Как загрузиться с загрузочной флешки Linux на Mac?
Можно ли подключить стандартную загрузочную флешку Linux к Mac и загрузиться с нее? Оказывается, существует графическая утилита, позволяющая быстро загрузить Ubuntu, Linux Mint, Kali Linux и другие ведущие дистрибутивы Linux на Mac.
Суть проблемы
Apple усложнил загрузку операционных систем, отличных от Mac OS X, с флешек. Несмотря на то что можно подключить внешний привод CD/DVD к Mac и загрузиться со стандартного загрузочного диска Linux, не сработает подключение к Mac загрузочной флешки Linux, созданной типичными инструментами вроде Universal USB Installer и uNetbootin.
Есть несколько методов обхода этого. Например, Ubuntu предлагает доскональные инструкции, предусматривающие преобразование файловой системы флешки и превращение ее разделов в самозагружаемые, но в ряде случаев данные инструкции не помогают. Поэтому Ubuntu рекомендует просто записать диск.
Если установить rEFInd на Mac, то он позволит загружаться с флешек. Но не обязательно устанавливать этот альтернативный диспетчер загрузки UEFI на Mac. Нижеописанное решение даст возможность формировать загрузочные флешки Linux, которые будут загружаться на современных Mac без лишних усилий.
Использование Mac Linux USB Loader
Утилита под названием «Mac Linux USB Loader» от SevenBits пзволяет делать загрузочные флешки с вашим излюбленным дистрибутивом Linux из Mac OS X за несколько кликов.
Обязательно переместите упомянутую утилиту в папку Приложения перед запуском. Это предотвратит появление ошибки «Корпоративный источник» впоследствии.
Сперва подсоедините флешку к Mac и откройте программу Disk Utility(Утилита для работы с дисками). Удостоверьтесь, что формат раздела флешки — MS-DOS (FAT). Если формат иной, удалите данный раздел и создайте раздел FAT, а не ExFAT.
Далее запустите приложение Mac Linux USB Loader. Выберите опцию «Создать загрузочную флешку», если уже скачали ISO-файл Linux. Если нет, выберите опцию «Загрузчик дистрибутива», чтобы скачать ISO дистрибутива Linux для указанного приложения.
Выберите загруженный файл ISO, а затем выберите подключенную флешку, но которую хотите записать систему Linux.
Выберите нужные опции и нажмите «Начать установку» для продолжения. Mac Linux USB Loader сформирует самозагружаемую флешку, работающую на Mac и без проблем загружающую дистрибутив Linux.
Возможно, перед загрузкой с флешки вы пожелаете изменить ряд прочих опций. К примеру, можно настроить «долговременное хранение» на флешке, благодаря чему часть ее объема будет зарезервирована под файлы и настройки. Это работает только для дистрибутивов на базе Ubuntu.
Нажмите «Диспетчер долговременного хранения» в главном окне, выберите флешку, выберите, какая часть объема флешки будет зарезервирована под долговременные данные, и нажмите «Создать долговременное хранение» для его активации.
Чтобы загрузиться с флешки, перезагрузите Mac и нажмите и держите нажатой клавишу Option во время загрузки. Появится меню параметров загрузки. Выберите подключенную флешку. Mac загрузит систему Linux system с нее.
Если Mac загружается до экрана авторизации, и меню параметров загрузки не появляется, повторно перезагрузите Mac, нажмите и держите нажатой клавишу Option на более раннем этапе загрузки.
Вышеуказанное решение дает возможность загружать распространенные загрузочные дистрибутивы Linux с USB флешки на Mac. Их загрузка и использование не требует изменения системы.
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Frequently Asked Questions
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Below are some common questions, comments, etc. that people frequently email me about Mac Linux USB Loader and my response to them.
1. Does Mac Linux USB Loader support UEFI-based Computers?
Not directly, but the USB drives created with it can be. Mac Linux USB Loader itself is dependent on macOS software libraries. This means it only works on macOS. However the underlying software used by Mac Linux USB Loader to boot Linux, Enterprise, works on other UEFI-based Computers, such as those running Microsoft Windows. So, USB drives created with Mac Linux USB Loader can boot on computers using UEFI, but Mac Linux USB Loader itself cannot run on non-Macs.
An important caveat here is that Enterprise is not signed with a platform key (PK), so it cannot bypass Secure Boot technology enabled on many UEFI computers. To use Enterprise on these machines, then Secure Boot must not be enabled. For information on how to disable Secure Boot, refer to articles explaining how to do so, such as this one from Microsoft.
Recent iMac Pros are also coming with a feature called “Secure Boot”. This needs to be disabled if you want to boot drives created with Mac Linux USB Loader. For more information, see my blog post on the subject.
