Mikrotik роутер настройка firewall

Manual:Securing Your Router

The following steps are recommendation how to protect your router. We strongly suggest to keep default firewall, it can be patched by other rules that fullfils your setup requirements. Other tweaks and configuration options to harden your router’s security are described later. To learn what security methods are used by RouterOS internally, read the security article.

Contents

• 1 RouterOS version
• 2 Access to a router
  • 2.1 Access username
  • 2.2 Access password
  • 2.3 Access by IP address
  • 3.1 RouterOS services
  • 3.2 RouterOS MAC-access
    • 3.2.1 MAC-Telnet
    • 3.2.2 MAC-Winbox
    • 3.2.3 MAC-Ping
    • 4.1 Ethernet/SFP interfaces
    • 4.2 LCD
    • 5.1 IPv4 firewall to a router
    • 5.2 IPv4 firewall for clients
    • 6.1 IPv6 ND
    • 6.2 IPv6 firewall to a router
    • 6.3 IPv6 firewall for clients

    RouterOS version

    Start by upgrading your RouterOS version. Some older releases have had certain weaknesses or vulnerabilities, that have been fixed. Keep your device up to date, to be sure it is secure. Click «check for updates» in Winbox or Webfig, to upgrade. We suggest you to follow announcements on our security announcement blog to be informed about any new security issues.

    Access to a router

    Access username

    Change default username admin to different name, custom name helps to protect access to your rotuer, if anybody got direct access to your router.

    /user add name=myname password=mypassword group=full /user remove admin

    Warning: Use secure password and different name for your router’s username.

    Access password

    MikroTik routers requires password configuration, we suggest to use pwgen or other password generator tool to create secure and non-repeating passwords,

    Another option to set a password,

    We strongly suggest to use second method or Winbox interface to apply new password for your router, just to keep it safe from other unauthorised access.

    Access by IP address

    Besides the fact that default firewall protects your router from unauthorized access from outer networks, it is possible to restrict username access for the specific IP address

    /user set 0 allowed-address=x.x.x.x/yy

    x.x.x.x/yy — your IP or network subnet that is allowed to access your router.

    Note: login to router with new credentials to check that username/password are working.

    Router services

    All production routers have to be administred by SSH, secured Winbox or HTTPs services. Use the latest Winbox version for secure access. Note, that in newest Winbox versions, «Secure mode» is ON by default, and can’t be turned off anymore.

    

    RouterOS services

    Most of RouterOS administrative tools are configured at

    /ip service disable telnet,ftp,www,api,api-ssl /ip service print

    and also change the default port, this will immediately stop most of the random SSH bruteforce login attempts:

    /ip service set ssh port=2200 /ip service print

    Additionaly each /ip service entity might be secured by allowed IP address (the address service will reply to)

    /ip service set winbox address=192.168.88.0/24

    RouterOS MAC-access

    RouterOS has built-in options for easy management access to network devices. The particular services should be shutdown on production networks.

    MAC-Telnet

    Disable mac-telnet services,

    /tool mac-server set allowed-interface-list=none /tool mac-server print

    MAC-Winbox

    Disable mac-winbox services,

    /tool mac-server mac-winbox set allowed-interface-list=none /tool mac-server mac-winbox print

    MAC-Ping

    /tool mac-server ping set enabled=no /tool mac-server ping print

    Neighbor Discovery

    MikroTik Neighbor discovery protocol is used to show and recognize other MikroTik routers in the network, disable neighbor discovery on all interfaces,

    /ip neighbor discovery-settings set discover-interface-list=none

    Bandwidth server

    Bandwidth server is used to test throughput between two MikroTik routers. Disable it in production enironment.

    /tool bandwidth-server set enabled=no

    DNS cache

    Router might have DNS cache enabled, that decreases resolving time for DNS requests from clients to remote servers. In case DNS cache is not required on your router or another router is used for such purposes, disable it.

    /ip dns set allow-remote-requests=no

    Other clients services

    RouterOS might have other services enabled (they are disabled by default RouterOS configuration). MikroTik caching proxy,

    MikroTik dynamic name service or ip cloud,

    /ip cloud set ddns-enabled=no update-time=no

    More Secure SSH access

    RouterOS utilises stronger crypto for SSH, most newer programs use it, to turn on SSH strong crypto:

    /ip ssh set strong-crypto=yes

    Router interface

    Ethernet/SFP interfaces

    It is good practice to disable all unused interfaces on your router, in order to decrease unauthorised access to your router.

    /interface print /interface set x disabled=yes

    LCD

    Some RouterBOARDs have LCD module for informational purpose, set pin or disable it.

    Firewall

    We strongly suggest to keep default firewall on. Here are few adjustment to make it more secure, make sure to apply the rules, when you understand what are they doing.

