List all harddrives in a linux system [closed]
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I’m having problems to detect which one of my block devices is the hard drive. My system has a cd-rom drive, USB drives, and a single hard drive of unknown vendor/type. How can I identify the hard drive with a linux command, script, or C application?
3 Answers 3
will show you the available disks in the system
Interesting. I haven’t heard about this lshw program. Is it part of a standard install? My Debian server doesn’t have it. Neither does my FreeBSD installation (but he’s requesting linux, so BSD doesn’t count)
@Aleks G: Perhaps you Debian installation is out of date then: packages.debian.org/search?keywords=lshw
My debian is definitely out of date — it was a standard install provided by a hosting company on a dedicated server about a year ago. The issue is, though, that if a standard install didn’t include it, then he can’t rely on it.
As shuttle87 pointed out, there are several other posts that answer this question. The solution that I prefer is:
root# lsblk -io NAME,TYPE,SIZE,MOUNTPOINT,FSTYPE,MODEL
NAME TYPE SIZE MOUNTPOINT FSTYPE MODEL sdb disk 2.7T WDC WD30EZRX-00D `-sdb1 part 2.7T linux_raid_member `-md0 raid1 2.7T /home xfs sda disk 1.8T ST2000DL003-9VT1 |-sda1 part 196.1M /boot ext3 |-sda2 part 980.5M [SWAP] swap |-sda3 part 8.8G / ext3 |-sda4 part 1K `-sda5 part 1.8T /samba xfs sdc disk 2.7T WDC WD30EZRX-00D `-sdc1 part 2.7T linux_raid_member `-md0 raid1 2.7T /home xfs sr0 rom 1024M CDRWDVD DH-48C2S 6 Different Ways to List Hard Drives in Linux
This detailed guide will give you enough information to start using Emacs, and enough extra to make you want more.
There are several ways to list all the hard drives present in a system through Linux command lines.
Keep in mind a hard drive could be physically connected, virtually connected or even emulated (for example: when you use storage devices such as EMC, Sun or IBM).
Here are some different commands which can list the hard drives, keep in mind there are others but these are probably the most commonly used and easy to get the job done.
Listing Hard Drives in Linux
Please note that some of these commands are actually disk partitioning tools and listing disk partition is one of their features.
Let’s see what commands you can use to show disk info in Linux.
1. df
The df command in Linux is probably one of the most commonly used. It lists the actual “disk space usage” and it can give you information about what hard disks (or current disk space) is being used in the entire system.
The most common way to use it is with the -h argument which means “human readable” (because we are not machines, right?):
[email protected]:~$ df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on udev 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev tmpfs 1.6G 3.5M 1.6G 1% /run /dev/sda2 468G 204G 242G 46% / tmpfs 7.8G 109M 7.7G 2% /dev/shm tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/loop0 7.5M 7.5M 0 100% /snap/canonical-livepatch/54 /dev/loop1 90M 90M 0 100% /snap/core/6034 /dev/loop2 5.0M 5.0M 0 100% /snap/canonical-livepatch/50 /dev/loop4 90M 90M 0 100% /snap/core/6130 /dev/loop3 4.8M 4.8M 0 100% /snap/canonical-livepatch/49 /dev/loop5 89M 89M 0 100% /snap/core/5897 /dev/sda1 511M 6.1M 505M 2% /boot/efi tmpfs 1.6G 16K 1.6G 1% /run/user/121 tmpfs 1.6G 44K 1.6G 1% /run/user/1000As you can see, the first column is the current logic name (or the name you can find it within your system), the second column is how big is each of them, the third column is how much is currently used (in bytes), the fourth column is how much is currently available in each for usage (in bytes), the fifth column is how much is used (in %) and the sixth and last column is where is it physically mounted in your Linux system.
2. fdisk
fdisk is another common option among sysops. It currently lists the different partitions (which is related to hard drives as a hard drive can be divided into several partitions) in your system.
[email protected]:~$ fdisk -l Disk /dev/loop0: 7.5 MiB, 7811072 bytes, 15256 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/loop1: 89.5 MiB, 93818880 bytes, 183240 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/loop2: 4.9 MiB, 5148672 bytes, 10056 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/loop3: 4.7 MiB, 4919296 bytes, 9608 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/loop4: 89.5 MiB, 93835264 bytes, 183272 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/loop5: 88.2 MiB, 92483584 bytes, 180632 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/sda: 477 GiB, 512110190592 bytes, 1000215216 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: gpt Disk identifier: 129F4EE6-2A54-4639-BFCA-2CC09DFC8566 Device Start End Sectors Size Type /dev/sda1 2048 1050623 1048576 512M EFI System /dev/sda2 1050624 1000214527 999163904 476.4G Linux filesystem This will return the entire amount of space (in GB or MB), the entire amount of bytes and the entire amount of sectors per each partition and as a summary, it also gives you the start and end sectors, the amount of disk space (in Bytes) and the type of partition.
