Man ps linux это
ps [ -aA ][ -defl ][ -G grouplist ][ -o format ] . [ -p proclist ][ -t termlist ]
[ -U userlist ][ -g grouplist ][ -n namelist ][ -u userlist ]
DESCRIPTION
The ps utility shall write information about processes, subject to having the appropriate privileges to obtain information about those processes.
By default, ps shall select all processes with the same effective user ID as the current user and the same controlling terminal as the invoker.
OPTIONS
The ps utility shall conform to the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines.
The following options shall be supported: -a Write information for all processes associated with terminals. Implementations may omit session leaders from this list. -A Write information for all processes. -d Write information for all processes, except session leaders. -e Write information for all processes. (Equivalent to -A .) -f Generate a full listing. (See the STDOUT section for the contents of a full listing.) -g grouplist Write information for processes whose session leaders are given in grouplist . The application shall ensure that the grouplist is a single argument in the form of a or comma-separated list. -G grouplist Write information for processes whose real group ID numbers are given in grouplist . The application shall ensure that the grouplist is a single argument in the form of a or comma-separated list. -l Generate a long listing. (See STDOUT for the contents of a long listing.) -n namelist Specify the name of an alternative system namelist file in place of the default. The name of the default file and the format of a namelist file are unspecified. -o format Write information according to the format specification given in format . This is fully described in the STDOUT section. Multiple -o options can be specified; the format specification shall be interpreted as the -separated concatenation of all the format option-arguments. -p proclist Write information for processes whose process ID numbers are given in proclist . The application shall ensure that the proclist is a single argument in the form of a or comma-separated list. -t termlist Write information for processes associated with terminals given in termlist . The application shall ensure that the termlist is a single argument in the form of a or comma-separated list. Terminal identifiers shall be given in an implementation-defined format. On XSI-conformant systems, they shall be given in one of two forms: the device’s filename (for example, tty04 ) or, if the device’s filename starts with tty , just the identifier following the characters tty (for example, «04» ). -u userlist Write information for processes whose user ID numbers or login names are given in userlist . The application shall ensure that the userlist is a single argument in the form of a or comma-separated list. In the listing, the numerical user ID shall be written unless the -f option is used, in which case the login name shall be written. -U userlist Write information for processes whose real user ID numbers or login names are given in userlist . The application shall ensure that the userlist is a single argument in the form of a or comma-separated list.
With the exception of -o format , all of the options shown are used to select processes. If any are specified, the default list shall be ignored and ps shall select the processes represented by the inclusive OR of all the selection-criteria options.
OPERANDS
STDIN
INPUT FILES
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
The following environment variables shall affect the execution of ps : COLUMNS Override the system-selected horizontal display line size, used to determine the number of text columns to display. See the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Chapter 8, Environment Variables for valid values and results when it is unset or null. LANG Provide a default value for the internationalization variables that are unset or null. (See the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Section 8.2, Internationalization Variables for the precedence of internationalization variables used to determine the values of locale categories.) LC_ALL If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the other internationalization variables. LC_CTYPE Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes of text data as characters (for example, single-byte as opposed to multi-byte characters in arguments). LC_MESSAGES Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format and contents of diagnostic messages written to standard error and informative messages written to standard output. LC_TIME Determine the format and contents of the date and time strings displayed. NLSPATH Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing of LC_MESSAGES . TZ Determine the timezone used to calculate date and time strings displayed. If TZ is unset or null, an unspecified default timezone shall be used.
ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
STDOUT
When the -o option is not specified, the standard output format is unspecified.
On XSI-conformant systems, the output format shall be as follows. The column headings and descriptions of the columns in a ps listing are given below. The precise meanings of these fields are implementation-defined. The letters ‘f’ and ‘l’ (below) indicate the option ( full or long ) that shall cause the corresponding heading to appear; all means that the heading always appears. Note that these two options determine only what information is provided for a process; they do not determine which processes are listed.
