Linux debian oracle установка

Oracle

Preparations

• One of the hard things if you’re a first time adventurer in Oracle (or if there’s a long time since of you last mess with it), is to know how the system works in terms of partitions and file system space.
• Both 10g and 11g needs a few special things:
  • At least 1.5GiB of space for the zip files containing the database, installer and documentation, I put those in /srv/oracle
  • At least 1.5GiB of space for the installed binaries and resources, that should appear under /opt
  • Some free space for the databases, they usually go under /u01, /u02 and sequentially. Oracle documentation says you can choose whatever letter you want and a fixed width number, it could be /z0001.
  • No bizarre swap space required! Only the first 2GiB are usefully addressed, more than that make impact in performance! For some bizarre reason Oracle 10g asked for 12GiB and Oracle 11g asked for 15GiB, if you need it, it is recommended to make 4 partitions of 4GiB each one.

  Creating users and groups

  • Personally, I decided to create system users and groups because they take care of a service (Oracle database and family of applications). You’ll find several articles creating regular groups and users, this should be equivalent just with a different point of view in terms of organization and philosophy.

  # addgroup --system oinstall # addgroup --system dba # adduser --system --ingroup oinstall --shell /bin/bash oracle # adduser oracle dba

  Oracle requirements (sysctl and security limits)

  sysctl

  • Usually you’ll find articles recommending you edit /etc/sysctl.conf , I would recommend you to create a file /etc/sysctl.d/local-oracle.conf with the following contents:

  fs.file-max = 65536 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 # semaphores: semmsl, semmns, semopm, semmni kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 # (Oracle recommends total machine Ram -1 byte) kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmni = 4096 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000 vm.hugetlb_shm_group = 111 vm.nr_hugepages = 64

  • I didn’t find recommendations of vm in the Oracle docs, but several articles spoke about it and the installer failed without it. The value for vm.hugetlb_shm_group should be the gid number of the dba group. The value required for vm.nr_hugepages might be higher, depending on how large is your SGA and if that SGA use hugepages. Every hugepage is 2kb large.
  • To load the sysctl configuration you can run sysctl or reboot the machine

  # sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/local-oracle.conf

  security limits

  • Edit /etc/security/limits.conf , my recommendation is to create a file /etc/security/limits.d/local-oracle.conf with the following contents:

  oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft memlock 204800 oracle hard memlock 204800

  • Those are not magical numbers, I took them from the Oracle® Database Quick Installation Guide.
  • the last two lines — about memlock — are required only if you use hugepages. The number here is 400mb since it has to be written in kilobytes.
  • Usually, on a regular Debian 6 installation, you just have to enable pam_limits.so in /etc/pam.d/su, but make sure it is active for /etc/pam.d/

  Nasty hacks

  • Yes, it's required, believe me, I tried to install without it.

  # ln -s /usr/bin/awk /bin/awk # ln -s /usr/bin/basename /bin/basename # ln -s /usr/bin/rpm /bin/rpm # ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu /usr/lib64

  • awk is used by the final scripts to parse username/groups and change permissions, it works without it, but better be safe than sorry. Do not remove this symbolic link after installation as several commonly used utilities require it.
  • basename and rpm are used during installation.
  • lib64 is needed by binaries from Oracle RPM packages in multiarch systems.

  Directory Structure

  Create a directory structure required to install Oracle DataBase.

  # mkdir -p /opt/oracle/product/12.1.0.2 # mkdir -p /opt/oraInventory # chown -R oracle:dba /opt/oracle/ # chown -R oracle:dba /opt/oraInventory

  Oracle on Debian (amd64)

  Initial steps

  We need to install some packages

  aptitude install build-essential gcc-multilib ia32-libs libaio1 libstdc++5 rpm xauth unzip

  apt-get install build-essential binutils libcap-dev gcc g++ libc6-dev ksh libaio-dev make libxi-dev libxtst-dev libxau-dev libxcb1-dev sysstat rpm xauth unzip

  Unzip the Oracle files

  Unzip the Oracle files in the user's $HOME directory.

  oracle@oracle:~$ unzip linuxamd64_12XXX_database_1of2.zip oracle@oracle:~$ unzip linuxamd64_12XXX_database_2of2.zip

  Environment variables

  oracle@oracle:~# export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=localhost oracle@oracle:~# export ORACLE_OWNER=oracle oracle@oracle:~# export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle oracle@oracle:~# export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/dbhome_1 oracle@oracle:~# export ORACLE_UNQNAME=orcl oracle@oracle:~# export ORACLE_SID=orcl oracle@oracle:~# export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin oracle@oracle:~# export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu:/bin/lib:/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib64

  • ORACLE_OWNER: User with permission on Oracle files.
  • ORACLE_BASE: Directory that will store the distinct Oracle Services.
  • ORACLE_HOME: Directory that will store the Oracle database.
  • ORACLE_UNQNAME: Unique name of database.
  • ORACLE_SID: Service Identifier of Listener.
  • PATH: Path to binary files.
  • LD_LIBRARY_PATH: Path to library.

