Network manager debian wifi

Semant1ka / how_to_setup_hotspot.md

There are a few decent tutorials on how to setup hotspot on Linux, which I will share below, but this tutorial will focus on adversities that you without doubt will face while setting up your AP.

For AP setup we will need:

How do I know that my WiFi adapter supports AP mode?

In terminal type sudo iw list this command will show info about your wifi interfaces. Look for Supported interface entry, if AP is in it, that means your Wifi devices support hotspot mode.

Supported interface modes: * IBSS * managed * AP * AP/VLAN * WDS * monitor * mesh point * P2P-client * P2P-GO 

Okay, WiFi supports AP mode but not working!

Running sudo rfkill list usually the first thing I was running to troubleshoot WiFi. Command will output something like this:

0: phy0: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: yes 1: acer-wireless: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: yes Hard blocked: no 

hard blocked

Usually means that you are screwed WiFi is disabled physically.

There is a chance that your Linux drivers can’t handle WiFi button events properly, so try booting into Windows and enable WiFi from there.

soft blocked

Means that some software is blocking WiFi interface.

In most cases you can solve this by running

sudo rfkill unblock %blocked_device_name_as_listed_in_rfkill_list% 

Dealing with Network Manager

Network Manager is a super annoying service that is aimed to automate network configuration, unfortunately it might also cause problems with networking. At the sight of any uneven issues perform the steps below to remove your interface from Network Manager.

Open /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf and add lines

 [main] plugins=ifupdown,keyfile [ifupdown] managed=false Network manager debian wifi unmanaged-devices=mac:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 

 sudo service network-manager restart 

Now we can continue with hotspot set up.

Setting up WiFi hotspot with hostapd

sudo apt-get install hostapd 

touch /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf 

interface=wlan0 channel=6 ieee80211n=1 hw_mode=g ssid=TEST wpa=2 wpa_passphrase=p@$$w0rd wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK rsn_pairwise=CCMP auth_algs=1 

Be carefull with ieee80211n=1 parameter. In most tutorials you will see driver=nl80211 , but parameter diver didn’t work for me, presumably because I have atheros driver, but it might work for you if you have nl.

sudo hostapd -d /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf 

nl80211: Could not configure driver mode nl80211 driver initialization failed. hostapd_free_hapd_data: Interface wlan0 wasn't started 

sudo /etc/init.d/hostapd stop 

sudo service hostapd stop 

Configuration file: /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf rfkill: WLAN soft blocked wlan0: Could not connect to kernel driver Using interface wlan0 with hwaddr ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff and ssid "TEST" Failed to set beacon parameters wlan0: Could not connect to kernel driver Interface initialization failed wlan0: interface state UNINITIALIZED->DISABLED wlan0: AP-DISABLED wlan0: Unable to setup interface. hostapd_free_hapd_data: Interface wlan0 wasn't started 

sudo nmcli radio wifi off sudo nmcli radio wifi on 

If hostapd started you will see that it is constanly writing log to terminal. You should be able to discover you AP with another device, but you won’t be able to connect to it yet.

Now close the window with runnig service and check its status. There are few ways to do this:

sudo services hostapd status sudo /etc/init.d/hostapd status 

If service is stopped you can run it on background as a daemon with one of this commands:

sudo services hostapd start sudo /etc/init.d/hostapd start 

Now you need to make your hotspot give all connected devices IP address for hotspot network. This can be achieved with DHCP service, I prefer isc-dhcp-server .

• Install isc-dhcp-server sudo apt-get install isc-dhcp-server
• Open dhcp config vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf . It contains a lot of entries with comments, but in most basic set up you will need to add lines specified below:

ddns-update-style none; authoritative; subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0

• Save config and check it with command dhcpd -t /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
• Start service service isc-dhcp-server start and check if devices that are connected to hostpot can obtain IP addresses.

Источник

Debian Network Manager Tutorial

NetworkManager seeks to keep connectivity through Ethernet, WIFI, PPPoE and allows VPN (Virtual Private Network). It has several graphical interfaces for GNOME, KDE, Cinnamon and more, it simplifies the network configuration including network devices, gateways configuration, IP address assignation, VPN, bridges, DNS and additional options.

Learning where settings are on Network Manager can help for example when you want to know how to reveal the current or a former wifi connection password.

This tutorial focuses on network-manager itself and nmcli which is the command line interface to manage Network-Manager with a brief description of the graphical interface for GNOME which is really intuitive. Instructions are for Debian based Linux distributions which includes Network-Manager by default, therefore there are no installation instructions, but if you used WICD to manage your connections probably your network-manager won’t launch automatically, if that’s your case you need to remove the network manager and reinstall it.

Network-Manager graphical description

Note: This section describes the graphical interface of network-manager which is user friendly and intuitive, for command line instructions jump to nmcli tutorial section.

The network-manager is a daemon starting when the system boots, it can be graphically found in the Gnome applets, next to the clock or sound icons, if you are connected through wifi you’ll find a waves icon like in my example below, through Ethernet you’ll find connected wired devices.

