Mysql команды консоли linux

Mysql команды консоли linux

mysql sends each SQL statement that you issue to the server to be executed. There is also a set of commands that mysql itself interprets. For a list of these commands, type help or \h at the mysql> prompt:

mysql> help List of all MySQL commands: Note that all text commands must be first on line and end with ';' ? (\?) Synonym for `help'. clear (\c) Clear the current input statement. connect (\r) Reconnect to the server. Optional arguments are db and host. delimiter (\d) Set statement delimiter. edit (\e) Edit command with $EDITOR. ego (\G) Send command to mysql server, display result vertically. exit (\q) Exit mysql. Same as quit. go (\g) Send command to mysql server. help (\h) Display this help. nopager (\n) Disable pager, print to stdout. notee (\t) Don't write into outfile. pager (\P) Set PAGER [to_pager]. Print the query results via PAGER. print (\p) Print current command. prompt (\R) Change your mysql prompt. quit (\q) Quit mysql. rehash (\#) Rebuild completion hash. source (\.) Execute an SQL script file. Takes a file name as an argument. status (\s) Get status information from the server. system (\!) Execute a system shell command. tee (\T) Set outfile [to_outfile]. Append everything into given outfile. use (\u) Use another database. Takes database name as argument. charset (\C) Switch to another charset. Might be needed for processing binlog with multi-byte charsets. warnings (\W) Show warnings after every statement. nowarning (\w) Don't show warnings after every statement. resetconnection(\x) Clean session context. query_attributes Sets string parameters (name1 value1 name2 value2 . ) for the next query to pick up. ssl_session_data_print Serializes the current SSL session data to stdout or file. For server side help, type 'help contents'

If mysql is invoked with the —binary-mode option, all mysql commands are disabled except charset and delimiter in noninteractive mode (for input piped to mysql or loaded using the source command).

Each command has both a long and short form. The long form is not case-sensitive; the short form is. The long form can be followed by an optional semicolon terminator, but the short form should not.

The use of short-form commands within multiple-line /* . */ comments is not supported. Short-form commands do work within single-line /*! . */ version comments, as do /*+ . */ optimizer-hint comments, which are stored in object definitions. If there is a concern that optimizer-hint comments may be stored in object definitions so that dump files when reloaded with mysql would result in execution of such commands, either invoke mysql with the —binary-mode option or use a reload client other than mysql .

• help [ arg ] , \h [ arg ] , \? [ arg ] , ? [ arg ] Display a help message listing the available mysql commands. If you provide an argument to the help command, mysql uses it as a search string to access server-side help from the contents of the MySQL Reference Manual. For more information, see Section 4.5.1.4, “mysql Client Server-Side Help”.
• charset charset_name , \C charset_name Change the default character set and issue a SET NAMES statement. This enables the character set to remain synchronized on the client and server if mysql is run with auto-reconnect enabled (which is not recommended), because the specified character set is used for reconnects.
• clear , \c Clear the current input. Use this if you change your mind about executing the statement that you are entering.
• connect [ db_name [ host_name ]] , \r [ db_name [ host_name ]] Reconnect to the server. The optional database name and host name arguments may be given to specify the default database or the host where the server is running. If omitted, the current values are used. If the connect command specifies a host name argument, that host takes precedence over any —dns-srv-name option given at mysql startup to specify a DNS SRV record.
• delimiter str , \d str Change the string that mysql interprets as the separator between SQL statements. The default is the semicolon character ( ; ). The delimiter string can be specified as an unquoted or quoted argument on the delimiter command line. Quoting can be done with either single quote ( ‘ ), double quote ( » ), or backtick ( ` ) characters. To include a quote within a quoted string, either quote the string with a different quote character or escape the quote with a backslash ( \ ) character. Backslash should be avoided outside of quoted strings because it is the escape character for MySQL. For an unquoted argument, the delimiter is read up to the first space or end of line. For a quoted argument, the delimiter is read up to the matching quote on the line. mysql interprets instances of the delimiter string as a statement delimiter anywhere it occurs, except within quoted strings. Be careful about defining a delimiter that might occur within other words. For example, if you define the delimiter as X , it is not possible to use the word INDEX in statements. mysql interprets this as INDE followed by the delimiter X . When the delimiter recognized by mysql is set to something other than the default of ; , instances of that character are sent to the server without interpretation. However, the server itself still interprets ; as a statement delimiter and processes statements accordingly. This behavior on the server side comes into play for multiple-statement execution (see Multiple Statement Execution Support), and for parsing the body of stored procedures and functions, triggers, and events (see Section 25.1, “Defining Stored Programs”).
• edit , \e Edit the current input statement. mysql checks the values of the EDITOR and VISUAL environment variables to determine which editor to use. The default editor is vi if neither variable is set. The edit command works only in Unix.
• ego , \G Send the current statement to the server to be executed and display the result using vertical format.
• exit , \q Exit mysql.
• go , \g Send the current statement to the server to be executed.
• nopager , \n Disable output paging. See the description for pager . The nopager command works only in Unix.
• notee , \t Disable output copying to the tee file. See the description for tee .
• nowarning , \w Disable display of warnings after each statement.
• pager [ command ] , \P [ command ] Enable output paging. By using the —pager option when you invoke mysql, it is possible to browse or search query results in interactive mode with Unix programs such as less , more , or any other similar program. If you specify no value for the option, mysql checks the value of the PAGER environment variable and sets the pager to that. Pager functionality works only in interactive mode. Output paging can be enabled interactively with the pager command and disabled with nopager . The command takes an optional argument; if given, the paging program is set to that. With no argument, the pager is set to the pager that was set on the command line, or stdout if no pager was specified. Output paging works only in Unix because it uses the popen() function, which does not exist on Windows. For Windows, the tee option can be used instead to save query output, although it is not as convenient as pager for browsing output in some situations.
• print , \p Print the current input statement without executing it.
• prompt [ str ] , \R [ str ] Reconfigure the mysql prompt to the given string. The special character sequences that can be used in the prompt are described later in this section. If you specify the prompt command with no argument, mysql resets the prompt to the default of mysql> .
• query_attributes namevalue [ namevalue . ] Define query attributes that apply to the next query sent to the server. For discussion of the purpose and use of query attributes, see Section 9.6, “Query Attributes”. The query_attributes command follows these rules:

