Linux mount all unmounted

How to Mount and Unmount Filesystem in Linux

Managing storage devices and filesystems is a fundamental skill for Linux users and administrators. As you work with Linux, you’ll frequently need to mount and unmount filesystems to access and manage data stored on various storage devices. This article will provide a comprehensive guide on mounting and unmounting filesystems in Linux, helping you master storage management and enhance your Linux experience.

1. Understanding Mounting and Unmounting

In Linux, before you can access the files and directories stored on a device, you must first “mount” the filesystem. Mounting a filesystem involves attaching it to a specific directory in the existing filesystem hierarchy. This designated directory, known as the mount point, serves as an access point to the mounted filesystem.

Unmounting, on the other hand, is the process of detaching a filesystem from its mount point, making it inaccessible to the user.

2. Identifying Storage Devices

Before you can mount a filesystem, you need to identify the storage device you want to access. You can use the “lsblk” command to list all available block devices and their associated partitions:

Another useful command is “fdisk”, which displays detailed information about your storage devices and their partitions:

3. Creating a Mount Point

To create a mount point, you need to choose or create a directory that will serve as the access point for the mounted filesystem. You can create a new directory using the “mkdir” command:

4. Mounting a Filesystem

To mount a filesystem, use the “mount” command followed by the device name and the mount point:

sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/my-storage 

The filesystem on the specified device will now be accessible through the mount point directory.

5. Unmounting a Filesystem

To unmount a filesystem, use the “umount” command followed by the mount point:

The filesystem will now be detached from the mount point and become inaccessible.

6. Automounting Filesystems

If you want a filesystem to be mounted automatically at system startup, you can configure the “/etc/fstab” file. The “fstab” file contains a list of filesystems and their corresponding mount points, options, and other parameters.

To edit the “fstab” file, open it with a text editor such as “nano” or “vim”:

Add a new line with the following format:

Save the file and exit the text editor. The specified filesystem will now be mounted automatically at startup.

Conclusion

Mounting and unmounting filesystems in Linux is a fundamental skill that is essential for effective storage management. By understanding the process and its related commands, you can easily access, manage, and configure storage devices and their filesystems. This comprehensive guide has provided you with the tools and knowledge necessary to master storage management in Linux, enabling you to manage your data efficiently and enhance your overall Linux experience.

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4 Comments

I have a dedicated server provided to me by 1and1. I started migrating websites to the server only to realise that I am running out of disk space. I had to clear my backups in order to continue migrating my sites. I thought this to be weird as the server comes with 4T of disk space. On accessing the system via ssh. I see the following setup by 1and1: #vgdisplay — Volume group —
VG Name vg00
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 8
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 3
Open LV 3
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 13823
Alloc PE / Size 11520 / 45.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 2303 / VG UUID CmLv2a-xKAn-cFQQ-K4TU-f5y2-UK8K-Uv1PO9 — Volume group —
VG Name hdd
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 2
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 1
Open LV 1
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 938308
Alloc PE / Size 1024 / 4.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 937284 / VG UUID Pv2xfH-zkE1-hgH0-dOzZ-FgKp-IobS-5C2zea Also #pvscan reveals this:
PV /dev/sda3 VG vg00 lvm2 [ PV /dev/sdb1 VG hdd lvm2 [ — Physical volume —
PV Name /dev/sda3
VG Name vg00
PV Size Allocatable yes
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 13823
Free PE 767
Allocated PE 13056
PV UUID 6J06IE-52et-s8aV-bXk0-alud-0N1v-NEwHHr — Physical volume —
PV Name /dev/sdb1
VG Name hdd
PV Size Allocatable yes
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 938308
Free PE 937284
Allocated PE 1024
PV UUID bGlBQQ-gnmF-gOav-VTfj-np5R-sAKs-YNxemq I would like to reduce the physical volume in /dev/sdb1 by 2 or 3TB and increase /dev/sda3 by the same amount. Can this be done? If so what process would I need to follow? If not I noticed mentioned in the replies «Migrating the websites to hdd» What process would I have to follow and what are the implications of doing this? Logical Volumes: — Logical volume —
LV Path /dev/vg00/usr
LV Name usr
VG Name vg00
LV UUID sRvgQ3-W80K-AJQD-lZid-fqF3-1KTY-JH2Ul0
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time ,
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 15.00 GiB
Current LE 3840
Segments 2
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
– currently set to 8192
Block device 253:0 — Logical volume —
LV Path /dev/vg00/var
LV Name var
VG Name vg00
LV UUID xWSCRG-vBPH-JLha-yJ8X-3zMP-WgRG-AOoJqO
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time ,
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 31.00 GiB
Current LE 7936
Segments 3
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
– currently set to 8192
Block device 253:1 — Logical volume —
LV Path /dev/vg00/home
LV Name home
VG Name vg00
LV UUID 2foQrE-Wy3C-Ig1Z-zIDy-tTFQ-YyO5-ayHBZl
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time ,
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 5.00 GiB
Current LE 1280
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
– currently set to 8192
Block device 253:2 — Logical volume —
LV Path /dev/hdd/data
LV Name data
VG Name hdd
LV UUID GwJgTL-LC8r-jn0a-yQ5H-mTX3-dARL-Xz0eOU
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time ,
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 4.00 GiB
Current LE 1024
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
– currently set to 8192
Block device 253:3 I increased the LV on /dev/vg00/var by 100% (This is where the websites are stored). but this will quickly be used up once I continue to migrate more sites over! This may also help. This is from running the mount command I have removed additional lines: /dev/sda1 on / type ext3 (rw,noatime,data=ordered)
/dev/mapper/vg00-usr on /usr type ext4 (rw,noatime,data=ordered)
/dev/mapper/hdd-data on /data type ext4 (rw,noatime,quota,usrquota,data=ordered)
/dev/mapper/vg00-home on /home type ext4 (rw,noatime,quota,usrquota,data=ordered)
/dev/mapper/vg00-var on /var type ext4 (rw,noatime,quota,usrquota,data=ordered) Thank you for your responses much appreciated!

which one of the following system that you cannot mount with the mount command .
a) iso9660 b)swap c)FAT d)root e)VFAT

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How to List Unmounted partition of a harddisk and Mount them?