    IPv4 firewall to a router

    • work with new connections to decrease load on a router;
    • create address-list for IP addresses, that are allowed to access your router;
    • enable ICMP access (optionally);
    • drop everything else, log=yes might be added to log packets that hit the specific rule;

    /ip firewall filter add action=accept chain=input comment="default configuration" connection-state=established,related add action=accept chain=input src-address-list=allowed_to_router add action=accept chain=input protocol=icmp add action=drop chain=input /ip firewall address-list add address=192.168.88.2-192.168.88.254 list=allowed_to_router

    IPv4 firewall for clients

    • Established/related packets are added to fasttrack for faster data throughput, firewall will work with new connections only;
    • drop invalid connection and log them with prefix invalid;
    • drop attempts to reach not public addresses from your local network, apply address-list=not_in_internet before, bridge1 is local network interface, log attempts with !public_from_LAN;
    • drop incoming packets that are not NATed, ether1 is public interface, log attempts with !NAT prefix;
    • drop incoming packets from Internet, which are not public IP addresses, ether1 is public interface, log attempts with prefix !public;
    • drop packets from LAN that does not have LAN IP, 192.168.88.0/24 is local network used subnet;

    /ip firewall filter add action=fasttrack-connection chain=forward comment=FastTrack connection-state=established,related add action=accept chain=forward comment="Established, Related" connection-state=established,related add action=drop chain=forward comment="Drop invalid" connection-state=invalid log=yes log-prefix=invalid add action=drop chain=forward comment="Drop tries to reach not public addresses from LAN" dst-address-list=not_in_internet in-interface=bridge1 log=yes log-prefix=!public_from_LAN out-interface=!bridge1 add action=drop chain=forward comment="Drop incoming packets that are not NATted" connection-nat-state=!dstnat connection-state=new in-interface=ether1 log=yes log-prefix=!NAT add action=drop chain=forward comment="Drop incoming from internet which is not public IP" in-interface=ether1 log=yes log-prefix=!public src-address-list=not_in_internet add action=drop chain=forward comment="Drop packets from LAN that do not have LAN IP" in-interface=bridge1 log=yes log-prefix=LAN_!LAN src-address=!192.168.88.0/24 /ip firewall address-list add address=0.0.0.0/8 comment=RFC6890 list=not_in_internet add address=172.16.0.0/12 comment=RFC6890 list=not_in_internet add address=192.168.0.0/16 comment=RFC6890 list=not_in_internet add address=10.0.0.0/8 comment=RFC6890 list=not_in_internet add address=169.254.0.0/16 comment=RFC6890 list=not_in_internet add address=127.0.0.0/8 comment=RFC6890 list=not_in_internet add address=224.0.0.0/4 comment=Multicast list=not_in_internet add address=198.18.0.0/15 comment=RFC6890 list=not_in_internet add address=192.0.0.0/24 comment=RFC6890 list=not_in_internet add address=192.0.2.0/24 comment=RFC6890 list=not_in_internet add address=198.51.100.0/24 comment=RFC6890 list=not_in_internet add address=203.0.113.0/24 comment=RFC6890 list=not_in_internet add address=100.64.0.0/10 comment=RFC6890 list=not_in_internet add address=240.0.0.0/4 comment=RFC6890 list=not_in_internet add address=192.88.99.0/24 comment="6to4 relay Anycast [RFC 3068]" list=not_in_internet

    IPv6

    Currently IPv6 package is disabled by default. Please enable package with care, as RouterOS will not create any default firewall rules for IPv6 at the moment.

    IPv6 ND

    Disable IPv6 Neighbour Discovery

    /ipv6 nd set [find] disabled=yes

    IPv6 firewall to a router

    • work with new packets, accept established/related packets;
    • drop link-local addresses from Internet interface;
    • accept access to a router from link-local addresses, accept multicast addresses for management purposes, accept your address for router access;
    • drop anything else;

    /ipv6 firewall filter add action=accept chain=input comment="allow established and related" connection-state=established,related add chain=input action=accept protocol=icmpv6 comment="accept ICMPv6" add chain=input action=accept protocol=udp port=33434-33534 comment="defconf: accept UDP traceroute" add chain=input action=accept protocol=udp dst-port=546 src-address=fe80::/16 comment="accept DHCPv6-Client prefix delegation." add action=drop chain=input in-interface=sit1 log=yes log-prefix=dropLL_from_public src-address=fe80::/16 add action=accept chain=input comment="allow allowed addresses" src-address-list=allowed add action=drop chain=input /ipv6 firewall address-list add address=fe80::/16 list=allowed add address=xxxx::/48 list=allowed add address=ff02::/16 comment=multicast list=allowed

    IPv6 firewall for clients

    Enabled IPv6 puts your clients available for public networks, set proper firewall to protect your customers.

    • accept established/related and work with new packets;
    • drop invalid packets and put prefix for rules;
    • accept ICMP packets;
    • accept new connection from your clients to the Internet;
    • drop everything else.

    /ipv6 firewall filter add action=accept chain=forward comment=established,related connection-state=established,related add action=drop chain=forward comment=invalid connection-state=invalid log=yes log-prefix=ipv6,invalid add action=accept chain=forward comment=icmpv6 in-interface=!sit1 protocol=icmpv6 add action=accept chain=forward comment="local network" in-interface=!sit1 src-address-list=allowed add action=drop chain=forward log-prefix=IPV6

    Источник

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