Linux install python and pip

Installing Packages¶

This section covers the basics of how to install Python packages .

It’s important to note that the term “package” in this context is being used to describe a bundle of software to be installed (i.e. as a synonym for a distribution ). It does not to refer to the kind of package that you import in your Python source code (i.e. a container of modules). It is common in the Python community to refer to a distribution using the term “package”. Using the term “distribution” is often not preferred, because it can easily be confused with a Linux distribution, or another larger software distribution like Python itself.

Requirements for Installing Packages¶

This section describes the steps to follow before installing other Python packages.

Ensure you can run Python from the command line¶

Before you go any further, make sure you have Python and that the expected version is available from your command line. You can check this by running:

You should get some output like Python 3.6.3 . If you do not have Python, please install the latest 3.x version from python.org or refer to the Installing Python section of the Hitchhiker’s Guide to Python.

If you’re a newcomer and you get an error like this:

>>> python3 --version Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in NameError: name 'python3' is not defined 

It’s because this command and other suggested commands in this tutorial are intended to be run in a shell (also called a terminal or console). See the Python for Beginners getting started tutorial for an introduction to using your operating system’s shell and interacting with Python.

If you’re using an enhanced shell like IPython or the Jupyter notebook, you can run system commands like those in this tutorial by prefacing them with a ! character:

In [1]: import sys ! --version Python 3.6.3

It’s recommended to write rather than plain python in order to ensure that commands are run in the Python installation matching the currently running notebook (which may not be the same Python installation that the python command refers to).

Due to the way most Linux distributions are handling the Python 3 migration, Linux users using the system Python without creating a virtual environment first should replace the python command in this tutorial with python3 and the python -m pip command with python3 -m pip —user . Do not run any of the commands in this tutorial with sudo : if you get a permissions error, come back to the section on creating virtual environments, set one up, and then continue with the tutorial as written.

Ensure you can run pip from the command line¶

Additionally, you’ll need to make sure you have pip available. You can check this by running:

If you installed Python from source, with an installer from python.org, or via Homebrew you should already have pip. If you’re on Linux and installed using your OS package manager, you may have to install pip separately, see Installing pip/setuptools/wheel with Linux Package Managers .

If pip isn’t already installed, then first try to bootstrap it from the standard library:

python3 -m ensurepip --default-pip

py -m ensurepip --default-pip

If that still doesn’t allow you to run python -m pip :

• Securely Download get-pip.py1
• Run python get-pip.py . 2 This will install or upgrade pip. Additionally, it will install setuptools and wheel if they’re not installed already.

Warning Be cautious if you’re using a Python install that’s managed by your operating system or another package manager. get-pip.py does not coordinate with those tools, and may leave your system in an inconsistent state. You can use python get-pip.py —prefix=/usr/local/ to install in /usr/local which is designed for locally-installed software.

Ensure pip, setuptools, and wheel are up to date¶

While pip alone is sufficient to install from pre-built binary archives, up to date copies of the setuptools and wheel projects are useful to ensure you can also install from source archives:

python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel

py -m pip install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel

Optionally, create a virtual environment¶

See section below for details, but here’s the basic venv 3 command to use on a typical Linux system:

python3 -m venv tutorial_env source tutorial_env/bin/activate

py -m venv tutorial_env tutorial_env\Scripts\activate

This will create a new virtual environment in the tutorial_env subdirectory, and configure the current shell to use it as the default python environment.

Creating Virtual Environments¶

Python “Virtual Environments” allow Python packages to be installed in an isolated location for a particular application, rather than being installed globally. If you are looking to safely install global command line tools, see Installing stand alone command line tools .

Imagine you have an application that needs version 1 of LibFoo, but another application requires version 2. How can you use both these applications? If you install everything into /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages (or whatever your platform’s standard location is), it’s easy to end up in a situation where you unintentionally upgrade an application that shouldn’t be upgraded.

Or more generally, what if you want to install an application and leave it be? If an application works, any change in its libraries or the versions of those libraries can break the application.

Also, what if you can’t install packages into the global site-packages directory? For instance, on a shared host.

In all these cases, virtual environments can help you. They have their own installation directories and they don’t share libraries with other virtual environments.

Currently, there are two common tools for creating Python virtual environments:

• venv is available by default in Python 3.3 and later, and installs pip and setuptools into created virtual environments in Python 3.4 and later.
• virtualenv needs to be installed separately, but supports Python 2.7+ and Python 3.3+, and pip , setuptools and wheel are always installed into created virtual environments by default (regardless of Python version).

