Linux where is binary

SYNOPSIS¶

whereis [options] [-BMS directory. -f] name.

DESCRIPTION¶

whereis locates the binary, source and manual files for the specified command names. The supplied names are first stripped of leading pathname components and any (single) trailing extension of the form .ext (for example: .c) Prefixes of s. resulting from use of source code control are also dealt with. whereis then attempts to locate the desired program in the standard Linux places, and in the places specified by $PATH and $MANPATH.

The search restrictions (options -b, -m and -s) are cumulative and apply to the subsequent name patterns on the command line. Any new search restriction resets the search mask. For example,

whereis -bm ls tr -m gcc

The options -B, -M and -S reset search paths for the subsequent name patterns. For example,

whereis -m ls -M /usr/share/man/man1 -f cal

searches for «ls» man pages in all default paths, but for «cal» in the /usr/share/man/man1 directory only.

OPTIONS¶

-b Search for binaries. -m Search for manuals. -s Search for sources. -u Only show the command names that have unusual entries. A command is said to be unusual if it does not have just one entry of each explicitly requested type. Thus ‘whereis -m -u *‘ asks for those files in the current directory which have no documentation file, or more than one. -B list Limit the places where whereis searches for binaries, by a whitespace-separated list of directories. -M list Limit the places where whereis searches for manuals and documentation in Info format, by a whitespace-separated list of directories. -S list Limit the places where whereis searches for sources, by a whitespace-separated list of directories. -f Terminates the directory list and signals the start of filenames. It must be used when any of the -B, -M, or -S options is used. -l Output the list of effective lookup paths that whereis is using. When none of -B, -M, or -S is specified, the option will output the hard-coded paths that the command was able to find on the system. -h, —help Display help text and exit. -V, —version Display version information and exit.

FILE SEARCH PATHS¶

By default whereis tries to find files from hard-coded paths, which are defined with glob patterns. The command attempts to use the contents of $PATH and $MANPATH environment variables as default search path. The easiest way to know what paths are in use is to add the -l listing option. Effects of the -B, -M, and -S are displayed with -l.

ENVIRONMENT¶

EXAMPLES¶

To find all files in /usr/bin which are not documented in /usr/man/man1 or have no source in /usr/src:

cd /usr/bin
whereis -u -ms -M /usr/man/man1 -S /usr/src -f *

AVAILABILITY¶

The whereis command is part of the util-linux package and is available from Linux Kernel Archive.

Source file:	whereis.1.en.gz (from util-linux 2.36.1-8+deb11u1)
Source last updated:	2022-01-20T20:10:35Z
Converted to HTML:	2023-04-16T15:57:15Z

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Where are binary executable files located on Linux?

Solution 1: Try: Edit : Try: Here’s a sample: Solution 2: Most data on a HDD is binary data not meant to represent printable characters, so if you use (a command meant to output text, not binary) you get meaningless «mush». will dump binary, as Xepoch said, but only by assuming the bytes are printable characters. It doesn’t do binary output (ie, 1s and 0s).

Where are binary executable files located on Linux?

Where are binary executable files located on Linux?

Let’s take it all, from posix manual 8.3 Other Environment Variables:

PATH This variable shall represent the sequence of path prefixes that certain functions and utilities apply in searching for an executable file known only by a filename. The prefixes shall be separated by a colon ( ‘:’ ). When a non-zero-length prefix is applied to this filename, a slash shall be inserted between the prefix and the filename. A zero-length prefix is a legacy feature that indicates the current working directory. It appears as two adjacent colons ( «::» ), as an initial colon preceding the rest of the list, or as a trailing colon following the rest of the list. A strictly conforming application shall use an actual pathname (such as .) to represent the current working directory in PATH . The list shall be searched from beginning to end, applying the filename to each prefix, until an executable file with the specified name and appropriate execution permissions is found. If the pathname being sought contains a slash, the search through the path prefixes shall not be performed. If the pathname begins with a slash, the specified path is resolved (see Pathname Resolution). If PATH is unset or is set to null, the path search is implementation-defined.

See also shell command search and execution which calls execve.

Is there a complete list of executable files used by, for example, bash?

I think the following command should work «good enough»:

( IFS=:; find $PATH -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type f -executable ) 

but it doesn’t handle the «zero length prefix» and «trailing colon». I think that could be handled with a little sed by inserting that missing dot there:

Scripting — Bash Script, I’m new to scripting, but I have a lot of experience programming in languages such as C# and Java. I have a file that contains binary data.I want to write a Bash script that reads the year, month, and day contained in that file so I can sort the associated MOD files into folders according to the date they were …

Insert bytes into file using shell

You can achieve this using head , tail and printf together. For example; to insert \x34 at position 2 in file :

_{For POSIX-compliance, \064 (octal representation of \x34 ) can be used.}

To make this change in-place, just move new_file to file .

No matter which tool(s) you use, this operation will cost lots of CPU time for huge files.

