Linux обмен файлами ssh

4 Ways to Transfer Files Between Remote and Local Systems Over SSH

From legacy scp to modern rsync. From the unconventional sshfs to the GUI convenience of FileZilla. Learn different ways for copying files over SSH.

Sooner or later, you’ll find yourself in a situation where you have to upload the file to the remote server over SSH or copy a file from it.

There are various ways you can transfer files over SSH. I am going to discuss the following methods here:

1. scp: Legacy command which is being deprecated
2. rsync: Popular command for file synchronization
3. sshfs: Mounting remote directory over SSH
4. sftp clients: GUI tool for accessing file over SFTP

For a successful file transfer over SSH, you need to

• have SSH access between the two machines
• know the username and password on the remote machine
• know the IP address or hostname (on the same subnet) of the remote machine

With that aside, let’s see the methods for copying files between remote systems via SSH.

Method 1: Use scp command to copy files over SSH

I have read that scp is going to be deprecated. Still, it is my favorite tool for transferring files between systems over SSH. Why? Because its syntax is similar to the cp command.

Let’s see how to use the scp command.

Copy files from the remote machine to your local machine

Here’s the scenario. You want to copy files from the remote Linux system to the currently logged in system.

Here’s a generic syntax that copies the file from the home directory of the user on the remote system to the current directory of your locally logged in system.

scp [email protected]_address:/home/username/filename .

Do you see the similarity with the cp command? It’s almost the same except that you have to specify username and ip address with colon (:).

Now, let me show you a real-world example of this command.

In the example above, I copied the file remote.txt from the /home/abhishek/my_file directory on the remote system to the current directory of the local machine.

This should give you a hint that you should know the exact location of the file on the remote system. The tab completion does not work on remote systems.

Copy files from your local machine to the remote machine

The scenario is slightly changed here. In this one, you are sending a local file to the remote system over SSH using scp.

This is a generic syntax which will copy the filename to the home directory of username on the remote system.

In the above example, I copied local.txt file from the current directory to the home directory of the user abhishek on the remote system.

Then I logged into the remote system to show that the file has actually been copied.

You can copy directories too

Remember I told you I like scp because of its similarity with the cp command?

Like cp command, you can also use scp to copy directory over SSH. The syntax is similar to the cp command too. You just have to use the -r option.

scp -r source_dir [email protected]_address:/home/username/target_dir

You can do a lot more with it. Read some more examples of scp command in this tutorial:

Method 2: Use rsync to copy files and directories over SSH

Since scp is being deprecated, rsync is the next best tool for copying files between remote system over SSH. Actually, it is better than scp in many terms.

The command syntax is the same as scp. Older versions of rsync had to use rsync -e ssh but that’s not the case anymore.

Copy files from the remote machine to your local machine

Let’s say you want to copy a file from the home directory of the user on the remote system to the current directory of your locally logged in system.

rsync [email protected]_address:/home/username/filename .

Let’s take the same example you saw with scp. I am copying the file remote.txt from the /home/abhishek/my_file directory on the remote system to the current directory of the local machine.

Copy files from your local machine to the remote machine

Here is a generic syntax which will copy the file to the home directory of username on the remote system.

Time to see the real world example. I am copying local.txt file from the current directory to the home directory of the user abhishek on the remote system.

How about copying directories with rsync?

It’s the same. Just use -r option with rsync to copy entire directory over SSH between remote systems.

rsync -r source_dir [email protected]_address:/home/username/target_dir

Take a look at this example. I copy the entire my_file directory from the remote system to the local system.

rsync is a versatile tool. It is essentially a tool for ‘recursively syncing’ the contents between two directories and quite popular for making automated backups.

Method 3: Using SSHFS to access files from remote system over SSH

There is also SSHFS (SSH Filesystem) that can be used to access remote files and directories. However, this is not very convenient just for copying files.

In this method, you mount the remote directory on your local system. Once mounted, you can copy files between the mounted directory and the local system.

You may need to install sshfs on your local system first using your distribution’s package manager.

On Debian and Ubuntu, you may use the following command:

Once you have sshfs installed on your system, you can use it to mount the remote directory. It would be better to create a dedicated directory for the mount point.

Now mount the desired directory on the remote machine in this fashion:

sshfs [email protected]_address:path_to_dir mount_dir

Once it is mounted, you can copy files into this directory or from this directory as if it is on your local machine itself.

Remember that you have mounted this file. Once your work is done, you should also unmount it:

Here’s an example where I mounted the my_file directory from the remote system to the remote_dir directory on the local system. I copied the remote.txt file to the local system and then unmounted the directory.

Method 4: Use a GUI-based SFTP client for transferring files between remote systems

As the last resort, you can use an FTP client for transferring files between remote and local systems.

FileZilla is one of the most popular cross-platform FTP client. You can easily install on your local system.

Once installed, go to File->Site Manager and add the remote system details like IP address, SSH port number, username and password.

Once you connect, you can see a split window view that shows the local filesystem on the left and the remote filesystem on the right.

To transfer the file, drag and drop files from left to right or right to left. A progress bar appears at the bottom.

