Linux start binary file

Executing a flat binary file under Linux

Which is only an academic wish. It did not make any real sense for a system which is running a full featured OS to have a single executable which «saves» some bytes of an elf header. Nice to play with but without any real use case.OK, maybe if you want to send a minimal virus included in a sms 🙂

From a link-only answer: tablix.org/~avian/blog/archives/2016/08/… shows a slightly overcomplicated method that mmap s the flat binary at virtual address 0 , and sets rsp to 64k before jumping into it (still in 64-bit mode, so use it with .asm files that have bits 64 )

3 Answers 3

The Linux kernel can load several different binary formats — ELF is just the most common, though the a.out format is also pretty well known.

The supported binary formats are controlled by which binfmt modules are loaded or compiled in to the kernel (they’re under the Filesystem section of the kernel config). There’s a binfmt_flat for uClinux BFLT flat format binaries which are pretty minimal — they can even be zlib compressed which will let you make your binary even smaller, so this could be a good choice.

It doesn’t look like nasm natively supports this format, but it’s pretty easy to add the necessary header manually as Jim Lewis describes for ELF. There’s a description of the format here.

Is there some reason you don’t want to use «-f elf» instead of «-f bin»?

I think Linux won’t run a binary that’s not in ELF format. I can’t find a tool that converts flat binaries to ELF, but you can cheat by putting the ELF information in foo.asm, using the technique described here :

We can look at the ELF specification, and /usr/include/linux/elf.h, and executables created by the standard tools, to figure out what our empty ELF executable should look like. But, if you’re the impatient type, you can just use the one I’ve supplied here:

 BITS 32 org 0x08048000 ehdr: ; Elf32_Ehdr db 0x7F, "ELF", 1, 1, 1, 0 ; e_ident times 8 db 0 dw 2 ; e_type dw 3 ; e_machine dd 1 ; e_version dd _start ; e_entry dd phdr - $$ ; e_phoff dd 0 ; e_shoff dd 0 ; e_flags dw ehdrsize ; e_ehsize dw phdrsize ; e_phentsize dw 1 ; e_phnum dw 0 ; e_shentsize dw 0 ; e_shnum dw 0 ; e_shstrndx ehdrsize equ $ - ehdr phdr: ; Elf32_Phdr dd 1 ; p_type dd 0 ; p_offset dd $$ ; p_vaddr dd $$ ; p_paddr dd filesize ; p_filesz dd filesize ; p_memsz dd 5 ; p_flags dd 0x1000 ; p_align phdrsize equ $ - phdr _start: ; your program here filesize equ $ - $$ 

This image contains an ELF header, identifying the file as an Intel 386 executable, with no section header table and a program header table containing one entry. Said entry instructs the program loader to load the entire file into memory (it’s normal behavior for a program to include its ELF header and program header table in its memory image) starting at memory address 0x08048000 (which is the default address for executables to load), and to begin executing the code at _start, which appears immediately after the program header table. No .data segment, no .bss segment, no commentary — nothing but the bare necessities.

So, let’s add in our little program:

 ; tiny.asm org 0x08048000 ; ; (as above) ; _start: mov bl, 42 xor eax, eax inc eax int 0x80 filesize equ $ - $$ 

 $ nasm -f bin -o a.out tiny.asm $ chmod +x a.out $ ./a.out ; echo $? 42 

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How to Execute Binary Files in Linux

Binary files or bin files are executable files in the operating system also known as non-text files. These files can contain anything in it like images, compiled files, metadata, chain of sequential bytes or a text file having encoded binary data.

In Linux and Unix-like operating systems, .bin files contain machine code in it and can be executed on the system. All the data encoded in binary files cannot be readable by humans. These files can store anything except text.

How to Execute Binary Files in Linux:

To execute a binary file in a system, all you need to do is work as a super user with all privileges and permissions.

To run binary files on a Linux system, we need to make it executable by accessing them using a terminal. It can be done by following 3 steps.

1. 1. Open the command-line prompt by pressing ctrl+alt+t.
   2. The next step is to run without giving permission.

   

   Now, the file is ready to run on Linux system, again open the terminal and type the command:

   

   In this file doesn’t open and shows permission denied message, use sudo in command and run it again:

   

   Conclusion

   The .bin files are the binary files that contain information to be executed in a system. They are encoded with machine code and cannot be readable. The article has shown how we can make binary files executable by giving them permission. These files cannot be executed without permission access and sudo privileges.

   About the author

   Syeda Wardah Batool

   I am a Software Engineer Graduate and Self Motivated Linux writer. I also love to read latest Linux books. Moreover, in my free time, i love to read books on Personal development.

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   linux execute binary file

   To run it through terminal it’s not a hard task either. For being able to run it just make the file executable using chmod +x app-name. bin command and then execute it with ./app-name. bin.

   How do you run binary?

   1. Open File Manager and navigate to the directory containing the program file (a shell script or a binary program file).
   2. Right-click on the file and click Properties.
   3. Click the Permissions tab.
   4. Select the Allow executing file as program option.
   5. Close the Properties window.