2. Is distribution X supported?
The distributions of Linux currently supported are Ubuntu, Linux Mint, Zorin OS, Elementary OS, and Kali Linux. If a distribution is not on this list, then it is not officially supported. However, it is still possible to boot other distributions with Mac Linux USB Loader.
To boot an unsupported Linux distribution with Mac Linux USB Loader, when the installation wizard prompts for the «distribution family», select the entry labeled Other . Then, when the installation completes, modify the file named enterprise.cfg that was created on the USB drive. For more information on how to boot unsupported Linux distributions, refer to the Enterprise homepage.
3. Why isn’t my USB drive detected? It should be formatted as FAT.
Chances are that while the operating system says the USB drive is formatted as FAT, it might be formatted as another variant of FAT not supported by UEFI, such as exFAT. To resolve this issue, the drive should be reformated (WARNING: make sure there is no irreplacable data on the drive beforehand) to FAT32 (FAT) using Disk Utility.
Alternatively, since the release of Windows 8, more and more USBs are actually identifying themselves as removable hard drives instead of traditional USB drives. This is required in order to work with Windows 8’s Windows-to-Go feature. In order to make these drives work with Mac Linux USB Loader, the «Accept Hard Drives» option must be enabled in preferences (this option should be enabled by default).
Note that Mac Linux USB Loader includes experimental support for USB drives formatted to use the HFS+ filesystem.
4a. I get a message about a missing Enterprise source. What gives?
This can happen if Mac Linux USB Loader is being run from the Downloads folder. It should be moved into the Applications if this is the case. With the latest versions of the program, this problem shouldn’t occur.
4b. I get a message saying «The USB device that you have selected cannot be accessed because the system denied access to the resource.»
This can happen if the drive ever previously held an installation created by the Mac Linux USB Loader. To resolve this problem, go to the Mac Linux USB Loader application menu and select Registered Devices > Clear All .
5. Your program doesn’t work.
That’s not a question. Regardless, if Mac Linux USB Loader doesn’t seem to be working, other users and I are happy to help, as long as you ask your questions the smart way and give us enough information so that we can help you.
On a related note, if you’re going to be filing a bug report, please be sure to read this.
6. I’m not a programmer but I want to help. What can I do?
You can do a few things. You could donate to the project or help translate it. Even promoting Mac Linux USB Loader online and making tutorial videos online is a big help.
7. Are there any tutorial videos online for Mac Linux USB Loader?
There are a few that I know of. Here are a few good ones which show Mac Linux USB Loader 2.x:
- This is a nice walkthrough made by a young computer user: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JdV-0k7BHLk&spfreload=10
- Here’s another video, set to music, which shows the process: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yf3VChom8qo&spfreload=10
- Here is a video in Italian: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AUohJi_DCKo
There have additionally been written tutorials, such as this one in Japanese.
Note that I am not affiliated with any of these people and I do not endorse their websites or YouTube channels; they just made some good videos of Mac Linux USB Loader which I found.
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No USB Device #25
No USB Device #25
Comments
I have an external harddrive formatted as FAT32, when I try to run USB loader, it tells me udb device not found
The text was updated successfully, but these errors were encountered:
Yes I can write to the device with no issues. I have tried rebooting etc. Is there a size limit?
No, no size limit. I have only tried this with small USB drives, though, not a 1TB hard drive. Also, where is this hard drive mounted? Is it under /Volumes/, or someplace else? Also, why is the creation date December of ’69?
It is showing up under /Volumes/VOLUMENAME
I am on a 15inch Retina MBP, Mountain Lion, and it is a USB 3.0 HD
Is VOLUMENAME the actual name of the hard drive?
I’ll look into this. It could be that Mac Linux USB Loader cannot detect drives this large. Also, do you have an EFI folder on the root of the drive already? That could be the problem.
No sorry, I was just giving volumename as an example, it is mounted under /volumes/android/
I followed these instructions http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/how-to-boot-a-linux-live-usb-stick-on-your-mac/ and
partitioned with master boot record selected.
I have not added anything to the drive / installed an EFI folder, it is fresh off a partition/format
I don’t know, on that MakeUseOf article, one commenter said Mac Linux USB Loader failed to detect his 500 GB Seagate drive, but detected a 1GB USB drive no problem. So it’s either the size of the drive or external hard drives may simply just not work.
FAT32 is the right file system to format as. It is not FAT.
Hello @thomascox — some information on the issue. Turns out the reason Mac Linux USB Loader doesn’t detect your external HD is because of the method I used when I coded the program, and I was not aware that this technique does not detect external hard drives. I will correct this and the fix should be in the next release.