How to view a binary file? — Unix & Linux Stack Exchange, When you view a file using an image viewer, it takes all the 1’s and 0’s and turns them into an image, depending on the format of the file and some logic to work it all out. Compiled binary files are no different, they are stored as 1’s and 0’s. arzyfex’s answer gives you the tools to view those files in different ways, but …

See binary instead of hex in Binary file while in a shell like bash

$ xxd -b /usr/bin/xxd 0000000: 01111111 01000101 01001100 01000110 00000001 00000001 .ELF.. 0000006: 00000001 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 . 000000c: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000010 00000000 . 0000012: 00000011 00000000 00000001 00000000 00000000 00000000 . 0000018: 10110000 10001000 00000100 00001000 00110100 00000000 . 4. 000001e: 00000000 00000000 11100100 00110001 00000000 00000000 . 1.. 0000024: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00110100 00000000 . 4. 000002a: 00100000 00000000 00001001 00000000 00101000 00000000 . (. 0000030: 00011101 00000000 00011100 00000000 00000110 00000000 . 0000036: 00000000 00000000 00110100 00000000 00000000 00000000 ..4. 

Most data on a HDD is binary data not meant to represent printable characters, so if you use cat (a command meant to output text, not binary) you get meaningless «mush».

cat will dump binary, as Xepoch said, but only by assuming the bytes are printable characters. In the example you provided, the bytes are not encoding text, and the characters you see don’t make much sense.

If you need output formatted in hexadecimal, use hd as Dennis suggested.

I believe the od command could be persuaded to output binary as 1s and 0s.

Correction: the od command is a predecessor of hd , I suppose. It doesn’t do binary output (ie, 1s and 0s). Neither does hd .

Would output in the form of 1s and 0s make any more sense? I doubt it, and it would require too much screen real estate. Hex and Octal are close enough to binary.

If you really want a binary representation of the data, you could do it like this:

perl -ne 'printf "0x%04x %s\n", $o++, unpack("B*", substr($_, 0, 1, "")) while length;' datafile 

The output will look a little like this:

0x0000 00000001 0x0001 00000010 0x0002 00110011 0x0003 00110100 0x0004 00001010 

If that’s not what you want, please be a little more specific about what you’re expecting.

How to view the size of the binary files using linux, I checked the size of the binary file using du -sh csimu, but it shows size as 0. But I have binary contents inside the file. How can I check the size of the binary file using linux command in the terminal?

Linux Find Binary File

Update

After a bit more thought, there is no reason to use [[ ]] (or [ ] for that matter). There is even no reason to use command substitution either $()

if which "$1" > /dev/null 2>&1; then echo "found" else echo "not found" fi 

If you’re using bash then please use the [[ ]] construct. One of the benefits (among many) is that it doesn’t have this problem

Also, « is deprecated, use $() instead

which won’t return «» when it finds the binary.

I like ‘hash’ for this (if you’re a bash user..) (and it’s actually more portable behavior than which)

bash: hash: lklkj: not found

This method works on Linux and OSX similarly, where-as ‘which’ has different behavior.

How to Edit Binary Files on Linux, Using our sample.bin from above, let’s type in the following command to open the file through vim as a binary file: $ vim -b sample.bin. Since our file is in hexadecimal format, we can enter editing mode on vim and change 42 41 to 62 61. The hex digits 42 41 represent the letters “B and A” and 62 61 represent the …

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whereis command in Linux with Examples

whereis command is used to find the location of source/binary file of a command and manuals sections for a specified file in Linux system. If we compare whereis command with find command they will appear similar to each other as both can be used for the same purposes but whereis command produces the result more accurately by consuming less time comparatively. whereis doesn’t require any root privilege to execute in any RHEL/CentOS 7.

The supplied names are first removed from leading pathname/directory components and any (single) trailing extension of the form .ext, for example, .c. Prefixes of s. resulting from use of source code control are also dealt with. whereis then attempts to locate the desired program in a list of standard Linux directories.

Points to be kept on mind while using whereis command:

• Since whereis command uses chdir(change directory 2V) to give you the result in fastest possible way, the pathnames given with the -M, -S, or -B must be full and well defined i.e. they must begin with a `/‘ and should be a valid path that exist in the system’s directories, else it exits without any valid result.
• whereis command has a hard-coded(code which is not dynamic and changes with specification) path, so you may not always find what you’re looking for.

Example 1: Let’s say, we want to find the location of apropos command then we need to execute the following command in the terminal:

Example 2: To find the location of lshw command.

• -b : This option is used when we only want to search for binaries.
  Example: To locate binary of a Linux command let’s say gunzip.
  
• -m : This option is used when we only want to search for manual sections. Example: To locate man page of false command.
  
• -s : This option is used when we only want to search for sources.
• -u: This option search for unusual entries. A source file or a binary file is said to be unusual if it does not have any existence in system as per [-bmsu] described along with “–u”. Thus `whereis-m-u *‘ asks for those files in the current directory which have unusual entries. Example: To display the files in the current directory which have no documentation file.
  
• -B : This option is used to change or otherwise limit the places where whereis searches for binaries. Example: To locate binary of lesspipe in the path, /bin.
  
• -M : This option is used to change or otherwise limit the places where whereis searches for manual sections. Example: To check man page of intro that is only in a specific location i.e. /usr/share/man/man1.
  
• -S : This option is used to change or otherwise limit the places where whereis searches for sources. Example: To Find all files in /usr/bin which are not documented in /usr/man/man1 with source in /usr/src.
  
• -f : This option simply terminate the last directory list and signals the start of file names. This must be used when any of the -B, -M, or -S options are used.
• -V: Displays version information and exit.
  
• -h: Displays this help and exit.
  

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