Linux run bash files

How do I execute a bash script in Terminal?

Yet another way to execute it (this time without setting execute permissions):

had a seperate issue (trying to install anaconda via terminal on mac) and this was the solution. only thing I had to do was close and restart the shell, follow the one step here ( /(your conda installation path)/bin/conda init zsh ) and then close and reopen the shell one more time

$prompt: /path/to/script and hit enter. Note you need to make sure the script has execute permissions.

If you already are in the /path/to directory, e.g. with the cd /path/to command, you can enter ./script to run your script.Don’t forget, in this case the ‘./’ before ‘script’

cd to the directory that contains the script, or put it in a bin folder that is in your $PATH

if in the same directory or

./scriptname.sh works for me but scriptname.sh gives scriptname.sh: command not found . -rwxr-xr-x are its permissions.

The advice to cd anywhere at all perpetrates another common beginner misunderstanding. Unless the script internally has dependencies which require it to run in a particular directory (like, needing to read a data file which the script inexplicably doesn’t provide an option to point to) you should never need to cd anywhere to run it, and very often will not want to.

This is an old thread, but I happened across it and I’m surprised nobody has put up a complete answer yet. So here goes.

The Executing a Command Line Script Tutorial!

Q: How do I execute this in Terminal?

The answer is below, but first . if you are asking this question, here are a few other tidbits to help you on your way:

Confusions and Conflicts:

The Path

• Understanding The Path (added by tripleee for completeness) is important. The «path» sounds like a Zen-like hacker koan or something, but it is simply a list of directories (folders) that are searched automatically when an unknown command is typed in at the command prompt. Some commands, like ls may be built-in’s, but most commands are actually separate small programs. (This is where the «Zen of Unix» comes in . «(i) Make each program do one thing well.»)

Extensions

• Unlike the old DOS command prompts that a lot of people remember, you do not need an ‘extension’ (like .sh or .py or anything else), but it helps to keep track of things. It is really only there for humans to use as a reference and most command lines and programs will not care in the least. It won’t hurt. If the script name contains an extension, however, you must use it. It is part of the filename.

Changing directories

• You do not need to be in any certain directory at all for any reason. But if the directory is not on the path (type echo $PATH to see), then you must include it. If you want to run a script from the current directory, use ./ before it. This ./ thing means ‘here in the current directory.’

Typing the program name

• You do not need to type out the name of the program that runs the file (BASH or Python or whatever) unless you want to. It won’t hurt, but there are a few times when you may get slightly different results.

SUDO

• You do not need sudo to do any of this. This command is reserved for running commands as another user or a ‘root’ (administrator) user. Running scripts with sudo allows much greater danger of screwing things up. So if you don’t know the exact reason for using sudo , don’t use it. Great post here.

Script location .

# A good place to put your scripts is in your ~/bin folder. > cd ~/bin # or cd $HOME/bin > ls -l 

You will see a listing with owners and permissions. You will notice that you ‘own’ all of the files in this directory. You have full control over this directory and nobody else can easily modify it.

If it does not exist, you can create one:

> mkdir -p ~/bin && cd ~/bin > pwd /Users/Userxxxx/bin 

A: To «execute this script» from the terminal on a Unix/Linux type system, you have to do three things:

1. Tell the system the location of the script. (pick one)

# type the name of the script with the full path > /path/to/script.sh # execute the script from the directory it is in > ./script.sh # place the script in a directory that is on the PATH > script.sh # . to see the list of directories in the path, use: > echo $PATH /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin # . or for a list that is easier to read: > echo -e $ # or > printf "%b" "$" /usr/local/sbin /usr/local/bin /usr/sbin /usr/bin /sbin /bin 

2. Tell the system that the script has permission to execute. (pick one)

# set the 'execute' permissions on the script > chmod +x /path/to/script.sh # using specific permissions instead # FYI, this makes these scripts inaccessible by ANYONE but an administrator > chmod 700 /path/to/script.sh # set all files in your script directory to execute permissions > chmod +x ~/bin/* 

There is a great discussion of permissions with a cool chart here.