To address the listing of the unmounted partitions part, there are several ways — lsblk , fdisk , parted , blkid .

$ lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 111.8G 0 disk └─sda1 8:1 0 111.8G 0 part / sdb 8:16 0 232.9G 0 disk ├─sdb1 8:17 0 1.5G 0 part ├─sdb2 8:18 0 138.6G 0 part /media/WINDOWS ├─sdb3 8:19 0 8.1G 0 part ├─sdb4 8:20 0 1K 0 part ├─sdb5 8:21 0 68.5G 0 part └─sdb6 8:22 0 5.8G 0 part loop0 7:0 0 100G 0 loop └─docker-8:1-1589297-pool (dm-0) 252:0 0 100G 0 dm loop1 7:1 0 2G 0 loop └─docker-8:1-1589297-pool (dm-0) 252:0 0 100G 0 dm $ sudo fdisk -l [sudo] password for xieerqi: Disk /dev/sda: 120.0 GB, 120034123776 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 14593 cylinders, total 234441648 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000b5321 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 234440703 117219328 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdb: 250.1 GB, 250059350016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders, total 488397168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x96360d50 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 2048 3074047 1536000 27 Hidden NTFS WinRE /dev/sdb2 3074048 293617502 145271727+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sdb3 471437312 488396799 8479744 17 Hidden HPFS/NTFS /dev/sdb4 293617662 471437311 88909825 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 315830272 459382783 71776256 83 Linux /dev/sdb6 459384832 471437311 6026240 82 Linux swap / Solaris Partition table entries are not in disk order Disk /dev/mapper/docker-8:1-1589297-pool: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders, total 209715200 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 65536 bytes / 65536 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/docker-8:1-1589297-pool doesn't contain a valid partition table $ sudo parted -l [sudo] password for xieerqi: Model: ATA Radeon R7 (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 120GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 1049kB 120GB 120GB primary ext4 boot Model: ATA TOSHIBA MK2555GS (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 250GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 1049kB 1574MB 1573MB primary ntfs boot, diag 2 1574MB 150GB 149GB primary ntfs 4 150GB 241GB 91.0GB extended 5 162GB 235GB 73.5GB logical ext4 6 235GB 241GB 6171MB logical linux-swap(v1) 3 241GB 250GB 8683MB primary ntfs hidden Model: Linux device-mapper (thin-pool) (dm) Disk /dev/mapper/docker-8:1-1589297-pool: 107GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: loop Number Start End Size File system Flags 1 0.00B 107GB 107GB ext4 $ sudo blkid [sudo] password for xieerqi: /dev/sda1: UUID="86df21bf-d95f-435c-9292-273bdbcba056" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sdb1: LABEL="System" UUID="F4F688B2F68876A0" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sdb2: LABEL="TI105866W0A" UUID="4EBAAE53BAAE36FD" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sdb3: LABEL="HDDRECOVERY" UUID="BC4ED40D4ED3BDF8" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sdb5: UUID="0ca7543a-5463-4a07-8bbe-233a7b0bd625" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sdb6: UUID="3a6e2270-19a2-49d7-aab3-5efb92d3b3d0" TYPE="swap" /dev/loop0: UUID="a3693b88-7899-4628-848d-d9012205cf56" TYPE="ext4" /dev/mapper/docker-8:1-1589297-pool: UUID="a3693b88-7899-4628-848d-d9012205cf56" TYPE="ext4" $ 

One could use a little bit of AWK magic to parse output of lsblk to list all the unmounted partitions :

$ lsblk --noheadings --raw | awk '$1~/s.*[[:digit:]]/ && $7==""' sdb1 8:17 0 1.5G 0 part sdb3 8:19 0 8.1G 0 part sdb4 8:20 0 1K 0 part sdb5 8:21 0 68.5G 0 part sdb6 8:22 0 5.8G 0 part 

$ lsblk --noheadings --raw -o NAME,MOUNTPOINT | awk '$1~/[[:digit:]]/ && $2 == ""' sdb1 sdb2 sdb3 sdb4 sdb5 

What exactly is happening there is that we’re listing all the lines which have first column starting with letter s (because that’s how drives typically are named) and ending with a number (which represent partitions). In my previous output you could see that I have other filesystems, such as for docker, so in the above command we’re getting rid of all the unnecessary stuff.

Mounting Partitions

I’ve found that mount can be picky： it needs to know exact filesystem, it needs to be run as root, etc. udisksctl mount -b /dev/sXY is a much better command, can be ran as regular user, and mounts automatically to the /media/$USER/ folder. For example,

$ udisksctl mount -b /dev/sdb5 Mounted /dev/sdb5 at /media/xieerqi/0ca7543a-5463-4a07-8bbe-233a7b0bd625. 

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