Ntfs support in linux

NTFS (Русский)

Состояние перевода: На этой странице представлен перевод статьи NTFS. Дата последней синхронизации: 27 марта 2023. Вы можете помочь синхронизировать перевод, если в английской версии произошли изменения.

NTFS (аббревиатура от англ. new technology file system — «файловая система новой технологии») — стандартная файловая система для семейства операционных систем Windows NT фирмы Microsoft.

В ядре Linux есть драйвер ntfs3, реализующий возможность чтения и записи для этой файловой системы.

• Все официальные ядра с версии 5.15 собираются с CONFIG_NTFS3_FS=m и таким образом имеют в своём составе этот драйвер. В Linux < 5.15 для работы с NTFS можно использовать NTFS-3G — файловую систему FUSE. Также есть бэкпорт ntfs3-dkmsAUR .
• Paragon — автор модуля ядра — ещё не выпустил пользовательские инструменты для работы с NTFS3.

Советы и рекомендации

Увеличение производительности

Можно использовать параметр монтирования prealloc для уменьшения фрагментации при параллельных операциях записи (полезно для HDD).

Запрет использования имён, не разрешённых в Windows

Сама NTFS не имеет ограничений на используемые символы и имена, но в Windows они есть.

Начиная с версии ядра 6.2, ntfs3 поддерживает параметр монтирования windows_names . Используйте его для обеспечения совместимости с Windows.

Известные проблемы

Необходимо явно указывать тип файловой системы при монтировании

При монтировании всегда указывайте тип ntfs3 :

# mount -t ntfs3 /dev/sdxY /mnt 

Решение проблем

unknown filesystem type ‘ntfs’

При монтировании NTFS вы можете получить такую ошибку:

mount: /mnt: unknown filesystem type 'ntfs'

Если вы хотите, чтобы ntfs3 использовался по умолчанию для всех разделов ntfs , можно создать правило udev:

/etc/udev/rules.d/ntfs3_by_default.rules

SUBSYSTEM=="block", ENV=="ntfs", ENV="ntfs3"

Однако это не рекомендуется, так как может вызвать проблемы со сторонними инструментами.

Поддержка udisks

udisks поддерживает NTFS3, но на старых версиях udisks или ядра имелись некоторые проблемы. Смотрите ntfs3 PR и issue 932.

Проблемы могут проявляться в виде следующих ошибок, когда NTFS-3G не установлен и udisks пытается использовать драйвер NTFS3 c параметрами монтирования, которые он не распознаёт:

ntfs3: Unknown parameter 'windows_names'

Filesystem type ntfs3,ntfs not configured in kernel

В качестве обходного пути добавьте следующую опцию в секции [defaults] в файле /etc/udisks2/mount_options.conf :

ntfs_defaults=uid=$UID,gid=$GID,defaults,prealloc

Не удаётся примонтировать раздел, отмеченный как dirty, с помощью ntfs3

При попытке смонтировать хороший NTFS-раздел (то есть который успешно монтируется с помощью NTFS-3G и для которого ntfsfix —no-action не сообщает никаких ошибок), вы можете получить следующую ошибку:

mount: /mnt: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdb1, missing codepage or helper program, or other error. dmesg(1) may have more information after failed mount system call.

ntfs3 не будет монтировать раздел, который отмечен как «грязный» (dirty), без опции force. dmesg помогает распознать эту ситуацию:

sdb1: volume is dirty and "force" flag is not set!

Попробуйте запустить ntfsfix с аргументом —clear-dirty для сброса этой отметки. [1]

Смотрите также

Источник

How To Mount NTFS in Linux With Read-only and Read-and-write Access

Does Linux support NTFS? Yes, you can integrate them together with Read-only or Read-and-write permission.

Margarete Cotty

While Windows is the most widely used operating system worldwide, Linux is still the preferred system program by most developers for its slick interface and highly maintained security. It provides a stable and reliable server for extremely sensitive and confidential data.

However, you can’t directly access a file stored on drives formatted in the Windows NTFS file system unless you mount NTFS on your Linux device. This process may seem like a handful, but don’t worry; this article will teach you how to set up NTFS Support in Linux with Read-only and Read-and-write permissions.

In this article

Prerequisites

• A Linux-based system
• A user account with sudo or root access.
• Terminal window / command line access (Activities > Search > Terminal)

Most Unix-like distros employ the NTFS-3g package and FUSE (Filesystem in USErspace) to mount NTFS in Linux. NTFS-3g is a free and open-source NTFS driver that allows users to create, delete, rename, and transfer files from non-Windows devices.

This type of distribution with NTFS-3g and FUSE installed usually finds and mounts NTFS data automatically. But if it doesn’t work on your device, the two mounting methods below might help you solve the problem. You can perform the following procedures with either Read-only or Read-and-write access.

How To Mount NTFS in Linux with Read-Only Permissions

Giving access privileges to anyone is vital. So, if you’re not confident about sharing your data with others, it’s best to mount the NTFS drive on your Linux device with Read-only permission. Such permission provides bounded access and only allows limited inputs. This way, the security of your data is further enhanced to avoid unnecessary changes and tampering.

For the process of mounting an NTFS partition with read-only access, follow the steps below.

Step 1: Determine the NTFS Partition.

Before mounting an NTFS partition, use the parted command to identify it:

For the details, rely upon the picture below:

The example presents two NTFS partitions on the /dev/sdb disk. Before you continue, note the specific number of partitions you want to mount.

To display only NTFS partitions on a disk, run the fdisk and grep commands as listed below:

sudo fdisk -l | grep NTFS

Step 2: Make a mount point and mount an NTFS partition.

As seen from the example, the /dev/sdb1 partition has been set as read-only.

