Linux on flash drive ubuntu

Introduction

Ubuntu can be installed from a USB flash drive. This may be necessary for most new portable computers without DVD drives and is handy for others because a USB flash drive is so convenient. Also, you can configure Ubuntu on the USB flash drive to save changes you make, unlike a read-only CD/DVD disk.

Booting from a USB flash drive created with usb-creator alias Startup Disk Creator and mkusb will behave just as if you had booted from the install CD. It will show the language selection and then the install menu, from which you can install Ubuntu onto the computer’s hard drive or launch the LiveCD environment. Other utilities, e.g. UNetbootin, may create slightly different boot drives or if on UEFI might not work at all with Debian iso files due to a bug

Note: This article uses the term «USB flash drive» alongside USB stick, USB drive, USB device, USB pendrive and thumb drive.

Prerequisites

• a 4 GB USB flash device/drive/stick. If the iso file is smaller than 2 GB, it is possible to use a 2 GB USB device, at least with some of the methods. Files on this USB device will be erased, so backup the files you want to keep before making the device bootable. Some of the tools require that this USB device is properly formatted and mounted while other tools will overwrite whatever is on the target device. Please follow the instructions for each tool.
• an Ubuntu flavour ISO file downloaded from an official web page, ubuntu.com/download or http://releases.ubuntu.com, stored in your running computer (for example in the directory Downloads in the internal drive, not in the USB flash drive that you want to make into a USB boot drive).
• Check with md5sum (or another checksum tool) that the download was good. In Linux there is the tool ‘md5sum’. In Windows you can do it with Rufus: click on the circle with a tick mark (more about Rufus here.)

Dummy headlines

After a major remake of this help page the following headlines are kept here because they may be linked to from other web sites. Several other headlines further down in the page are also kept for this reason.

Источник

Create a bootable USB stick with Rufus on Windows

This tutorial will show you how to create a bootable USB stick on Microsoft Windows using Rufus.

For most users we recommend balenaEtcher instead of Rufus which is simpler to use and also available on MacOS and Ubuntu. Instructions are now included in the primary Install Ubuntu Desktop tutorial.

Creating a bootable Ubuntu USB stick from Microsoft Windows is very simple and we’re going to cover the process in the next few steps.

Alternatively, we also have tutorials to help you create a bootable USB stick from both Ubuntu and Apple macOS.

2. Requirements

• A 4GB or larger USB stick/flash drive
• Microsoft Windows XP or later
• Rufus, a free and open source USB stick writing tool
• An Ubuntu ISO file. See Get Ubuntu for download links

Take note of where your browser saves downloads: this is normally a directory called ‘Downloads’ on your Windows PC. Don’t download the ISO image directly to the USB stick! If using Windows XP or Vista, download version 2.18 of Rufus.

3. USB selection

Perform the following to configure your USB device in Rufus:

1. Launch Rufus
2. Insert your USB stick
3. Rufus will update to set the device within the Device field
4. If the Device selected is incorrect (perhaps you have multiple USB storage devices), select the correct one from the device field’s drop-down menu

You can avoid the hassle of selecting from a list of USB devices by ensuring no other devices are connected.

4. Select the Ubuntu ISO file

To select the Ubuntu ISO file you downloaded previously, click the SELECT to the right of “Boot selection”. If this is the only ISO file present in the Downloads folder you will only see one file listed.

Select the appropriate ISO file and click on Open.

5. Write the ISO

The Volume label will be updated to reflect the ISO selected.

Leave all other parameters with their default values and click START to initiate the write process.

6. Additional downloads

You may be alerted that Rufus requires additional files to complete writing the ISO. If this dialog box appears, select Yes to continue.

7. Write warnings

You will then be alerted that Rufus has detected that the Ubuntu ISO is an ISOHybrid image. This means the same image file can be used as the source for both a DVD and a USB stick without requiring conversion.

Keep Write in ISO Image mode selected and click on OK to continue.

Rufus will also warn you that all data on your selected USB device is about to be destroyed. This is a good moment to double check you’ve selected the correct device before clicking OK when you’re confident you have.

If your USB stick contains multiple partitions Rufus will warn you in a separate pane that these will also be destroyed.

8. Writing the ISO

The ISO will now be written to your USB stick, and the progress bar in Rufus will give you some indication of where you are in the process. With a reasonably modern machine, this should take around 10 minutes. Total elapsed time is shown in the lower right corner of the Rufus window.

9. Installation complete

When Rufus has finished writing the USB device, the Status bar will be filled green and the word READY will appear in the center. Select CLOSE to complete the write process.

Congratulations! You now have Ubuntu on a USB stick, bootable and ready to go.

To use it you need to insert the stick into your target PC or laptop and reboot the device. It should recognise the installation media automatically during startup but you may need to hold down a specific key (usually F12) to bring up the boot menu and choose to boot from USB.

For a full walkthrough of installing Ubuntu, take a look at our install Ubuntu desktop tutorial.

Finding help

If you get stuck, help is always at hand:

Источник

Установка полноценной Ubuntu на USB-накопитель

Очень часто у людей возникает желание или необходимость поставить Ubuntu на USB-накопитель и получить возможность пользоваться своей ОС на любом компьютере (лишь бы была возможность загрузится с USB).