  Installation

  • You must run the installer as the oracle user.
  • If you'll use the installer via SSH with X11 forwarding, you either have to login directly as oracle user or using xauth to transport the authentication from the user that logins in thru SSH and the oracle user.
    • You may have noticed that a system user (as the one I created in this article) doesn't have a password. To login directly as oracle you could use SSH keys to login or simply passwd oracle . Don't forget to enable X11Forwarding in configuration files or use:

    $ ssh -XC $SOMEUSER@orclserver.example.org

    • If you decided to create a different non-privileged user to login via SSH (or if you are using root) you should use:

    $ ssh -XC $SOMEUSER@orclserver.example.org $ xauth list orclserver/unix:10 MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1 abcdef0123456789abcdef0123456789 $ su - oracle $ xauth add orclserver/unix:10 MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1 abcdef0123456789abcdef0123456789

    • Once you are the oracle user with the proper xauth permissions, just run the installer. As you are installing on Debian and it is not certified by Oracle, you need to tell the installer to ignore some checks or pre-requisites using -IgnoreSysPreReqs. If you want to see all the options you can use -help.

    $ /path/to/oracle/database/runInstaller -IgnoreSysPreReqs

    • From this point on, it's up to you and your DBA. Just for the record, here are the values we used:
      • Inventory directory: /opt/oracle/oraInventory
      • OS group name: oinstall
      • Standard Edition
      • Installation Name: OraDb10g_home1
      • Path: /opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

      Common problems

      gcc-multilib: linking pthread problems

      /usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.4.5/. /libpthread.a when searching for -lpthread /usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/libpthread.so when searching for -lpthread /usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/libpthread.a when searching for -lpthread /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lpthread INFO: collect2: ld returned 1 exit status INFO: make: *** [ctxhx] Error 1 INFO: End output from spawned process. INFO: ---------------------------------- INFO: Exception thrown from action: make Exception Name: MakefileException Exception String: Error in invoking target 'install' of makefile '/opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/ctx/lib/ins_ctx.mk'.

      First steps

      Start Oracle

      oracle@debian-sid:~$ . /usr/local/bin/oraenv oracle@debian-sid:~$ dbstart $ORACLE_HOME

      Start Oracle on Systemd

      Create daemon "/etc/systemd/system/oracle.service" , that will set up database services.

      [Unit] Description=Oracle 12c DataBase Requires=rpc-statd.service network.target nfs.service nfs-mountd.service local-fs.target remote-fs.target After=syslog.target network.target [Service] LimitMEMLOCK=infinity LimitNOFILE=65535 LimitNPROC=16384 LimitSTACK=10485760 Type=forking Environment="ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/dbhome_1" ExecStart=/bin/su oracle -c '/opt/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/dbhome_1/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME' [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target

      Updates changes made to service files of system, enables Oracle service and starts it up. Note that limits are compulsory since systemd ignore limits.conf defined earlier, moreover note that limitSTACK use a different measure unit compared to ulimit, so it should be converted from the value in limits.conf.

      root@oracle:~# systemctl daemon-reload root@oracle:~# systemctl enable oracle root@oracle:~# systemctl start oracle

      Add Users

      Let say you need a couple of users scott and foo with passwords tiger and bar in order to run the DBD::Oracle Perl module tests. You can add those users running the following steps:

      oracle@debian-sid:~$ sqlplus SYS AS SYSDBA SQL> CREATE USER c##scott IDENTIFIED BY tiger; User created. SQL> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES TO c##scott; Grant succeeded. SQL> CREATE USER c##foo IDENTIFIED BY bar; User created. SQL> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES TO c##foo; Grant succeeded.

      References

      Источник

      Установка Oracle SQL Developer на Debian

      На сайте Oracle возможно скачать пакет SQL Developer только для rpm-based. Для остальных дистрибутивов Linux предусмотрен архив. Для работы также потребуется установить JDK 8 или старше.

      Установка Oracle JDK 8

      1. Для начала установим Oracke JDK 8 на локальную машину. Скачиваем архив с официального сайта. Для загрузки потребуется регистрация на сайте.
      2. Создадим директорию для Java.

      cd Загрузки sudo tar -xf jdk--linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/lib/jvm 

      sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/java java /usr/lib/jvm/jdk/bin/java 1 

      sudo update-alternatives --config java 

      $ java -version java version "1.8.0_251" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_251-b08) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.251-b08, mixed mode) 

      Установка Oracke SQL Developer

      sudo mv sqldeveloper*.zip /usr/local/bin 

      cd /usr/local/bin sudo unzip sqldeveloper-.zip 

      sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/sqldeveloper/sqldeveloper.sh 

      sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/sqldeveloper/sqldeveloper.sh /bin/sqldeveloper 

      sudo rm /usr/local/bin/sqldeveloper*.zip 

      #!/bin/bash cd "dirname $0"/sqldeveloper/bin && bash sqldeveloper $* 

      #!/bin/bash cd /usr/local/bin/sqldeveloper/sqldeveloper/bin && bash sqldeveloper $* 

      1. Запускаем из консоли SQL Developer командой sqldeveloper . При первом запуске необходимо указать путь до директории Java, в нашем случае /usr/lib/jvm/jdk .
      2. Чтобы запускать SQL Developer значком приложения необходимо создать файл /usr/share/applications/sqldeveloper.desktop со следующим содержимым.

      [Desktop Entry] Exec=sqldeveloper Terminal=false StartupNotify=true Categories=GNOME;Oracle; Type=Application Icon=/usr/local/bin/sqldeveloper/icon.png Name=SQL Developer 

      sudo update-desktop-database 

      Теперь возможно запускать SQL Developer с помощью ярлыка приложения.

      Источник

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