First, use the mkdir command to create the mount point:

Next, mount the partition to the directory you have just created. Run the mount command, together with the previously noted number of partitions:

sudo mount -t NTFS /dev/sdb1 /mnt/ntfs1

Verify the details of the file systems using the disk-free tool. It is for you to ensure that you have successfully mounted the partition. Afterward, run the command below:

At the bottom of the list, the /dev/sdb1 partition is shown as mounted, which means you can now access the Windows NTFS partition from a Linux device with Read-only permission.

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How To Mount NTFS in Linux with Read-and-write Permissions

For some reason, it’s also important to mount NTFS in Linux with Read-and-write permission. Some users utilize Linux to fix Windows operating systems, while others use them both to access various files. Gladly, you can now access NTFS files from non-Windows devices and make several changes without too many limitations. All you have to do is to mount NTFS on your Linux device with Read-and-write access. Follow the step-by-step process below:

Step 1: Update Package Repositories.

To access and update the package repositories, run the following command:

Step 2: Install fuse and NTFS-3g.

Install FUSE and NTFS-3 on your system to mount the partition with Read-and-write permissions. Note that some Linux distributions may come pre-installed with fuse and NTFS-3g. If that’s the case, you may skip this step.

Use the appropriate package manager to install FUSE from the default repository on your Linux system. Check the details before proceeding and ensure that the command inputs are correct. Refer to the code written below:

sudo apt install fuse

When the installation is finished, run the following command to install NTFS-3g:

sudo apt install NTFS-3g

After the FUSE and NTFS-3g have been installed, this is how the screen would look like:

Step 3: Partition NTFS Mount.

After installing the fuse and NTFS-3g software packages, you can now mount your NTFS partition. To do this, use the mkdir command to create a mount point:

Right after, use the mount command to mount the desired partition. For instance, /dev/sdb2:

sudo mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/sdb2 /mnt/ntfs2/

To verify if the partition is mounted, run the df command:

You now have Read-and-write access to the NTFS partition you mounted. Unfortunately, unless you’re using Linux kernel version 2.6.20 or much-updated versions, you can’t possibly mount a partition using NTFS-3g and FUSE.

Video Tutorial — Mount and read a USB Drive with an Ext4 File System Partition in Linux

Final Thoughts

Mounting and accessing NTFS partitions is a simple yet complicated process. However, going through the complete guide discussed above, you can easily mount NTFS on Linux devices. Stick to the steps above to access the read-only & read-and-write options.

For Windows XP/Vista/7/8/10/11

For macOS X 10.10 — macOS 13

Источник

NTFS

NTFS (New Technology File System) is a proprietary journaling file system developed by Microsoft. Starting with Windows NT 3.1, it is the default file system of the Windows NT family.

The ntfs3 kernel driver provides read and write support for the file system.

• All officially supported kernels with versions 5.15 or newer are built with CONFIG_NTFS3_FS=m and thus support it. Before 5.15, NTFS read and write support is provided by the NTFS-3G FUSE file system. Or you can use backported NTFS3 via ntfs3-dkmsAUR .
• Paragon Software, the author of the kernel module, has not yet released userspace utilities for NTFS3. You can use NTFS-3G userspace utilities without NTFS-3G driver via ntfsprogs-ntfs3AUR .

Tips and tricks

Improving performance

You can enable the prealloc mount(8) option to decrease fragmentation in case of parallel write operations (most useful for HDD).

Prevent creation of names not allowed by Windows

NTFS itself does not have restrictions for characters and names used, but Windows does.

Since the kernel version 6.2, ntfs3 supports windows_names mount(8) option. Use it to strictly maintain compatibility.

Known issues

Explicit file system type required to mount

ntfs3 requires the file system type to mount.

To be able to mount the file system, specify its type as ntfs3 . For example, using mount(8) ‘s -t / —types option:

# mount -t ntfs3 /dev/sdxY /mnt 

Troubleshooting

unknown filesystem type ‘ntfs’

When mounting NTFS, you can encounter an error such as:

mount: /mnt: unknown filesystem type 'ntfs'

If you want to use ntfs3 as the default driver for ntfs partitions, such udev rule does the trick:

/etc/udev/rules.d/ntfs3_by_default.rules

SUBSYSTEM=="block", ENV=="ntfs", ENV="ntfs3"

Although, this method is not recommended and can confuse some 3rd party tools.

udisks support

This article or section is out of date.

Reason: The described problems have been fixed. Since kernel version 6.2, ntfs3 supports windows_names option. (Discuss in Talk:NTFS)

udisks supports NTFS3, but has some issues at the moment. See udisks ntfs3 PR and issue 932.

Issues can manifest as the following errors, when the NTFS3 driver is used because NTFS-3G is not installed, but with mount options that it does not recognize:

ntfs3: Unknown parameter 'windows_names'

Filesystem type ntfs3,ntfs not configured in kernel

The second error in particular can be encountered with Dolphin. Nautilus can also report the same error message in the case of a dirty NTFS partition (see #Unable to mount with ntfs3 with partition marked dirty).

As a workaround, add a such option to /etc/udisks2/mount_options.conf in [defaults] section:

ntfs_defaults=uid=$UID,gid=$GID,prealloc

Unable to mount with ntfs3 with partition marked dirty

When trying to mount a good NTFS partition (i.e. which successfully mounts with NTFS-3G and for which ntfsfix —no-action does not report any error), you may get the following error:

mount: /mnt: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdb1, missing codepage or helper program, or other error. dmesg(1) may have more information after failed mount system call.

ntfs3 will not mount a partition where the volume is marked dirty without the force option. dmesg explicitly helps recognizing the situation, saying:

sdb1: volume is dirty and "force" flag is not set!

You can try passing the —clear-dirty argument to ntfsfix to clean it. [1]

See also

Источник