Which method do you prefer?

Alright! I showed various command line and GUI methods that can be used for copying files over SSH.

Now it is up to you to decide which method to use here. Do comment your preferred method for transferring files over SSH.

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SSH / TransferFiles

Another important function of SSH is allowing secure file transfer using SCP and SFTP.

Secure Copy (scp)

Just as all modern Unix-like systems have an SSH client, they also have SCP and SFTP clients. To copy a file from your computer to another computer with ssh, go to a command-line and type:

For example, to copy your TPS Reports to Joe’s Desktop:

scp "TPS Reports.odw" joe@laptop:Desktop/

This will copy TPS Reports.odw to /home/joe/Desktop, because SCP uses your home folder as the destination unless the destination folder begins with a ‘/’.

To copy the pictures from your holiday to your website, you could do:

scp -r /media/disk/summer_pics/ mike@192.168.1.1:"/var/www/Summer 2008/"

The -r (recursive) option means to copy the whole folder and any sub-folders. You can also copy files the other way:

scp -r catbert@192.168.1.103:/home/catbert/evil_plans/ .

The ‘.’ means to copy the file to the current directory. Alternatively, you could use secret_plans instead of ‘.’, and the folder would be renamed.

Secure FTP (sftp)

Finally, if you want to look around the remote machine and copy files interactively, you can use SFTP:

This will start an SFTP session that you can use to interactively move files between computers.

SSHFS

SSHFS is a recent addition to Linux that allows you to make a remote filesystem available over SSH act as if it was inside a folder on your own system. See SSHFS for details.

GNOME

Click File -> Connect to Server. Select SSH for Service Type, write the name or IP address of the computer you’re connecting to in Server. Click Add Bookmark if you want to make the connection available later in the Places sidebar. There are options to login as a different User Name, on a different Port number, and use a different default Folder.

Files can be copied by dragging and dropping between this window and other windows.

KDE

Open Konqueror, and in the address bar type:

fish://username@server_address

Files can be copied by dragging and dropping them between this window or tab and to other windows or tabs.

Using other programs

SecPanel and PuTTY also have file transfer utilities, although they’re generally not as easy to use as the ones discussed above.

SSH/TransferFiles (последним исправлял пользователь c-71-237-198-100 2015-01-16 00:19:38)

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Как копировать и передавать файлы по SSH

В статье мы расскажем, как передать файлы через SSH на разных операционных системах — Windows и Linux.

Для подключения к серверу вам потребуются:

• IP-адрес или имя сервера,
• логин пользователя (в том числе root),
• пароль пользователя,
• порт.

Чаще всего копирование файлов через SSH делают с помощью двух мини-программ:

1. scp (Secure Copy) — утилита для Linux. Она позволяет безопасно передать или скачать файл по протоколу SSH. Программа scp входит в комплект OpenSSH и не требует установки.
2. pscp.exe — это утилита для Windows. Она используется по тому же назначению, что и scp: подключение к серверу по SSH и работа с файлами. Эта мини-программа входит в состав PuTTY: ее можно скачать на официальном сайте. Процедура настройки SSH-клиента описана в нашей статье.

Важно: если загружаемый файл существует на целевом хосте, он перезапишется.

Работа через SSH предполагает использование консольных команд. Наиболее популярные из них вы можете найти в статье.

Как скопировать файл через SSH на Linux

Копирование файлов по SSH на Linux можно сделать с помощью scp. Эта утилита позволяет:

• передать файл с локального компьютера на удаленный сервер,
• скачать файл с удаленного сервера на локальный компьютер.

Команда scp имеет следующий синтаксис:

Как отправить файл по SSH с локального компьютера на сервер

• /home/test.doc — путь к файлу на локальном компьютере;
• username — имя SSH-пользователя;
• servername — имя сервера или его IP-адрес;
• directory — директория на сервере, в которую нужно загрузить файл.

Готово, вы загрузили файл на сервер.

Как скачать файлы с удаленного сервера на компьютер

• /directory/test.doc — путь к файлу на сервере;
• username — имя SSH-пользователя;
• servername — имя сервера или его IP-адрес;
• home — папка на компьютере, в которую нужно загрузить файл.

Готово, вы скачали файл на компьютер.

Как скопировать файлы по SSH на Windows

Копирование через SSH на ОС Windows выполняется с помощью утилиты pscp.exe из набора PuTTY.

Как загрузить файл с компьютера на сервер

• /documents/test.doc — путь к файлу на локальном компьютере;
• username — имя SSH-пользователя;
• servername — имя сервера или его IP-адрес;
• directory — директория на сервере, в которую нужно загрузить файл.

Если название файла или путь содержит пробелы, заключите его в кавычки:

Готово, вы загрузили файл на сервер.

Как скачать файл через SSH на локальный компьютер

• username — имя SSH-пользователя;
• servername — имя сервера или его IP-адрес;
• directory/test.doc — путь к файлу на сервере;
• /documents — директория на локальном компьютере, в которую нужно загрузить файл.

Если название файла или путь содержит пробелы, заключите его в кавычки:

Готово, вы скачали файл на компьютер.

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