3. Tell the system the type of script. (pick one)

• Type the name of the program before the script. (Note: when using this method, the execute(chmod thing above) is not required

> bash /path/to/script.sh . > php /path/to/script.php . > python3 /path/to/script.py . 

• Use a shebang, which I see you have ( #!/bin/bash ) in your example. If you have that as the first line of your script, the system will use that program to execute the script. No need for typing programs or using extensions.
• Use a «portable» shebang. You can also have the system choose the version of the program that is first in the PATH by using #!/usr/bin/env followed by the program name (e.g. #!/usr/bin/env bash or #!/usr/bin/env python3 ). There are pros and cons as thoroughly discussed here.

Note: This «portable» shebang may not be as portable as it seems. As with anything over 50 years old and steeped in numerous options that never work out quite the way you expect them . there is a heated debate. The most recent one I saw that is actually quite different from most ideas is the «portable» perl-bang:

#!/bin/sh exec perl -x "$0" "$@" #!perl 

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How To Run Bash Script In Linux?

The true power of a Bash script is utilized when it is run. But how to do that? Well, there are a plethora of ways to run a Bash script( shell script). Some of them may be useful in certain conditions, while it doesn’t matter how you run the script. Bash scripts are usually executed in the terminal or command-line interface.

To run a Bash script there are many ways. Some of them are given below:

1. Using bash or sh.
2. Using source.
3. Running directly in a bash environment.

For making some of these methods work, the script must have a shebang as the header to indicate it’s a shell script or bash script in this case. So, be sure to include the command below at the top of the file.

This command will make the script run under the bash interpreter. It is recommended to write the shebang header even if it works without them.

Using bash or sh

This is the most standard way of executing the bash script. You must have git bash installed if you are using Windows. For Linux and macOS, bash is installed by default. In this method, we type bash followed by the file name with extension i.e. sh in this case. In a terminal, run the following code by replacing the filename with your bash script filename.

Here, bash is a program that contains the shell environments necessary to run the script from the bash shell. So this will execute the script from the bash interpreter.

Using bash command to run the script.

We can also use sh to run the script as it will direct to the default shell in the setup environment.

Using the sh command to run the bash script.

From the above example, we were able to run a bash script using bash as well as the sh command. If you are not in the same folder/directory as the script, make sure you specify the relative path to the script.

Using source

This method is quite easy to run a bash script, and all of them are quite simple. We just need to type in “source” before the file/script name with an extension. In a terminal, run the following code by replacing the filename with your bash script filename.

The script will simply get executed after “sourcing” the file. The source command will execute the shell script as the default bash command provided you are in the bash shell. You need to be in the bash shell to execute the script using the source command.

Using Source to run a bash script

From the screenshot of the script running, we can see that the source works exactly like the bash or sh command. The above script is a very basic script, but that doesn’t matter as long as the script is errorless and bug-free. Also, you need to add the relative path here as well if you are not in the same directory as the bash script.

By specifying the path to the script and chmod

This is a standalone method to run a bash script. We have to execute the script as an executable, we can run the script anywhere provided we have a bash shell somewhere in the environment. To make it executable we need to make sure we have the rights to run the file as an executable. We will use chmod for changing the rights on the file/script. In a terminal, run the following code by replacing the filename with your bash script filename.

The above command will allow us to execute the file. So it changes the mode of the file, the file should be read-only, executable, or any other mode for files. If you are using Linux and are not the root user, simply use sudo before the command chmod. The +x command will make sure the file is executable by everyone in the environment.

After the permission of the file is taken care of, we can now simply execute the file as follows. The command below takes into consideration that you are in the same directory as the file/ bash script is in.

If you are not on the same path as the bash script, make sure you provide the relative path to the file or the bash script.

using chmod and executing the script.

Executing a script from a relative path.

The above snippets and screenshots show that we can run the scripts in a bash environment by changing the mode of the file using the chmod.

From the following guide, we were able to run scripts in Linux using various methods and programs. So, those were some methods to run a bash script on Linux or pretty much anywhere.

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