Tip: Usually a SATA disk is labelled with sd.
3. lsblk
This one is a little more sophisticated but gets the job done as it lists all block devices. It will give you a very simple list of all devices:
[email protected]:~$ lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT loop0 7:0 0 7.5M 1 loop /snap/canonical-livepatch/54 loop1 7:1 0 89.5M 1 loop /snap/core/6034 loop2 7:2 0 4.9M 1 loop /snap/canonical-livepatch/50 loop3 7:3 0 4.7M 1 loop /snap/canonical-livepatch/49 loop4 7:4 0 89.5M 1 loop /snap/core/6130 loop5 7:5 0 88.2M 1 loop /snap/core/5897 sda 8:0 0 477G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 512M 0 part /boot/efi └─sda2 8:2 0 476.4G 0 part /It is probably more visual than the others as it even shows the partitions per each disk in a visual way (like the sda in the example above). It also gives information about the total size per each partition and disk and the physical location for each. This is very commonly used when you need to mount things to be used (like a USB stick or similar) so you can know where is it in order to proceed to mount it.
4. cfdisk
cfdisk is probably the most advanced one in GUI (Graphical User Interface), as it is absolutely visual and interactive. It allows at first to list all disks/partitions in your system but it also allows you to manage them by selecting them and then applying actions such as “Delete”, “Resize”, “Type” (to change partition Type) and “Write” changes done to partitions.
It also gives you very friendly information about each partition and disk as it gives you where does each partition cylinders start and ends, amount of sectors used by each one and the full size of each one with its type. It won’t give you for example how much is used or free to use.
5. parted
This one is similar to previous ones mentioned, it lists all partitions and allows to manage them. Its main difference is that it also informs you the brand and model of your hard disks and even the type of connectivity used in it (scsi, sata, etc) and total disk size.
[email protected]:~$ sudo parted -l Model: ATA LITEON CV1-8B512 (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 512GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 538MB 537MB fat32 EFI System Partition boot, esp6. sfdisk
This is very similar to fdisk, however sfdisk allows you to see both physical and logical volumes and also gives you a “summary” of the actual physical volumes’ partitions with the cylinders (start and end), sectors, size and type.
Probably the “s” is for “super”, as it is a fdisk with super powers:
[email protected]:~$ sudo sfdisk -l Disk /dev/loop0: 88.2 MiB, 92483584 bytes, 180632 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/loop1: 4.7 MiB, 4919296 bytes, 9608 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/loop2: 4.9 MiB, 5148672 bytes, 10056 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/loop3: 89.5 MiB, 93818880 bytes, 183240 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/loop4: 7.5 MiB, 7811072 bytes, 15256 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/loop5: 89.5 MiB, 93835264 bytes, 183272 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/sda: 477 GiB, 512110190592 bytes, 1000215216 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: gpt Disk identifier: 129F4EE6-2A54-4639-BFCA-2CC09DFC8566 Device Start End Sectors Size Type /dev/sda1 2048 1050623 1048576 512M EFI System /dev/sda2 1050624 1000214527 999163904 476.4G Linux filesystemThese commands should allow you to at least see what logical volumes, partitions and hard drives you have in your system and make use of this information for whatever reason you need it, being this just to know more or manipulate any of these.
Most of these commands also give you managing capabilities to modify and manipulate partitions at your will, so make sure to use them with responsibility.
If you like checking system information, do read the article about getting processor information in Linux command line.
If you have any questions or suggestions, do let me know in the comment section.
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how to list all hard disks in linux from command line
Hard Disk, Hard Drive, Disk Drive or Hard Disk Drive are all names for a data storage device (hardware device) for storing and retrieving digital information usually in a computer. A computer can have multiple hard disks attached to it, both internal and external.
Now these hard disks can be further divided to multiple logical containers in order to host different file systems or to keep file systems/files separate. These are called partitions and they can then mounted independently with out affecting the other disks and partitions. At a high level abstraction, you can view partition as separate disks as well.
Hard disks on a system are detected and/or identified by various device drivers in the kernel and then assigned an unique device id at boot time, enabling it to be mounted and read later (yeah, this is an over simplification of how it all works but it should suffice for this post). We will see later in the post how you can list disks that have been identified by the system.
The hard disks can be differentiated based on the interface used to interact with them. Some of the commonly used types of disk are SCSI (Small Computer System Interface), ATA or IDE (Advanced Technology Attachment), SATA (Serial ATA), SAS (Serial Attached SCSI) among others. As I mentioned, the physical hard disk is assigned an unique id at startup. This can configured (using udev among others) so that you can assign it pretty much id, but usually most systems follow some universally accepted conventions when naming devices.
By convention, the IDE disks use the device id prefixed with hd and the SCSI (and SATA) disks prefix their device id with sd. So, an IDE disk would be located at /dev/hd(*). eg: /dev/hda, /dev/hdb etc. Similarly, the SCSI disks would be /dev/sda, /dev/sdb etc or in general of the format /dev/sd(*).