Linux kernel and ubuntu

Kernel

The kernel is the software that directly manages your hardware, allowing application libraries and software like GNOME and Firefox to run on many types of hardware without much difficulty. Because the Linux kernel is the core component of a GNU/Linux system, a full restart is required to complete the kernel update.

Types

Ubuntu packages the Linux kernel for a variety of architectures, including several variants of the x86 architecture. These include a 386 version, a 686 version, and versions for the AMD k6 and k7 processors. While most software for x86 processors in Ubuntu is compiled for 386 or better instruction sets, the kernel and a few other packages are specifically compiled for certain processors for speed reasons. Check the package documentation to determine what type of kernel will perform best for your processor.

Versions

Ubuntu currently packages the 3.8 kernel for optimal desktop speed and features.

SMP

Some motherboards have more than one processor on them, and some processors have multiple cores. If your computer is like this, then the SMP kernel is for you. Non-SMP kernels will not be able to take advantage of your multiple processors. However, if you do not have multiple processors, the additional code in an SMP kernel will only slow you down. Naturally, Ubuntu provides both SMP and non-SMP kernels for all supported architectures.

PAE

PAE (Physical Address Extension) allows the 32 bit version of Ubuntu to access up to 64 Gb of memory and is the standard for all members of the Ubuntu family from release 12.10 and beyond, as the non-PAE version has been dropped. For more on this please see here.

If your hardware does not support PAE, refer to the PAE pages with topics like installing, upgrading and enabling (with) PAE.

HowTo Upgrade or Recompile Kernel

The precompiled kernels that are supplied with your distro should be fine however if you wish to update or optimise (or standardise) for your platform :

• 1) You can Kernel/Upgrade easily using Ubuntu. 2) You can also Kernel/Compile it yourself from LinuxKernelSource or UbuntuKernelSource. 3) Run the following Terminal commands to install a new Ubuntu kernel from http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/

sudo apt-get install python-bs4 python-apt

cd /tmp; rm -rf medigeek-kmp*; wget --no-check-certificate https://github.com/medigeek/kmp-downloader/tarball/master -O kmpd.tar.gz; tar xzf kmpd.tar.gz; cd medigeek-*

Just press instead of a number if you get stuck on a certain question in the python script.

The script by default filters out (i.e. does not show) the release candidates. If you want the latest release candidates, please use: python kmpd.py -d

How to Remove unwanted Kernels from your system

• Open the Synaptic package manager from the System->Administration menu. Click the “Search” button on the tool bar and search for «linux-image-2». The results should show every available and installed kernel. A green box on the left indicates that the package is installed. The only linux-image you want installed is the latest one. Find the package corresponding to the kernel to you running currently (this is the kernel you found in the terminal window). Make sure you keep that one. Now you can uninstall the old kernels from the list by clicking their boxes and selecting “Mark for Removal”.

Or you can uninstall kernels using the ubuntu-tweak Ubuntu PPA package.

Experimental Kernel Options

• As per the Ubuntu Kernel Team, their typical Kernel configuration policy is that options marked EXPERIMENTAL are disabled by default, until a request has been made to justify enabling it. For example, one may find out if an option is marked this way via:

config RT2800USB_RT35XX bool "rt2800usb - Include support for rt35xx devices (EXPERIMENTAL)" depends on EXPERIMENTAL default y ---help--- This adds support for rt35xx wireless chipset family to the rt2800usb driver. Supported chips: RT3572

See also

Kernel (последним исправлял пользователь ckimes 2017-09-26 21:10:21)

The material on this wiki is available under a free license, see Copyright / License for details
You can contribute to this wiki, see Wiki Guide for details

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How to Install the Latest Mainline Linux Kernel Version in Ubuntu [GUI and Terminal Methods]

This article shows you how to upgrade to the latest Linux kernel in Ubuntu. There are two methods discussed. One is manually installing a new kernel and the other uses a GUI tool providing even easier way.

I am assuming that you already know what is a Linux kernel. This is the core software that drives any Linux distribution. Linus Torvalds created it around 30 years ago and still works on it. A newer version of the Linux kernel is released every few months with new features (such as support for more hardware), bug fixes, etc. But most Linux distribution do not provide the latest Linux kernel (with some exceptions like Pop!_OS) unless you use an Arch-based distribution or a rolling release distribution.

Linux distributions aim to provide a reliable experience, so they don’t release a newer version of Linux Kernel to its users unless they test it for regression on their end. They often use a specific kernel release as the base and provide updates on this base kernel instead of giving you the latest mainline kernel.

This does not mean you cannot use the latest Linux kernel in Ubuntu or other distributions you are using. In this tutorial, I’ll discuss various ways to get a new Linux kernel on Ubuntu. Suggested Read 📖

Using the latest Linux kernel in Ubuntu: FAQ

Before we proceed installing the latest Linux kernel version in Ubuntu. Let me highlight some important information to avoid confusion.

Unless you are facing a particular issue or looking for an adventure to experiment, you should not update your system to the latest mainline Linux Kernel.

Upgrading the Linux Kernel manually could break your system. So, you need to have a backup ready to restore things if it happens.

Why install a new Linux kernel version manually?

Suppose the new Linux kernel introduces support for your sound card or Wi-Fi card or some other hardware component. Considering your current Linux Kernel version does not detect your hardware and giving you serious issues, you can choose to upgrade.

