Linux ide cd rom

IDE-CD driver documentation¶

The ide-cd driver should work with all ATAPI ver 1.2 to ATAPI 2.6 compliant CDROM drives which attach to an IDE interface. Note that some CDROM vendors (including Mitsumi, Sony, Creative, Aztech, and Goldstar) have made both ATAPI-compliant drives and drives which use a proprietary interface. If your drive uses one of those proprietary interfaces, this driver will not work with it (but one of the other CDROM drivers probably will). This driver will not work with ATAPI drives which attach to the parallel port. In addition, there is at least one drive (CyCDROM CR520ie) which attaches to the IDE port but is not ATAPI; this driver will not work with drives like that either (but see the aztcd driver).

This driver provides the following features:

• Reading from data tracks, and mounting ISO 9660 filesystems.
• Playing audio tracks. Most of the CDROM player programs floating around should work; I usually use Workman.
• Multisession support.
• On drives which support it, reading digital audio data directly from audio tracks. The program cdda2wav can be used for this. Note, however, that only some drives actually support this.
• There is now support for CDROM changers which comply with the ATAPI 2.6 draft standard (such as the NEC CDR-251). This additional functionality includes a function call to query which slot is the currently selected slot, a function call to query which slots contain CDs, etc. A sample program which demonstrates this functionality is appended to the end of this file. The Sanyo 3-disc changer (which does not conform to the standard) is also now supported. Please note the driver refers to the first CD as slot # 0.

2. Installation¶

1. The ide-cd relies on the ide disk driver. See Information regarding the Enhanced IDE drive for up-to-date information on the ide driver.
2. Make sure that the ide and ide-cd drivers are compiled into the kernel you’re using. When configuring the kernel, in the section entitled “Floppy, IDE, and other block devices”, say either Y (which will compile the support directly into the kernel) or M (to compile support as a module which can be loaded and unloaded) to the options:

ATA/ATAPI/MFM/RLL support Include IDE/ATAPI CDROM support

hdb: NEC CD-ROM DRIVE:260, ATAPI CDROM drive

3. Basic usage¶

An ISO 9660 CDROM can be mounted by putting the disc in the drive and typing (as root):

mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom

where it is assumed that /dev/cdrom is a link pointing to the actual device (as described in step 5 of the last section) and /mnt/cdrom is an empty directory. You should now be able to see the contents of the CDROM under the /mnt/cdrom directory. If you want to eject the CDROM, you must first dismount it with a command like:

Note that audio CDs cannot be mounted.

Some distributions set up /etc/fstab to always try to mount a CDROM filesystem on bootup. It is not required to mount the CDROM in this manner, though, and it may be a nuisance if you change CDROMs often. You should feel free to remove the cdrom line from /etc/fstab and mount CDROMs manually if that suits you better.

Multisession and photocd discs should work with no special handling. The hpcdtoppm package (ftp.gwdg.de:/pub/linux/hpcdtoppm/) may be useful for reading photocds.

To play an audio CD, you should first unmount and remove any data CDROM. Any of the CDROM player programs should then work (workman, workbone, cdplayer, etc.).

On a few drives, you can read digital audio directly using a program such as cdda2wav. The only types of drive which I’ve heard support this are Sony and Toshiba drives. You will get errors if you try to use this function on a drive which does not support it.

For supported changers, you can use the cdchange program (appended to the end of this file) to switch between changer slots. Note that the drive should be unmounted before attempting this. The program takes two arguments: the CDROM device, and the slot number to which you wish to change. If the slot number is -1, the drive is unloaded.

4. Common problems¶

This section discusses some common problems encountered when trying to use the driver, and some possible solutions. Note that if you are experiencing problems, you should probably also review Information regarding the Enhanced IDE drive for current information about the underlying IDE support code. Some of these items apply only to earlier versions of the driver, but are mentioned here for completeness.

In most cases, you should probably check with dmesg for any errors from the driver.