| F | (l) | Flags (octal and additive) associated with the process. | |
| S | (l) | The state of the process. | |
| UID | (f,l) | The user ID number of the process owner; the login name is printed under the -f option. | |
| PID | (all) | The process ID of the process; it is possible to kill a process if this datum is known. | |
| PPID | (f,l) | The process ID of the parent process. | |
| C | (f,l) | Processor utilization for scheduling. | |
| PRI | (l) | The priority of the process; higher numbers mean lower priority. | |
| NI | (l) | Nice value; used in priority computation. | |
| ADDR | (l) | The address of the process. | |
| SZ | (l) | The size in blocks of the core image of the process. | |
| WCHAN | (l) | The event for which the process is waiting or sleeping; if blank, the process is running. | |
| STIME | (f) | Starting time of the process. | |
| TTY | (all) | The controlling terminal for the process. | |
| TIME | (all) | The cumulative execution time for the process. | |
| CMD | (all) | The command name; the full command name and its arguments are written under the -f option. |
A process that has exited and has a parent, but has not yet been waited for by the parent, shall be marked defunct .
Under the option -f , ps tries to determine the command name and arguments given when the process was created by examining memory or the swap area. Failing this, the command name, as it would appear without the option -f , is written in square brackets.
The -o option allows the output format to be specified under user control.
The application shall ensure that the format specification is a list of names presented as a single argument, or comma-separated. Each variable has a default header. The default header can be overridden by appending an equals sign and the new text of the header. The rest of the characters in the argument shall be used as the header text. The fields specified shall be written in the order specified on the command line, and should be arranged in columns in the output. The field widths shall be selected by the system to be at least as wide as the header text (default or overridden value). If the header text is null, such as -o user =, the field width shall be at least as wide as the default header text. If all header text fields are null, no header line shall be written.
The following names are recognized in the POSIX locale: ruser The real user ID of the process. This shall be the textual user ID, if it can be obtained and the field width permits, or a decimal representation otherwise. user The effective user ID of the process. This shall be the textual user ID, if it can be obtained and the field width permits, or a decimal representation otherwise. rgroup The real group ID of the process. This shall be the textual group ID, if it can be obtained and the field width permits, or a decimal representation otherwise. group The effective group ID of the process. This shall be the textual group ID, if it can be obtained and the field width permits, or a decimal representation otherwise. pid The decimal value of the process ID. ppid The decimal value of the parent process ID. pgid The decimal value of the process group ID. pcpu The ratio of CPU time used recently to CPU time available in the same period, expressed as a percentage. The meaning of «recently» in this context is unspecified. The CPU time available is determined in an unspecified manner. vsz The size of the process in (virtual) memory in 1024 byte units as a decimal integer. nice The decimal value of the nice value of the process; see nice () . etime In the POSIX locale, the elapsed time since the process was started, in the form:
where dd shall represent the number of days, hh the number of hours, mm the number of minutes, and ss the number of seconds. The dd field shall be a decimal integer. The hh , mm , and ss fields shall be two-digit decimal integers padded on the left with zeros. time In the POSIX locale, the cumulative CPU time of the process in the form:
The dd , hh , mm , and ss fields shall be as described in the etime specifier. tty The name of the controlling terminal of the process (if any) in the same format used by the who utility. comm The name of the command being executed ( argv [0] value) as a string. args The command with all its arguments as a string. The implementation may truncate this value to the field width; it is implementation-defined whether any further truncation occurs. It is unspecified whether the string represented is a version of the argument list as it was passed to the command when it started, or is a version of the arguments as they may have been modified by the application. Applications cannot depend on being able to modify their argument list and having that modification be reflected in the output of ps .
Any field need not be meaningful in all implementations. In such a case a hyphen ( ‘-‘ ) should be output in place of the field value.
Only comm and args shall be allowed to contain s; all others shall not. Any implementation-defined variables shall be specified in the system documentation along with the default header and indicating whether the field may contain s.
The following table specifies the default header to be used in the POSIX locale corresponding to each format specifier.
Table: Variable Names and Default Headers in ps
| Format Specifier | Default Header | Format Specifier | Default Header | |
| args | COMMAND | ppid | PPID | |
| comm | COMMAND | rgroup | RGROUP | |
| etime | ELAPSED | ruser | RUSER | |
| group | GROUP | time | TIME | |
| nice | NI | tty | TT | |
| pcpu | %CPU | user | USER | |
| pgid | PGID | vsz | VSZ | |
| pid | PID |
STDERR
The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.