Linux debian для сервера

How to Install Debian 11 (Bullseye) Server Using Net Install

In this guide, we will walk you through the installation of a Debian 11 (Bullseye) Minimal Server, using the netinstall CD ISO image. This installation you will carry out is appropriate for building a future customizable server platform, without a GUI (Graphical User Interface).

You can use it to install only the necessary software packages that you need to work with, which we will show you in future guides. However, before you move further, read the system requirements, download the netinstall CD ISO image and then proceed to the Debian 11 installation instructions.

Requirements

• Minimum RAM: 512MB.
• Recommended RAM: 2GB.
• Hard Drive Space: 10 GB.
• Minimum 1GHz Pentium processor.

Important: These are only values for a test scenario, in a production environment, you probably want to use suitable RAM and Hard disk size to meet your local environment needs.

Download Debian 11

Debian 11 server system network installation minimal CD image:

Installation of Debian 11 Minimal Server

1. After downloading the Debian 11 minimal CD image from the above links, burn it to a CD or create a bootable USB stick using LiveUSB Creator called Unetbootin or Rufus.

2. Once you have created the installer bootable media, place your CD/USB into your system appropriate drive.

Then start the computer, select your bootable device, and the first Debian 9 installer boot menu should appear as shown below. Choose Install and press the [Enter] key.

3. The system will start loading the media installer and a page to select the installation language should appear as shown below. Select your installation process language and click on Continue.

Configuring Location and Keyboard Settings

4. Now select your location used for setting the system timezone and locales, if not on the list go to Other and click on Continue. Find the region and the country. Once you are done click Continue as shown below.

5. Next, choose your Keyboard Layout to use and click Continue.

6. The installer will now load components from the CD shown below.

Configure Hostname and Domain Name

7. The next step is to set your system hostname and domain name and click Continue.

Configure Users and Password

8. Here, you will configure system users and their passwords. Start by setting the root user password as shown below and click Continue when you are done.

9. Then create a user account for the system administrator. First set the user’s full name as shown below and click Continue when you are done.

10. In this step, set the user’s system name and click Continue.

11. Now set the above user’s password and click Continue.

12. Configure your system clock.

Partitioning Disk

13. On the next screen, choose Manuel to perform disk partitioning.

Note: You can select Guided – use the entire disk and set up LVM (Logical Volume Manager) as partition layout for efficient disk space management and follow the instructions.

14. You will see an overview of your current system disks and mount points. Select the disk to be partitioned and click Continue.

After that, select Yes to create a new empty partition table on the disk.

15. Next, select the free space on the disk to partition it and click Continue.

Creating Swap Partition

16. Now create the Swap area by selecting Create a new partition and set appropriate size as shown in the screenshots below. Then click Continue.

17. Set swap partition as Primary and choose the Beginning of the free space on disk and click Continue.

18. Now set partition as Swap area as shown in the following screenshot.

19. Now select Done setting up the partition and click Continue.

Create Root Partition

20. In this step, you can now create the root partition by selecting the free space, then select Create a new partition. Afterward set the root partition size, make it Primary and set it at the beginning of the free space.

Then use the Ext4 file system on it and finally select Done setting up partition and click Continue as shown in the following screenshots.

Create Home Partition

21. Similarly to create a /home partition follow the same instruction as explained above using the remaining free space if you have.

22. Once you have created all the necessary partitions, click on Finish partitioning and write changes to disk.

Finalizing Debian 11 Installation Process

23. At this point, installation of the base system should begin as shown below.

24. Now configure the package manager as shown in the screenshot below. Select No and click Continue.

25. Afterwards, configure a network mirror by selecting the nearest country and then click Continue.

26. Next, choose whether to participate in the package usage survey or not. Then click Continue.

27. Now install standard system utilities and click Continue.

28. In this step, you will install the Grub boot loader by choosing Yes. After which you should choose the disk to install it.

29. Finally, the installation is done, click Continue to reboot the machine and remove the bootable media, then boot in your system and login.

That’s all. You now have a working Debian 11 (Bullseye) Minimal Server for developing a future customizable server platform. If you are looking to deploy a web server such as Apache or Nginx, go through the following articles.

To send us any queries or thoughts, use the comment section below.

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How to install Debian 11 Minimal Server

L inux provides fantastic options to deploy your server on one of its versatile distributions like Debian. There are just so many useful features of a Linux server. Some of them include setting up separate servers for Web, Email, File Sharing, Database, RAID, and many more. You can even set up ad-blocking servers through Linux.

Today, we will learn how to do the minimal installation of Debian 11 ‘Bullseye,’ which is an excellent choice if you want to deploy your server on it in the future.