HWE kernel option is also available

You should also remember that Ubuntu has this hardware stack enablement (HWE) feature that lets you use a somewhat newer Linux kernel on an Ubuntu LTS release.

Older kernels remain available

Another thing to note is that installing a new kernel doesn’t mean the older kernel has been removed from the system. It remains at your disposal. By default, Ubuntu boots into the newest Linux Kernel installed on the system.

Two ways of installing a new kernel in Ubuntu: Command line and GUI

• Manually download the DEB file for the new Linux kernel and install it in terminal
• Use a GUI tool and install a newer Linux kernel

You can only successfully boot into the newer Linux Kernel if you disable your system’s «Secure Boot» feature.

If you want to enable Secure Boot and enjoy the newer kernel, you will have to sign the Linux Kernel manually, which can be challenging for non-technical users.

Method 1: Manually install the new Linux kernel in Ubuntu using the command line

The latest Linux kernel is called the mainline Linux kernel. You’ll see this term used often.

Step 1: Check currently installed version

You may want to first check the currently installed version of kernel. You can do this by using the uname command in the terminal:

As you can see in the output below, I have kernel version 5.4 installed.

[email protected]:~$ uname -sr Linux 5.4.0-40-generic

Step 2: Download the mainline Linux kernel of your choice

Now you have to download the desired kernel build provided by Ubuntu from here.

You can see the kernel list like this. I am going to download Linux Kernel 6.3. You also should remember to install the stable kernel instead of RC (release candidate).

Now download the appropriate kernel files for your architecture. For 64-bit architecture, you should download these files:

• linux-headers-VERSION-NUMBER_all.deb
• linux-headers-VERSION-NUMBER_amd64.deb
• linux-image-VERSION-NUMBER_amd64.deb
• linux-modules-VERSION-NUMBER_amd64.deb

Step 4: Install the downloaded kernel

Now it’s time to install the downloaded kernel. First, go into the directory where you’ve downloaded the kernel and enter the following command:

It will take some time. After installation is finished, you can list the kernel files and look at them using the following command:

Step 5: Reboot Ubuntu and enjoy the new Linux kernel.

Now that you’ve successfully installed the new kernel in Ubuntu; it’s time to reboot the machine. Ubuntu, by default, boots into the newer kernel version.

After rebooting, check the kernel version with the uname -r command you used earlier. As you can see, it’s updated to 6.3.0.

Rollback the changes and downgrade the Linux Kernel

If you do not like the new Linux Kernel or if you discovered issues with it. You can easily downgrade the Kernel. You have to:

• Boot into an older kernel
• Remove the newer Linux kernel you don’t want

When booting into your system, select the Advanced options for Ubuntu on the grub menu.

If you do not see the grub menu, try holding the shift key or using the Esc key to bring the grub menu.

Here, you’ll see all the Linux kernels installed on your system. Select an older one. Don’t choose the recovery mode; go with the normal ones.

Now that you have booted into your good old kernel, we have to remove the new kernel.

You can use the apt or dpkg command to remove the installed kernel version.

Do you remember the version of the new kernel you installed manually? For me, it was kernel 6.3. So here’s what I use to delete it.

Change the commands with the version you want to install:

sudo apt remove linux-headers-6.3.0* sudo apt remove linux-image-6.3.0* sudo apt remove linux-modules-6.3.0*

Method 2: Upgrade Linux Kernel in Ubuntu Ukuu GUI tool

You can upgrade the Linux kernel in the Linux command line.

But the kernel upgrade procedure is much easier and more convenient with a GUI.

You can use the paid tool called Ukuu (Ubuntu Kernel Update Utility) or an open-source fork mainline.

Step 1: Install mainline in Ubuntu

You can download the deb files from its GitHub releases page.

Step 2: Install kernel with mainline

Once you have installed mainline, start it. It will refresh the list of available Linux kernels available for Ubuntu.

By default, it will show you all the available kernels, including the unstable release kernel (tagged with RC and with the red Tux icon).

Kernel versions from the distributions are labeled with the logo, and the other versions have just the good old Tux logo.

Again, you should avoid the release candidates. Select the desired Kernel version and click on Install. It will download the Linux Kernel that you want and also list what you have currently installed (which is Linux Kernel 5.19 for Ubuntu 22.04 LTS).

Of course, it will require an admin password for this action. Once you have entered your password, you can see the installation progress in the application itself.

You should see something like this when the installation is finished successfully.

Once installation finishes, you’ll see a beneficial screen that tells you if anything goes wrong with the new Linux kernel, you can always choose to boot into the older kernel from the grub menu.

Now it shows that you have Linux Kernel 6.3 installed:

Rollback the changes/Downgrade Linux Kernel with mainline

Rollbacking is done in two steps:

• Boot into an older kernel
• Remove the newer Linux kernel you don’t want

When booting into your system, select the Advanced options for Ubuntu on the grub menu.

Select your old kernel (Linux Kernel 5.19 in this case) to boot into it.

Once you boot into the system with the older Linux kernel, start mainline again.

Ensure that you are not deleting the kernel you are currently running.

Select the newer kernel version you don’t want anymore and click Uninstall.

That’s all you need to do here to downgrade the Linux kernel in Ubuntu.

How do you upgrade the Linux kernel?

I hope this tutorial helped you install the mainline Linux kernel in Ubuntu.

So, do you often upgrade the Linux kernel on your own, or do you wait for your distribution to provide the upgrade? How do you do it? 🤔

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