctrl+V then Ctrl+m instead of ^m ):

Option 6: Using a Perl One Liner

Lastly, you can use a Perl one-liner command to delete all \r line endings. Pearl on-liners are scripts that fit in a single line of code.

To replace all carriage return and line feed endings with just line feeds:

1. Open the file in the Vi/Vim text editor.

2. Press : to prompt the command line.

3. Type in the following command and press Enter:

perl -pi -e 's/\r\n/\n/g' [file_name]

You should see the the changes in the file right away.

Note: Need help finding files on your Linux system? Take a look at how to use the find command or how to show hidden files in Linux.

Example: Converting a Sample File from DOS to Unix Format

Let’s say you downloaded a file named sample-dos-file.

By opening the file using the Vim/Vi text editor, you would see that after each line ending there is ^M (a carriage return).

Another way to see the file uses both carriage return and line feed for line endings is to view the file in octal values.

The output displays the content of the file with its octal values, as in the image below. You can see that each line end is marked with the octal values 015 (\r) and 012 (\n).

Now, to convert the file and remove all carriage return endings, you would run the command:

Open the same file in Vim/Vi. It doesn’t include any ^M symbols signaling the line ending.

To confirm the file is in Unix format, you can also open view the content in octal values. The output should display just the 012 values for \n.

This article showed six ways to convert a DOS file into a Unix format and vice versa.

The simplest and recommended way is using the dos2unix command. If you cannot utilize dos2unix , you have five other options to choose from.

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DOS Descriptor/Operator	UNIX or Bash Descriptor/Operator	Description
\	/	Directory path delimiter
.\	./	Current directory
..\	../	Parent directory
ctrl-z	ctrl-d	End of file/close shell
ctrl-c	ctrl-c	Interrupt/process break
*	*	file name wild card
?	?	Single character wild card
%VAR%	$VAR	Variable prefix
%1 %2 %3	$1 $2 $3	First, second and third shell command line arguments.
/	—	Command line option flag prefix
\|	\|	Pipe
>	>	stdout redirection
>>	>>	stdout redirection overwrite
		stdin redirection

DOS Device	Linux Device	Description
NUL	/dev/null	Send into nothingness
CON	stdin	stdin from console
PRN LPT1	/dev/lp0	First printer device
COM1	/dev/ttyS0	Firsst serial port

MS/Windows Command	Linux Command	Description
C:\WINDOWS\cmd	gnome-terminal konsole	Command Text Terminal
C:\WINDOWS\explorer	nautilus —no-desktop	File browser
c:\Program Files\Internet Explorer\iexplore	firefox mozilla	Web browser
C:\WINDOWS\notepad C:\Program Files\Windows NT\Accessories\wordpad	gedit	Text editor
C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Office10\winword excel powerpnt	oowriter oocalc ooimpress	MS/Office and Open Office suites (ooffice)
C:\Program Files\Adobe\Acrobat 7.0\Reader\acrord32	acroread	Adobe PDF viewer
mspaint	tuxpaint xfig gimp	Graphics and painting program
C:\Program Files\WinZip\winzip32	file-roller	File compress / decompress / pack / unpack
taskmgr	ksysguard qps gnome-system-monitor xosview	Process and system load monitor

Предназначение команды	MS-DOS	Linux	Пример использования команды в Linux
Копировать файлы	копировать	cp	cp thisfile.txt /home/ thisdirectory
Переместить файлы	move	mv	mv thisfile.txt /home/ thisdirectory
Просмотреть список файлов	dir	ls	ls
Очистить экран	cls	clear	clear
Закрыть окно приглашения	exit	exit	exit
Просмотреть или изменить дату	date	date	date
Удалить файлы	del	rm	rm thisfile.txt
Вывести сообщение на экран	echo	echo	echo this message
Отредактировать файл в простом текстовом редакторе	edit	pico [a]	pico thisfile.txt
Сравнить содержимое файлов	fc	diff	diff file1 file2
Найти в файле текстовую строку	find	grep	grep this word or phrase thisfile.txt
Отформатировать дискету	format a: (если дискета находится в дисководе A: )	mke2fs (или mformat [b] )	/sbin/mke2fs /dev/fd0 ( /dev/fd0 является эквивалентом диска A: в системе Linux)
Вывести справку о команде	command /?	man [c]	man command
Создать каталог	mkdir	mkdir	mkdir directory
Просмотреть файл	more	less [d]	less thisfile.txt
Переименовать файл	ren	mv	mv thisfile.txt thatfile.txt [e]
Вывести текущее расположение в файловой системе	chdir	pwd	pwd
Изменить каталог на указанный ( абсолютный путь )	cd pathname	cd pathname	cd /directory/directory
Изменить каталог на относительный путь	cd ..	cd ..	cd ..
Вывести текущее время	time	date	date
Вывести общий и используемый объем ОЗУ	mem	free	free
Замечание: a. Pico — это простой текстовый редактор, вместо Pico вы можете использовать Emacs и vi . b. При этом диск будет отформатирован для файловой системе DOS. c. Для некоторых команд вы можете получить дополнительную информацию с помощью info . d. Команда more может также использоваться для постраничного просмотра файла на экране. e. Команда mv может как переместить файл, так и переименовать его, «переместив» его внутри одного каталога, как и показано в этом примере.

Linux command line dos

UNIX For DOS Users

Приложение B. Сравнение общих DOS и Linux команд