Distribution Archives
If you need to access one of the old distributions of Debian, you can find them at the Debian Archives, https://archive.debian.org/debian/.
Releases are stored by their codenames under the dists/ directory.
- stretch is Debian 9
- jessie is Debian 8.0
- wheezy is Debian 7.0
- squeeze is Debian 6.0
- lenny is Debian 5.0
- etch is Debian 4.0
- sarge is Debian 3.1
- woody is Debian 3.0
- potato is Debian 2.2
- slink is Debian 2.1
- hamm is Debian 2.0
- bo is Debian 1.3
- rex is Debian 1.2
- buzz is Debian 1.1
We have only source code for releases older than bo, and binaries and source code for bo and newer releases. As time goes on we will expire the binary packages for old releases.
If you are using APT the relevant sources.list entries are like:
deb http://archive.debian.org/debian/ hamm contrib main non-free
deb http://archive.debian.org/debian/ bo bo-unstable contrib main non-free
The following is a list of mirrors that include the archive:
- archive.debian.org (Netherlands): HTTP rsync archive.debian.org::debian-archive/
- archive.kernel.org (United States): HTTP rsync archive.kernel.org::debian-archive/
- debian.ethz.ch (Switzerland): HTTP rsync debian.ethz.ch::debian-archive/
- debian.inf.tu-dresden.de (Germany): HTTP rsync debian.inf.tu-dresden.de::debian-archive/
- debian.koyanet.lv (Latvia): HTTP rsync debian.koyanet.lv::debian-archive/
- debian.mirror.cambrium.nl (Netherlands): HTTP rsync debian.mirror.cambrium.nl::debian-archive/
- debian.snt.utwente.nl (Netherlands): HTTP rsync debian.snt.utwente.nl::debian-archive/
- debian.volia.net (Ukraine): HTTP rsync debian.volia.net::debian-archive/
- ftp.hosteurope.de (Germany): HTTP
- ftp.kaist.ac.kr (Korea): HTTP rsync ftp.kaist.ac.kr::debian-archive/
- ftp.ticklers.org (United Kingdom): HTTP rsync ftp.ticklers.org::archive.debian.org/
- mirror.mephi.ru (Russia): HTTP rsync mirror.mephi.ru::debian-archive/
- mirror.nl.leaseweb.net (Netherlands): HTTP rsync mirror.nl.leaseweb.net::debian-archive/
- mirror.one.com (Denmark): HTTP rsync mirror.one.com::debian-archive/
- mirror.truenetwork.ru (Russia): HTTP rsync mirror.truenetwork.ru::debian-archive/
- mirrors.accretive-networks.net (United States): HTTP rsync mirrors.accretive-networks.net::debian-archive/
- mirrors.up.pt (Portugal): HTTP rsync mirrors.up.pt::debian-archive/
debian-non-US archive
In the past, there was software packaged for Debian that could not be distributed in the US (and other countries) due to restrictions on export of cryptography or software patents. Debian maintained a special archive called the non-US archive.
These packages were incorporated into the main archive in Debian 3.1 and the debian-non-US archive is discontinued; it is actually archived now, incorporated into the archive.debian.org archives.
They are still available from the archive.debian.org machine. Available access methods are:
To use these packages with APT, the relevant sources.list entries are like:
deb http://archive.debian.org/debian-non-US/ woody/non-US main contrib non-free deb-src http://archive.debian.org/debian-non-US/ woody/non-US main contrib non-free
Debian Releases
Debian always has at least three releases in active maintenance: stable , testing and unstable .
The stable distribution contains the latest officially released distribution of Debian.
This is the production release of Debian, the one which we primarily recommend using.
The current stable distribution of Debian is version 12, codenamed bookworm. It was released on June 10th, 2023.
The testing distribution contains packages that haven’t been accepted into a stable release yet, but they are in the queue for that. The main advantage of using this distribution is that it has more recent versions of software.
The current testing distribution is trixie.
The unstable distribution is where active development of Debian occurs. Generally, this distribution is run by developers and those who like to live on the edge. It is recommended that users running unstable should subscribe to the debian-devel-announce mailing list to receive notifications of major changes, for example upgrades that may break.
The unstable distribution is always called sid.
Release life cycle
Debian announces its new stable release on a regular basis. Users can expect 3 years of full support for each release and 2 years of extra LTS support.
See Debian Releases Wiki page and Debian LTS Wiki page for detailed information.