1. Drive is not detected during booting.
2. Review the configuration instructions above and in Information regarding the Enhanced IDE drive , and check how your hardware is configured.
3. If your drive is the only device on an IDE interface, it should be jumpered as master, if at all possible.
4. If your IDE interface is not at the standard addresses of 0x170 or 0x1f0, you’ll need to explicitly inform the driver using a lilo option. See Information regarding the Enhanced IDE drive . (This feature was added around kernel version 1.3.30.)
5. If the autoprobing is not finding your drive, you can tell the driver to assume that one exists by using a lilo option of the form hdX=cdrom , where X is the drive letter corresponding to where your drive is installed. Note that if you do this and you see a boot message like:

• If you always get timeout errors, interrupts from the drive are probably not making it to the host.
• IRQ problems may also be indicated by the message IRQ probe failed () while booting. If is zero, that means that the system did not see an interrupt from the drive when it was expecting one (on any feasible IRQ). If is negative, that means the system saw interrupts on multiple IRQ lines, when it was expecting to receive just one from the CDROM drive.
• Double-check your hardware configuration to make sure that the IRQ number of your IDE interface matches what the driver expects. (The usual assignments are 14 for the primary (0x1f0) interface and 15 for the secondary (0x170) interface.) Also be sure that you don’t have some other hardware which might be conflicting with the IRQ you’re using. Also check the BIOS setup for your system; some have the ability to disable individual IRQ levels, and I’ve had one report of a system which was shipped with IRQ 15 disabled by default.
• Note that many MS-DOS CDROM drivers will still function even if there are hardware problems with the interrupt setup; they apparently don’t use interrupts.
• If you own a Pioneer DR-A24X, you _will_ get nasty error messages on boot such as “irq timeout: status=0x50 < DriveReady SeekComplete >” The Pioneer DR-A24X CDROM drives are fairly popular these days. Unfortunately, these drives seem to become very confused when we perform the standard Linux ATA disk drive probe. If you own one of these drives, you can bypass the ATA probing which confuses these CDROM drives, by adding append=”hdX=noprobe hdX=cdrom” to your lilo.conf file and running lilo (again where X is the drive letter corresponding to where your drive is installed.)

• If the system locks up when you try to access the CDROM, the most likely cause is that you have a buggy IDE adapter which doesn’t properly handle simultaneous transactions on multiple interfaces. The most notorious of these is the CMD640B chip. This problem can be worked around by specifying the serialize option when booting. Recent kernels should be able to detect the need for this automatically in most cases, but the detection is not foolproof. See Information regarding the Enhanced IDE drive for more information about the serialize option and the CMD640B.
• Note that many MS-DOS CDROM drivers will work with such buggy hardware, apparently because they never attempt to overlap CDROM operations with other disk activity.

• If you get errors from mount, it may help to check dmesg to see if there are any more specific errors from the driver or from the filesystem.
• Make sure there’s a CDROM loaded in the drive, and that’s it’s an ISO 9660 disc. You can’t mount an audio CD.
• With the CDROM in the drive and unmounted, try something like:

brw-rw---- 1 root disk 3, 0 Nov 11 18:48 /dev/hda brw-rw---- 1 root disk 3, 64 Nov 11 18:48 /dev/hdb brw-rw---- 1 root disk 22, 0 Nov 11 18:48 /dev/hdc brw-rw---- 1 root disk 22, 64 Nov 11 18:48 /dev/hdd

1. Directory listings are unpredictably truncated, and dmesg shows buffer botch error messages from the driver.

• There was a bug in the version of the driver in 1.2.x kernels which could cause this. It was fixed in 1.3.0. If you can’t upgrade, you can probably work around the problem by specifying a blocksize of 2048 when mounting. (Note that you won’t be able to directly execute binaries off the CDROM in that case.) If you see this in kernels later than 1.3.0, please report it as a bug.

• Random data corruption was occasionally observed with the Hitachi CDR-7730 CDROM. If you experience data corruption, using “hdx=slow” as a command line parameter may work around the problem, at the expense of low system performance.