   How do I run a binary file in Ubuntu?

   How do I run a binary file in Kali Linux?

   On Permissions thick the checkbox with the option allows executing the file as program close the program and double click on the binary. If the file doesn’t run, just right-click on it and select run on the terminal to execute it.

   Where are binary commands stored?

   Purpose. Utilities used for system administration (and other root-only commands) are stored in /sbin , /usr/sbin , and /usr/local/sbin . /sbin contains binaries essential for booting, restoring, recovering, and/or repairing the system in addition to the binaries in /bin .

   What are binary files in Linux?

   Binaries are files that contain compiled source code (or machine code). Binary files are the files which contain compiled source code (or machine code). They are also called executable files because they can be executed on the computer. Binary directory contains following directories: /bin.

   How do I create a shell script in binary?

   1. Step 1 – Prerequsities. First of all, You need to install required packages for SHC compiler. .
   2. Step 2 – Download and Install SHC. .
   3. Step 3 – Create Shell Script. .
   4. Step 4 – Create Binary of Script. .
   5. Step 5 – Test Binary Script:

   How do I run a binary file in Windows?

   Run the PowerISO software by double-clicking on the program desktop icon. Click the “Mount” icon, located on the top menu of the program. The virtual drives that PowerISO installed onto your computer will display in the resulting drop-down menu. Choose the virtual drive that you want to use to run your BIN file.

   How do I run a binary file in Python?

   1. Requirements. You will need Python 3.6 or later.
   2. Installing. Windows with Python launcher: py -3 -m pip install binaryfile. .
   3. How to use. If you want to read or write to a binary file, first you will need to define the file structure. .
   4. Configuration. Result type. .
   5. Automated tests. Setting up the environment. .
   6. License.

   How do I run a file in Unix?

   1. Open the terminal. Go to the directory where you want to create your script.
   2. Create a file with . sh extension.
   3. Write the script in the file using an editor.
   4. Make the script executable with command chmod +x .
   5. Run the script using ./.

   How do I run as root in Linux?

   1. Run sudo and type in your login password, if prompted, to run only that instance of the command as root. .
   2. Run sudo -i . .
   3. Use the su (substitute user) command to get a root shell. .
   4. Run sudo -s .

   How do I run a file in Linux?

   1. Open the Ubuntu terminal and move to the folder in which you’ve saved your RUN file.
   2. Use the command chmod +x yourfilename. run to make your RUN file executable.
   3. Use the command ./yourfilename. run to execute your RUN file.

   

   Database

   Step 1 — Exporting a MySQL or MariaDB Database You will need your database’s name and credentials for an account whose privileges allow at least full .

   

   Code

   Download Visual Studio Code for Ubuntu 18.04 – Open the web browser and navigate to https://code.visualstudio.com/ and download the . deb installer to.

   

   Rewrite

   Enable apache mod_rewrite in Ubuntu 14.04 LTSUbuntu 14.04 LTS comes with Apache 2.4. . sudo a2enmod rewrite.sudo service apache2 restart.To use mod_.

   Latest news, practical advice, detailed reviews and guides. We have everything about the Linux operating system

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   Execute a binary file [duplicate]

   When I want to execute a binary file or program which is named as vtmc.ubu.ifc , I have to use the terminal to go to that bin folder where the program exists and have to execute the program by ./vtmc.ubu.ifc . How can I run the program without having to go to that folder, just by using the command like vtmc.ubu.ifc , similar to programs like vmd , xmgrace etc opens just by typing vmd or xmgrace in the terminal.

   2 Answers 2

   You can edit the ~/.bashrc or ~/.profile file to add the directory where your program is located like this (note here that this is editing the .bashrc script which is a script executed by bash every time an interactive bash shell is started):

   1. open a terminal
   2. gedit .bashrc
   3. go to the end of the file an add:

   export PATH=$PATH:"directory of the program" 

   N.B. In order to add the program to the PATH env var of other users, edit the /home/USERNAME/.bashrc script of each user. And to make the program executable in a root shell make the same modification to the /root/.bashrc script.

   There are two methods that I know to accomplish what you are up to more easily:

   1st Method (Easiest)

   Going to the place where the application is by window explorer like Nautilus (the default window explorer) and then right-click and open terminal at that location and then run the application through the terminal

   2nd Method (Recommended)

   Add the application path into environment variable or PATH variable.

   The official way of adding a path into $PATH is by creating a file (called a bash file and mostly ends with .sh for distinguishing purpose only) in the /etc/profile.d/ and in that file, update the $PATH by export command.

   For example, in order to add Android Studio application path into path variable ( $PATH ), follow the steps bellow:

   1. Go to /etc/profile.d/
   2. Create a text file using nano or vim or sublime and name it «my_android_studio.sh«
   3. Add following code block to the file and then save the file:

   #!/bin/bash ANDROID_HOME=/opt/android_studio/android-studio/bin ANDROID_SDK=~/Android/Sdk/platform-tools export PATH=$PATH:$ANDROID_HOME:$ANDROID_SDK 

   That’s it! From now on, you could just run the application using the application’s name.

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