Linux mode in windows 10

Что такое подсистема Windows для Linux

Подсистема Windows для Linux позволяет разработчикам запускать среду GNU/Linux с большинством программ командной строки, служебных программ и приложений непосредственно в Windows без каких-либо изменений и необходимости использовать традиционную виртуальную машину или двойную загрузку.

• Выберите предпочтительные дистрибутивы GNU/Linux из Microsoft Store.
• Запускайте средства командной строки, например grep , sed , awk , или другие двоичные файлы ELF-64.
• Запускайте сценарии Bash Shell и приложения командной строки GNU/Linux, включая:
  • инструменты: vim, emacs, tmux;
  • Языки: NodeJS, Javascript, Python, Ruby, C/C++, C# & F#, Rust, Go и пр.
  • Службы. SSHD, MySQL, Apache, lighttpd, MongoDB, PostgreSQL.

  Что такое WSL 2?

  WSL 2 — это новая версия архитектуры подсистемы Windows для Linux, которая поддерживает подсистему Windows для Linux, чтобы запускать двоичные файлы Linux ELF64 в Windows. Ее основными приоритетами является увеличение производительности файловой системы и добавление полной совместимости системных вызовов.

  Эта новая архитектура изменяет способ взаимодействия этих двоичных файлов Linux с Windows и с оборудованием компьютера, но по-прежнему предоставляет то же взаимодействие с пользователем, что и WSL 1 (текущая общедоступная версия).

  Отдельные дистрибутивы Linux можно запускать с архитектурой WSL 1 или WSL 2. Каждый дистрибутив можно обновить или использовать на более старой версии в любое время, кроме того вы можете запустить дистрибутивы WSL 1 и WSL 2 параллельно. WSL 2 использует совершенно новую архитектуру, которая дает преимущества от работы с реальным ядром Linux.

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  Run Linux GUI apps on the Windows Subsystem for Linux

  Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) now supports running Linux GUI applications (X11 and Wayland) on Windows in a fully integrated desktop experience.

  WSL 2 enables Linux GUI applications to feel native and natural to use on Windows.

  • Launch Linux apps from the Windows Start menu
  • Pin Linux apps to the Windows task bar
  • Use alt-tab to switch between Linux and Windows apps
  • Cut + Paste across Windows and Linux apps

  You can now integrate both Windows and Linux applications into your workflow for a seamless desktop experience.

  

  Install support for Linux GUI apps

  Prerequisites

  • You will need to be on Windows 10 Build 19044+ or Windows 11 to access this feature.
  • Installed driver for vGPU To run Linux GUI apps, you should first install the driver matching your system below. This will enable you to use a virtual GPU (vGPU) so you can benefit from hardware accelerated OpenGL rendering.
    • Intel GPU driver
    • AMD GPU driver
    • NVIDIA GPU driver

    Fresh install — No prior WSL installation

    You can now install everything you need to run Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) by entering this command in an administrator PowerShell or Windows Command Prompt and then restarting your machine.

    Once your machine has finished rebooting, installation will continue and you will be asked to enter a username and password. This will be your Linux credential for the Ubuntu distribution.

    You’re now ready to begin using Linux GUI apps on WSL!

    Existing WSL install

    If you already have WSL installed on your machine, you can update to the latest version that includes Linux GUI support by running the update command from an elevated command prompt.

    1. Select Start, type PowerShell, right-click Windows PowerShell, and then select Run as administrator.
    2. Enter the WSL update command:

    Linux GUI apps are only supported with WSL 2 and will not work with a Linux distribution configured for WSL 1. Read about how to change your distribution from WSL 1 to WSL 2.

    Run Linux GUI apps

    You can run the following commands from your Linux terminal to download and install these popular Linux applications. If you are using a different distribution than Ubuntu, it may use a different package manager than apt. Once the Linux application is installed, you can find it in your Start menu under the distribution name. For example: Ubuntu -> Microsoft Edge .

    Support for GUI apps on WSL does not provide a full desktop experience. It relies on Windows desktop, so installing desktop-focused tools or apps may not be supported. To request additional support, you can file an issue in the WSLg repo on GitHub.

    Update the packages in your distribution

    Install Gnome Text Editor

    Gnome Text Editor is the default text editor of the GNOME desktop environment.

    sudo apt install gnome-text-editor -y 

    To launch your bashrc file in the editor, enter: gnome-text-editor ~/.bashrc

    Install GIMP

    GIMP is a free and open-source raster graphics editor used for image manipulation and image editing, free-form drawing, transcoding between different image file formats, and more specialized tasks.

    Install Nautilus

    Nautilus, also known as GNOME Files, is the file manager for the GNOME desktop. (Similar to Windows File Explorer).

    sudo apt install nautilus -y 

    Install VLC

    VLC is a free and open source cross-platform multimedia player and framework that plays most multimedia files.

    Install X11 apps

    X11 is the Linux windowing system and this is a miscellaneous collection of apps and tools that ship with it, such as the xclock, xcalc calculator, xclipboard for cut and paste, xev for event testing, etc. See the x.org docs for more info.

    sudo apt install x11-apps -y 

    To launch, enter the name of the tool you would like to use. For example:

    Install Google Chrome for Linux

    To install the Google Chrome for Linux:

    1. Change directories into the temp folder: cd /tmp
    2. Use wget to download it: sudo wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
    3. Get the current stable version: sudo dpkg -i google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
    4. Fix the package: sudo apt install —fix-broken -y
    5. Configure the package: sudo dpkg -i google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb

    To launch, enter: google-chrome

    Install Microsoft Edge browser for Linux

    Find information on how to install the Microsoft Edge browser for Linux using the command line on the Edge Insider site. Select Get instructions under the Command line installation section of the page.

    To launch, enter: microsoft-edge

    Troubleshooting

    If you have any problem starting GUI applications please check this guide first: Diagnosing «cannot open display» type issues with WSLg

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