• The format and quoting rules for attribute names and values are the same as for the delimiter command.
• The command permits up to 32 attribute name/value pairs. Names and values may be up to 1024 characters long. If a name is given without a value, an error occurs.
• If multiple query_attributes commands are issued prior to query execution, only the last command applies. After sending the query, mysql clears the attribute set.
• If multiple attributes are defined with the same name, attempts to retrieve the attribute value have an undefined result.
• An attribute defined with an empty name cannot be retrieved by name.
• If a reconnect occurs while mysql executes the query, mysql restores the attributes after reconnecting so the query can be executed again with the same attributes.

mysql> SELECT LAST_INSERT_ID(3); +-------------------+ | LAST_INSERT_ID(3) | +-------------------+ | 3 | +-------------------+ mysql> SELECT LAST_INSERT_ID(); +------------------+ | LAST_INSERT_ID() | +------------------+ | 3 | +------------------+ mysql> resetconnection; mysql> SELECT LAST_INSERT_ID(); +------------------+ | LAST_INSERT_ID() | +------------------+ | 0 | +------------------+

Here are a few tips about the pager command:

mysql> pager cat > /tmp/log.txt 

mysql> pager less -n -i -S 

mysql> pager less -n -i -S -F -X 

mysql> pager cat | tee /dr1/tmp/res.txt \ | tee /dr2/tmp/res2.txt | less -n -i -S 

You can also combine the tee and pager functions. Have a tee file enabled and pager set to less , and you are able to browse the results using the less program and still have everything appended into a file the same time. The difference between the Unix tee used with the pager command and the mysql built-in tee command is that the built-in tee works even if you do not have the Unix tee available. The built-in tee also logs everything that is printed on the screen, whereas the Unix tee used with pager does not log quite that much. Additionally, tee file logging can be turned on and off interactively from within mysql . This is useful when you want to log some queries to a file, but not others.

The prompt command reconfigures the default mysql> prompt. The string for defining the prompt can contain the following special sequences.

Your full user_name @ host_name account name

x , for any “ x ” not listed above

You can set the prompt in several ways:

• Use an environment variable. You can set the MYSQL_PS1 environment variable to a prompt string. For example:

$> mysql --prompt="(\u@\h) [\d]> " (user@host) [database]>

In this example, note that the backslashes are doubled. If you set the prompt using the prompt option in an option file, it is advisable to double the backslashes when using the special prompt options. There is some overlap in the set of permissible prompt options and the set of special escape sequences that are recognized in option files. (The rules for escape sequences in option files are listed in Section 4.2.2.2, “Using Option Files”.) The overlap may cause you problems if you use single backslashes. For example, \s is interpreted as a space rather than as the current seconds value. The following example shows how to define a prompt within an option file to include the current time in hh:mm:ss > format:

mysql> prompt (\u@\h) [\d]>\_ PROMPT set to '(\u@\h) [\d]>\_' (user@host) [database]> (user@host) [database]> prompt Returning to default PROMPT of mysql> mysql>

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Список полезных команд для работы с MySQL в командной строке Linux

Переключиться для работы с определенной базой данных:

Отобразить все таблицы в базе данных:

Просмотреть формат таблицы в базе:

Показать все содержимое таблицы:

mysql SELECT * FROM [table name];

Работа с пользователями

Создание пользователя (прим. test с localhost) и паролем ‘password’.

CREATE USER 'test'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';

Назначить полные права на базу данных (прим. TESTDB) пользователю test:

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON TESTDB.* to 'test'@'localhost';

Изменить пароль пользователя под которым выполнена авторизация:

SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('пароль')

Изменить пароль для другого пользователя MySQL:

SET PASSWORD FOR 'mysqluser'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('пароль');

Удалить пользователя ‘test’@’localhost’:

Вывести список пользователей:

SELECT user,host,password FROM mysql.user;

Резервирование и восстановление баз данных

Резервирование всех баз данных:

mysqldump -u root -p -opt > tmp/ALL_DB_NAME.sql

Резервирование определенной базы данных:

mysqldump -u root -p DB_NAME > /tmp/DB_NAME.sql

Резервирование структуры базы данных, без данных:

mysqldump --no-data -u root -p DB_NAME > /tmp/schema.sql

Резервирование одной или нескольких таблиц:

mysqldump -u root -p DB_NAMETABLE1 TABLE2 TABLE3 > /tmp/dump_table.sql

Резервирование базы данных и ее архивация:

mysqldump -u root -p DB_NAME| gzip > /tmp/DB_NAME.sql.gz

Восстановление базы данных:

Восстановление базы данных из архива:

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