5. cdchange.c¶

/* * cdchange.c [-v] [] * * This loads a CDROM from a specified slot in a changer, and displays * information about the changer status. The drive should be unmounted before * using this program. * * Changer information is displayed if either the -v flag is specified * or no slot was specified. * * Based on code originally from Gerhard Zuber . * Changer status information, and rewrite for the new Uniform CDROM driver * interface by Erik Andersen . */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include int main (int argc, char **argv) < char *program; char *device; int fd; /* file descriptor for CD-ROM device */ int status; /* return status for system calls */ int verbose = 0; int slot=-1, x_slot; int total_slots_available; program = argv[0]; ++argv; --argc; if (argc < 1 || argc >3) < fprintf (stderr, "usage: %s [-v] []\n", program); fprintf (stderr, " Slots are numbered 1 -- n.\n"); exit (1); > if (strcmp (argv[0], "-v") == 0) < verbose = 1; ++argv; --argc; >device = argv[0]; if (argc == 2) slot = atoi (argv[1]) - 1; /* open device */ fd = open(device, O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK); if (fd < 0) < fprintf (stderr, "%s: open failed for `%s`: %s\n", program, device, strerror (errno)); exit (1); >/* Check CD player status */ total_slots_available = ioctl (fd, CDROM_CHANGER_NSLOTS); if (total_slots_available if (slot >= 0) < if (slot >= total_slots_available) < fprintf (stderr, "Bad slot number. " "Should be 1 -- %d.\n", total_slots_available); exit (1); >/* load */ slot=ioctl (fd, CDROM_SELECT_DISC, slot); if (slot <0) < fflush(stdout); perror ("CDROM_SELECT_DISC "); exit(1); >> if (slot < 0 || verbose) < status=ioctl (fd, CDROM_SELECT_DISC, CDSL_CURRENT); if (status<0) < fflush(stdout); perror (" CDROM_SELECT_DISC"); exit(1); >slot=status; printf ("Current slot: %d\n", slot+1); printf ("Total slots available: %d\n", total_slots_available); printf ("Drive status: "); status = ioctl (fd, CDROM_DRIVE_STATUS, CDSL_CURRENT); if (status <0) < perror(" CDROM_DRIVE_STATUS"); >else switch(status) < case CDS_DISC_OK: printf ("Ready.\n"); break; case CDS_TRAY_OPEN: printf ("Tray Open.\n"); break; case CDS_DRIVE_NOT_READY: printf ("Drive Not Ready.\n"); break; default: printf ("This Should not happen!\n"); break; >for (x_slot=0; x_slot else switch(status) < case CDS_DISC_OK: printf ("Disc present."); break; case CDS_NO_DISC: printf ("Empty slot."); break; case CDS_TRAY_OPEN: printf ("CD-ROM tray open.\n"); break; case CDS_DRIVE_NOT_READY: printf ("CD-ROM drive not ready.\n"); break; case CDS_NO_INFO: printf ("No Information available."); break; default: printf ("This Should not happen!\n"); break; >if (slot == x_slot) < status = ioctl (fd, CDROM_DISC_STATUS); if (status<0) < perror(" CDROM_DISC_STATUS"); >switch (status) < case CDS_AUDIO: printf ("\tAudio disc.\t"); break; case CDS_DATA_1: case CDS_DATA_2: printf ("\tData disc type %d.\t", status-CDS_DATA_1+1); break; case CDS_XA_2_1: case CDS_XA_2_2: printf ("\tXA data disc type %d.\t", status-CDS_XA_2_1+1); break; default: printf ("\tUnknown disc type 0x%x!\t", status); break; >> status = ioctl (fd, CDROM_MEDIA_CHANGED, x_slot); if (status <0) < perror(" CDROM_MEDIA_CHANGED"); >switch (status) < case 1: printf ("Changed.\n"); break; default: printf ("\n"); break; >> > /* close device */ status = close (fd); if (status != 0) < fprintf (stderr, "%s: close failed for `%s`: %s\n", program, device, strerror (errno)); exit (1); >exit (0); >

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