Index of releases
- The next release of Debian is codenamed trixie — testing — no release date has been set
- Debian 12 ( bookworm ) — current stable release
- Debian 11 ( bullseye ) — current oldstable release
- Debian 10 ( buster ) — current oldoldstable release, under LTS support
- Debian 9 ( stretch ) — archived release, under extended LTS support
- Debian 8 ( jessie ) — archived release, under extended LTS support
- Debian 7 ( wheezy ) — obsolete stable release
- Debian 6.0 ( squeeze ) — obsolete stable release
- Debian GNU/Linux 5.0 ( lenny ) — obsolete stable release
- Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 ( etch ) — obsolete stable release
- Debian GNU/Linux 3.1 ( sarge ) — obsolete stable release
- Debian GNU/Linux 3.0 ( woody ) — obsolete stable release
- Debian GNU/Linux 2.2 ( potato ) — obsolete stable release
- Debian GNU/Linux 2.1 ( slink ) — obsolete stable release
- Debian GNU/Linux 2.0 ( hamm ) — obsolete stable release
The web pages for the obsolete Debian releases are kept intact, but the releases themselves can only be found in a separate archive.
Integrity of the data in the releases
Data integrity is granted by a digitally signed Release file. To ensure that all files in the release belong to it, checksums of all Packages files are copied into the Release file.
Digital signatures for this file are stored in the file Release.gpg , using the current version of the archive signing key. For stable and oldstable an additional signature is generated using an offline key specifically generated for a release by a member of the Stable Release Team.
Архивы дистрибутива
Вы можете найти архивы старых выпусков дистрибутива Debian здесь: Архив Debian, http://archive.debian.org/debian/.
Выпуски хранятся под своими кодовыми именами в каталоге dists/.
- jessie — Debian 8.0
- wheezy — Debian 7.0
- squeeze — Debian 6.0
- lenny — Debian 5.0
- etch — Debian 4.0
- sarge — Debian 3.1
- woody — Debian 3.0
- potato — Debian 2.2
- slink — Debian 2.1
- hamm — Debian 2.0
- bo — Debian 1.3
- rex — Debian 1.2
- buzz — Debian 1.1
Со временем мы перестаём хранить двоичные пакеты для старых выпусков. В настоящий момент имеются двоичные пакеты выпусков squeeze, lenny, etch, sarge, woody, potato, slink, hamm и bo и только пакеты исходного кода для остальных.
Соответствующие строки sources.list для системы APT:
deb http://archive.debian.org/debian/ hamm contrib main non-free
deb http://archive.debian.org/debian/ bo bo-unstable contrib main non-free
Ниже приведен список зеркал архива:
- archive.debian.org (Нидерланды): HTTP rsync archive.debian.org::debian-archive/
- archive.kernel.org (США): HTTP rsync archive.kernel.org::debian-archive/
- debian.ethz.ch (Швейцария): HTTP rsync debian.ethz.ch::debian-archive/
- debian.inf.tu-dresden.de (Германия): HTTP rsync debian.inf.tu-dresden.de::debian-archive/
- debian.koyanet.lv (Латвия): HTTP rsync debian.koyanet.lv::debian-archive/
- debian.mirror.cambrium.nl (Нидерланды): HTTP rsync debian.mirror.cambrium.nl::debian-archive/
- debian.snt.utwente.nl (Нидерланды): HTTP rsync debian.snt.utwente.nl::debian-archive/
- debian.volia.net (Украина): HTTP rsync debian.volia.net::debian-archive/
- ftp.hosteurope.de (Германия): HTTP
- ftp.kaist.ac.kr (Корея): HTTP rsync ftp.kaist.ac.kr::debian-archive/
- ftp.ticklers.org (Великобритания): HTTP rsync ftp.ticklers.org::archive.debian.org/
- mirror.mephi.ru (Россия): HTTP rsync mirror.mephi.ru::debian-archive/
- mirror.nl.leaseweb.net (Нидерланды): HTTP rsync mirror.nl.leaseweb.net::debian-archive/
- mirror.one.com (Дания): HTTP rsync mirror.one.com::debian-archive/
- mirror.truenetwork.ru (Россия): HTTP rsync mirror.truenetwork.ru::debian-archive/
- mirrors.accretive-networks.net (США): HTTP rsync mirrors.accretive-networks.net::debian-archive/
- mirrors.up.pt (Португалия): HTTP rsync mirrors.up.pt::debian-archive/
Архив debian-non-US
Когда-то в Debian были пакеты программ, которые нельзя было распространять в США и некоторых других странах из-за ограничений на экспорт систем шифрования или патентов на алгоритмы. Поэтому Debian содержал специальный архив под названием non-US .
Эти пакеты были объединены с главным архивом в Debian 3.1, и архив debian-non-US был расформирован. Точнее он сейчас стал архивом, дополнившим архивы archive.debian.org.
Они всё ещё доступны с машины archive.debian.org. Методы доступа:
Чтобы использовать эти пакеты с APT, sources.list должен содержать, например, такие записи:
deb http://archive.debian.org/debian-non-US/ woody/non-US main contrib non-free deb-src http://archive.debian.org/debian-non-US/ woody/non-US main contrib non-free
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Последнее изменение: Сбт, 17 Июн 2023, 11:35:36 UTC Последняя сборка: Птн, 14 Июл 2023, 08:21:28 UTC
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