The basic usage is like so:

python3 -m venv source /bin/activate

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Installation#

If your Python environment does not have pip installed, there are 2 mechanisms to install pip supported directly by pip’s maintainers:

ensurepip #

Python comes with an ensurepip module [ 1 ] , which can install pip in a Python environment.

$ python -m ensurepip --upgrade

$ python -m ensurepip --upgrade

More details about how ensurepip works and how it can be used, is available in the standard library documentation.

get-pip.py #

This is a Python script that uses some bootstrapping logic to install pip.

• Download the script, from https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py.
• Open a terminal/command prompt, cd to the folder containing the get-pip.py file and run:

More details about this script can be found in pypa/get-pip’s README.

Standalone zip application#

The zip application is currently experimental. We test that pip runs correctly in this form, but it is possible that there could be issues in some situations. We will accept bug reports in such cases, but for now the zip application should not be used in production environments.

In addition to installing pip in your environment, pip is available as a standalone zip application. This can be downloaded from https://bootstrap.pypa.io/pip/pip.pyz. There are also zip applications for specific pip versions, named pip-X.Y.Z.pyz .

The zip application can be run using any supported version of Python:

then the currently active Python interpreter will be used.

Alternative Methods#

Depending on how you installed Python, there might be other mechanisms available to you for installing pip such as using Linux package managers .

These mechanisms are provided by redistributors of pip, who may have modified pip to change its behaviour. This has been a frequent source of user confusion, since it causes a mismatch between documented behaviour in this documentation and how pip works after those modifications.

If you face issues when using Python and pip installed using these mechanisms, it is recommended to request for support from the relevant provider (eg: Linux distro community, cloud provider support channels, etc).

Upgrading pip #

Upgrade your pip by running:

$ python -m pip install --upgrade pip

$ python -m pip install --upgrade pip

C:> py -m pip install --upgrade pip

Compatibility#

The current version of pip works on:

pip is tested to work on the latest patch version of the Python interpreter, for each of the minor versions listed above. Previous patch versions are supported on a best effort approach.

Other operating systems and Python versions are not supported by pip’s maintainers.

Users who are on unsupported platforms should be aware that if they hit issues, they may have to resolve them for themselves. If they received pip from a source which provides support for their platform, they should request pip support from that source.

The ensurepip module was added to the Python standard library in Python 3.4.

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Installation#

If your Python environment does not have pip installed, there are 2 mechanisms to install pip supported directly by pip’s maintainers:

ensurepip #

Python comes with an ensurepip module [ 1 ] , which can install pip in a Python environment.

$ python -m ensurepip --upgrade

$ python -m ensurepip --upgrade

More details about how ensurepip works and how it can be used, is available in the standard library documentation.

get-pip.py #

This is a Python script that uses some bootstrapping logic to install pip.

• Download the script, from https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py.
• Open a terminal/command prompt, cd to the folder containing the get-pip.py file and run:

More details about this script can be found in pypa/get-pip’s README.

Standalone zip application#

The zip application is currently experimental. We test that pip runs correctly in this form, but it is possible that there could be issues in some situations. We will accept bug reports in such cases, but for now the zip application should not be used in production environments.

In addition to installing pip in your environment, pip is available as a standalone zip application. This can be downloaded from https://bootstrap.pypa.io/pip/pip.pyz. There are also zip applications for specific pip versions, named pip-X.Y.Z.pyz .

The zip application can be run using any supported version of Python:

then the currently active Python interpreter will be used.

Alternative Methods#

Depending on how you installed Python, there might be other mechanisms available to you for installing pip such as using Linux package managers .

These mechanisms are provided by redistributors of pip, who may have modified pip to change its behaviour. This has been a frequent source of user confusion, since it causes a mismatch between documented behaviour in this documentation and how pip works after those modifications.

If you face issues when using Python and pip installed using these mechanisms, it is recommended to request for support from the relevant provider (eg: Linux distro community, cloud provider support channels, etc).

Upgrading pip #

Upgrade your pip by running:

$ python -m pip install --upgrade pip

$ python -m pip install --upgrade pip

C:> py -m pip install --upgrade pip

Compatibility#

The current version of pip works on:

pip is tested to work on the latest patch version of the Python interpreter, for each of the minor versions listed above. Previous patch versions are supported on a best effort approach.

Other operating systems and Python versions are not supported by pip’s maintainers.

Users who are on unsupported platforms should be aware that if they hit issues, they may have to resolve them for themselves. If they received pip from a source which provides support for their platform, they should request pip support from that source.

The ensurepip module was added to the Python standard library in Python 3.4.

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