В этой статье описывается процесс установки Ubuntu на USB-накопители.

Не стоит путать установку с простой записью образа. Подробнее о записи образов на на USB-накопители смотрите в Usb-creator-gtk.

Некоторые важные замечания и полезная информация собраны в статье Установка и использование Ubuntu на USB флешке. Стоит ознакомиться с ней перед началом установки Ubuntu на USB-накопитель.

Подготовка к установке

Скачайте образ системы отсюда. Если не планируете запускать систему на машинах с более 4 Гб оперативной памяти предпочтительней выбирать 32-х разрядную.

Запись образа

После того, как образ загрузился, его надо записать на CD или USB-накопитель.

На USB носитель образ проще всего записать при помощи UNetbootin. Эта программа существует под большинство популярных ОС (Windows, Linux, Mac) и достаточно проста в обращении. Все что потребуется – указать путь к скачанному образу и выбрать диск, на который будет записан образ.

Можно обойтись без записи образа на какие-либо носители воспользовавшись виртуальной машиной, например VirtualBox или QEMU. Достаточно лишь пробросить в виртуальную машину USB-накопитель. Дальнейшие инструкции для этого метода не поменяются.

Загрузка

Перед тем как загрузится, убедитесь, что в BIOS первым загрузочным устройством выбран USB или CD-ROM, в зависимости от того, с чего вы производите загрузку. В BIOS можно попасть нажав клавишу Del для стационарных компьютеров и F2 или F12 для ноутбуков. О том, как выбрать устройство для загрузки смотрите в интернете или читайте инструкцию к вашему компьютеру.

Если все правильно сделано, вы увидите перед собой загруженную с Live CD систему.

Подготовка USB-накопителя

Запустите программу GParted.

Выберите устройство, на которое вы собираетесь установить Ubuntu.

Отформатируйте его в файловую систему Ext2 или Ext4. Так-же можно разделить USB-диск на 2 раздела для того, чтоб его можно было использовать по прямому назначению (перенос файлов с одного компьютера на другой). Для этого первый раздел раздел отформатируйте в FAT32 (для того, чтобы раздел был виден в Windows), вторым разделом выберите файловую систему Ext2 или Ext4 под Ubuntu. На второй раздел желательно выделить минимум 6 Гб, чтобы можно было не переживать за нехватку места для установки дополнительных программ.

Установка

Дальнейшая установка Ubuntu ничем не отличается от установки на жесткий диск.

Выберите на рабочем столе Install Ubuntu и выполните установку по скриншотам:

Главное — не забудьте указать установщику что GRUB надо установить на флеш-накопитель (по умолчанию он ставится на первый жесткий диск в системе).

Источник

Create installation media for Ubuntu

These steps will walk you through creating a bootable Ubuntu image SD Card or USB flash drive.

This will erase any existing content on the removable drive!

View instructions for: Ubuntu, Windows, or macOS.

On Ubuntu

1. Download the Ubuntu image for your device in your `Downloads` folder
2. Insert your SD card or USB flash drive
3. Identify its address by opening the «Disks» application and look for the «Device» line. If the line is in the /dev/mmcblk0p1 format, then your drive address is: /dev/mmcblk0 . If it is in the /dev/sdb1 format, then the address is /dev/sdb
4. Unmount it by right-clicking its icon in the launcher bar, the eject icon in a file manager or the square icon in the «Disks» application
5. Open a terminal ( Ctrl+Alt+T ) to copy the image to your removable drive
6. If the Ubuntu image file you have downloaded ends with an `.xz` file extension, run:

xzcat ~/Downloads/ | sudo dd of= bs=32M

sudo dd if=~/Downloads/ of= bs=32M

On Windows

1. Download the Ubuntu image for your device in your `Downloads` folder
2. If the Ubuntu image file you have downloaded ends with an .xz file extension, you will need to extract it first. To do so, you might have to install an archive extractor software, like 7-zip
3. Insert your SD card or USB flash drive
4. Download and install Win32DiskImager, then launch it
5. Find out where your removable drive is mounted by opening a File Explorer window to check which mount point the drive is listed under. Here is an example of an SD card listed under E:

1. an Image File: navigate to your Downloads folder and select the image you have just extracted
2. a Device: the location of your SD card. Select the drive on which your SD card is mounted

On macOS

1. Download the Ubuntu image for your device in your Downloads folder
2. Insert your SD card or USB flash drive
3. Open a terminal window (Go to Application » Utilities, you will find the Terminal app there), then run this command:

/dev/disk0 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: GUID_partition_scheme *500.3 GB disk0 /dev/disk2 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: Apple_HFS Macintosh HD *428.8 GB disk1 Logical Volume on disk0s2 E2E7C215-99E4-486D-B3CC-DAB8DF9E9C67 Unlocked Encrypted /dev/disk3 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: FDisk_partition_scheme *7.9 GB disk3 1: DOS_FAT_32 NO NAME 7.9 GB disk3s1

Unmount of all volumes on was successful

sudo sh -c 'gunzip -c ~/Downloads/ | sudo dd of= bs=32m'

3719+1 records in 3719+1 records out 3899999744 bytes transferred in 642.512167 secs (6069924 bytes/sec)

Learn more

You can start your Ubuntu Core journey by either reading or asking.

Источник