Linux disk usage top

Linux disk usage top

Here is a quick overview of 5 command-line tools that come in incredibly handy when troubleshooting or monitoring real-time disk activity in Linux. These tools are available in all major Linux distros.

iostat

iostat can be used to report the disk read/write rates and counts for an interval continuously. It collects disk statistics, waits for the given amount of time, collects them again and displays the difference. Here is the output of the command iostat -y 5 :

Each report, every 5 seconds, include the CPU stats and the disk stats. The CPU stats is a break up of where CPU time was spent during the interval. The disk stats includes the number of I/O requests per second ( tps ), the rate of read and write ( kB_read/s and kB_write/s ) and the amount of data read and written ( kB_read and kB_wrtn ).

The -y argument instructs iostat to discard the first report which are the stats since boot and are rarely useful. The “5” in the command line specifies the interval in seconds. The CPU stats can be omitted by including the -d flag, although practically it is useful to have it there.

iotop

iotop is a top-like utility for displaying real-time disk activity. It can list the processes that are performing I/O, alongwith the disk bandwidth they are using. Here is how iotop -o looks like:

The -o flag restricts the display to processes that are doing I/O, omitting it shows all the processes. You can also see the total disk bandwidth usage on the top two lines.

In case you are wondering, the “total” values show the amount of data read from or written to the disk block device driver, and the “actual” values show the numbers for the actual hardware disk I/O. File system caching is one of the reasons for the difference in the values.

dstat

dstat is a little more user-friendly version of iostat , and can show much more information than just disk bandwidth. Here is dstat in action, showing cpu and disk stats:

As you can see, it has nicely colored output. The command-line flags include -c for CPU stats, -d for disk stats, —disk-util for disk utilization and —disk-tps for disk transactions (I/O requests) per second. You can read more about dstat here.

atop

atop is particularly good for quickly grasping changes happening to the system. It does an excellent job of summarizing changes in each interval. Unlike the others, it can list all the processes that caused any system-level changes (like doing disk I/O) during the interval – this feature is present only in atop .

Here we’re running atop with an interval of 1 second. The top section should be read from left to right: PRC shows process information, CPU the split of CPU usage, CPL the load averages, MEM the memory usage, SWP the swap file usage and DSK and NET the disk and network information respectively. The bottom section shows processes that did interesting things during the interval. You can read more about atop here.

ioping

ioping is a quick and dirty storage volume latency checker. It is useful for checking if the elevated disk times that you’re seeing are because of a degradation of the underlying virtual disk / network / hardware.

Closing Notes

All the tools listed above have more features and options, here are good places to start digging further: iostat, iotop, dstat, atop and ioping.

If you’re interested in measuring disk performance, you should definitely also look at fio and sysbench. Both are fairly complicated, but are standard tools for the job.

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linux top disk usage

How do I find out what is taking up disk space in Linux?

Check Disk Usage in Linux Using the du Command

du -sh /home/user/Desktop — the -s option will give us the total size of a specified folder (Desktop in this case). du -m /home/user/Desktop — the -m option provides us with folder and file sizes in Megabytes (we can use -k to see the information in Kilobytes).

What does Du do in Linux?

The du command is a standard Linux/Unix command that allows a user to gain disk usage information quickly. It is best applied to specific directories and allows many variations for customizing the output to meet your needs.

What is the command to list all files in UNIX?

In computing, ls is a command to list computer files in Unix and Unix-like operating systems. ls is specified by POSIX and the Single UNIX Specification. When invoked without any arguments, ls lists the files in the current working directory. The command is also available in the EFI shell.

How do I clean up disk space in Linux?

1. Get to the root of your machine by running cd /
2. Run sudo du -h —max-depth=1.
3. Note which directories are using a lot of disk space.
4. cd into one of the big directories.
5. Run ls -l to see which files are using a lot of space. Delete any you don’t need.
6. Repeat steps 2 to 5.

How do I find bottlenecks in Linux?

1. Take the output of TOP & mem, vmstat commands in one notepad.
2. Take sar output of 3 months.
3. check the variation in processes & usage at the time of implementation or change.
4. If the load is unusual since the change.

How do I find RAM in Linux?

1. Open the command line.
2. Type the following command: grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo.
3. You should see something similar to the following as output: MemTotal: 4194304 kB.
4. This is your total available memory.

How do I find CPU in Linux?

1. Get CPU Info Using cat Command. .
2. lscpu Command – Shows CPU Architecture Info. .
3. cpuid Command – Shows x86 CPU. .
4. dmidecode Command – Shows Linux Hardware Info. .
5. Inxi Tool – Shows Linux System Information. .
6. lshw Tool – List Hardware Configuration. .
7. hardinfo – Shows Hardware Info in GTK+ Window. .
8. hwinfo – Shows Present Hardware Info.

How do I mount a drive in Linux?

1. Create the mount point: sudo mkdir -p /media/usb.
2. Assuming that the USB drive uses the /dev/sdd1 device you can mount it to /media/usb directory by typing: sudo mount /dev/sdd1 /media/usb.

How do I resolve disk space in Linux?

1. Checking free space. More about Open Source. .
2. df. This is the most basic command of all; df can display free disk space. .
3. df -h. [[email protected] ~]# df -h. .
4. df -Th. .
5. du -sh * .
6. du -a /var | sort -nr | head -n 10. .
7. du -xh / |grep ‘^\S*[0-9\. .
8. find / -printf ‘%s %p\n’| sort -nr | head -10.

What is difference between DU and DF?

The (very complicated) answer can be best summarized like this: The df command provides a sweeping ballpark figure for how much space is being utilized on your filesystem as a whole. The du command is a much more accurate snapshot of a given directory or subdirectory.

Is command in Linux?

The Linux command is a utility of the Linux operating system. All basic and advanced tasks can be done by executing commands. The commands are executed on the Linux terminal. The terminal is a command-line interface to interact with the system, which is similar to the command prompt in the Windows OS.

How do you open a file in Linux?

1. Open the file using cat command.
2. Open the file using less command.
3. Open the file using more command.
4. Open the file using nl command.
5. Open the file using gnome-open command.
6. Open the file using head command.
7. Open the file using tail command.

Apache

Debian/Ubuntu Linux Specific Commands to Start/Stop/Restart ApacheRestart Apache 2 web server, enter: # /etc/init.d/apache2 restart. $ sudo /etc/init.

Monit

How To Install and Configure Monit on LinuxStep 1 – Install Monit. Monit can be easily installed with package manager in most of Linux flavors. . St.

Query

How do I get the query builder to output its raw SQL query as a string?How do I get SQL query in laravel?How use raw MySQL query in laravel?What is DB.

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