You can use nearly any old computer hardware as the requirements are very low for the Minimal installation. Here are the minimum and recommended requirements:

Minimum Requirements:

Recommended Requirements:

Installing Debian 11 Minimal Server

1. Download the ‘netinst’ version of Debian 11 from the official website

You can download the latest stable version of Debian 11 Minimal Installation from the official “debian.org” website. Here is the link for the latest 64-bit version from the official website.

This will download an ISO image file with only the most essential elements of Debian 11 and without a GUI. Do note that you have to double-check whether your computer supports 64-bit or 32-bit architecture and download the version supported by your system.

2. Create a bootable USB storage device

After downloading the ISO image file, you can burn it on a CD or use a USB storage device. We recommend you use USB as it would be a lot easier and time-saving process. You can burn this ISO image file on a USB using any ISO burning tool, such as balenaEtcher.

Once you set up your USB drive with the ISO image, you need to reboot your computer and go into the BIOS settings. From the “Boot” options, you need to select “Boot” from USB or Removable storage media and exit after saving the changes you have made. Once rebooted, the system will boot into the “Installation Menu” of Debian 11.

Debian 11 Installation Menu

Select “Install” from the options, and the installation will begin. Once done, you will be prompted to select your “Language.” Select the language of your preference and press “Enter.”

Note: You can use the “Tab” key to change the hover position.

3. Select your location and keyboard layout

You will now select the location of your residence, as specified in the image below. After that, you’ll have to choose your preferred keyboard layout as well.

Configure Keyboard Layout

After you are done with the above, the components will start loading from the USB image.

4. Set up Host and Domain names, respectively

To further the procedure, you will be required to choose a “Hostname.” This will be accompanied shortly by a specific “Domain” name. Again, it’s a basic protocol for network configuration—nothing out of the blue.

After you are done with the above, the installer will prompt you to set up a root password. Enter your root password and then continue after retyping it for verification.

5. Set up usernames, accounts, and passwords

The next step is to type in your name, pick a username, and allot a password for this newly created account. The following screenshots are going to depict how you’ll get this done.

At the end of this section, you will have to retype the password for verification.

User account password retype

6. Set up the clock timezone

Pick your timezone in this step to proceed.

7. Partition the disk

Partition disks select yes.

You now have to partition the disk to continue. After choosing the “Manual” option for disk partitioning, you will be given the following options to proceed.

Partitioning Select Automatic

It is recommended to select the “Automatic” option as it will easily divide the disk into the needed partitions.

Partitioning Select Automatic

Continue the process as shown below in the screenshots for the best results.

Partitioning Select Automatic Finish

Confirm the partitioning by clicking on “Yes.”

Partitioning Select Automatic Finish Confirm

8. Base Installation

After confirming the partitions made automatically, the base version of Debian 11 will start installing.

After a couple of minutes, you will be prompted to scan any other media if you want.

9. Debian Mirror Package Retrieval from the internet

Since we installed the ‘netinst’ version of Debian, only the most essential files were included in the ISO image file. Once that is done and the base version is installed, you will be prompted to retrieve the remaining files from the internet.

To get started, select the “Debian archive mirror country.” For example, we will pick the United Kingdom as a reference for the screenshot below, although you can choose the USA if you reside there.

The last step is to pick the Debian archive mirror. Select “deb.debian.org” to continue.

System Mirror Location Domain

The installer will now retrieve the remaining files after selecting the relevant Debian Mirror Location and Domain. First, choose the location nearest to your country.

System Mirror Installation

10. Tune the installation as per the requirement

During the retrieval, you will be prompted to select one or more of the following predefined software collections.

Since we only need the Debian Minimal Server installation, we have unchecked all of the irrelevant boxes which were checked by default, like ‘Debian desktop environment’ and ‘GNOME.’ We do, however, have checked the boxes for Web and SSH Servers because those two are the packages that we do need. You can check or uncheck any of these software packages to install them as per your requirements.

Once the desired packages are selected, they will be retrieved from the internet.

11. Complete Debian 11 Minimal Server Installation

Once the files are retrieved, the installation will get completed in a few minutes. You now need to reboot your system after removing the USB in which you put the ISO image file. Alternatively, you can also open the BIOS settings immediately after rebooting and changing the boot order for the system not to boot first from the USB again.

12. Reboot into Debian 11 and log in

Once rebooted, the system will run Debian 11. It will prompt you for the “User” password that you set at the installation time.

Enter the password, and that’s it! Congratulations, you have now successfully installed Debian 11 Minimal Server and logged in as well.

Takeaways

You can now explore all of the options to set up your required servers or make use of this fantastic platform in any way you deem fit. We hope that this Debian 11 Minimal Server installation guide has helped you successfully install it on your system.

Please let us know in the comments section if the process went smoothly on your end. We’d love to read your feedback!

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