At the top you’ll find the wired connections, then the wireless connections with the option to disable your wireless card, the option to rescan for available networks, Network Settings and Network Connections.

Network settings:

On the network settings section you have options like disabling your wifi card or connect to networks,including hidden networks, setup proxies and more:

Among the available options you can use your device as hotspot easily if you have an additional connection, you can not use your device as hotspot while being used to connect to the internet, but you can share for example, your ethernet connection through your wifi device.

On the window bottom you can find symbols + and – to edit additional options to add and remove VPN connections importing files.

On the network settings main screen next to each connection there are a gear icon to access additional configuration options, a padlock showing if the connection is protected and the signal power:

By clicking on the gear of the established connection you can get and edit settings, the first section “details” will summarize the connection configuration:

The second section “security” displays the encryption type and allows to show the current wireless connection password:

To show the password just mark the “show password” option.

The third section “identity” shows the wifi connection name, the router and local mac addresses:

The fourth section “IPv4” allows to enable or disable this protocol, the DHCP service, the DNS and routing options for the IPv4 protocol only.

The fifth section “IPv6” is the same than above but for IPv6 protocol:

Finally on the last section you can reset all connection settings with option to keep the connection as preferred or not to prevent it from connecting automatically again.

Network connections:

Going back to the menu on the applets bar now click on Network Connections:

On the main menu you’ll see all available connections classified by type, at the bottom you’ll see symbols + and – to add and remove connections.

Next to them there is a gear icon to configure the same options we saw before, the first tab General allows to set the connection preference to connect automatically, to define which users can connect to the network and VPN automation:

The next tab Wi-Fi shows the connection name, the connection mode (client, hotspot or ad hoc), frequency, channel, mac addresses (bssid) and MTU (Max. transmission unit).

Next tab Wifi-Security shows the encryption type and allows to reveal the currentor former password (depending if you are checking a current connection or an outdated one).

Next tab allows to configure a proxy for the whole connection or to browse, you can specify it:

Tab IPv4 allows to change configuration for this protocol such as gateways, DNS and DHCP.

To edit your gateway click on Routes…

Finally you have the IPv6 tab similar to IPv4 but for the IPv6 protocol:

These are all available options on the Network Manager.
Now let’s see a little about nmcli to see some settings from the command line.

Using nmcli, the command line interface for Network-Manager

The option -h will display all available options for this command.

As you can see there are two categories, OPTIONS and OBJECT, where OPTIONS you can instruct how information should be printed and OBJECT what information should be printed.

Among the available options for nmcli you’ll find:

• -o: When using options to display information, the -o (overview) option is useful to summarize the output omitting empty properties and default settings
• -t: The options -t (terse) is used for scripting, by applying this options you can display only values.
• -p: Contrary to the -t option, the -p (pretty) option is to optimize the output for humans, by using this option the output will be listed in columns.
• -m: By default nmcli shows the output in tabular mode. The options -m (mode) allows to change the output to multiline mode.
• -c: This option is to color the output.
• -f: The option -f(field) is useful to specify what fields should include in the output.
• -g: Same than -m
• -e: The option -e (escape) is useful to escape separators (“:”, “\”).
• -a: The option -a (ask) instructs network-manager to ask additional information if needed, like passwords.
• -s: The option -s (show secret) shows passwords.
• -w: The option -w (wait) allows to limit the time for the requested operation.
• -v: The option -v (version) shows the nmcli version.
  

In the OBJECT section there are 7 options:

• general: This allows to display the Network-Manager status, permissions, hostname and logging level for domains.
• networking: This object is also useful to display the status, to enable and disable networking.
• radio: This object allows to check the wireless state and to turn off and turn on the wireless card.
• connection: This object allows to display connections, add, modify, clone, export, import connections and more.
• device: This object allows to display the status, to connect, disconnect network devices, to list, connect and rescan wifi networks.
• monitor: This object allows to monitor NetworkManager connectivity.

Getting information on network devices with nmcli Network Manager interface:

The following command will show complete information on each network device:

The following example shows the same output optimized for human view through the -p (pretty) option described above:

You can get a summarized view on all devices status by running:

You can also display information on a specific device:

Managing your wifi with nmcli Network Manager interface:

If you want to check your wireless status use the object radio:

You can disable the wifi adapter by specifying it adding the option off:

By using the option on you can enable your wifi:

When we establish a connection, a profile containing the necessary information to establish it again in the future is created,to print the profiles run:

Starting, stopping and disconnecting network interfaces with nmcli Network Manager interface:

To disable a connection run:

Note: while single quote are not mandatory they are useful for connections including spaces, usually on wireless connections.

You can enable the connection by replacing the down for up as in the following example:

You can also disconnect and connect devices instead of connections, when you disable a connection invoking the device instead of the connection name it will prevent the connection from reestablishing automatically:

To connect just replace “disconnect” for “connect”:

I hope you found this tutorial on Network Manager useful. Keep following LinuxHint for more tips and updates on Linux and networking.

About the author

David Adams

David Adams is a System Admin and writer that is focused on open source technologies, security software, and computer systems.

Источник