Ntp синхронизировать время linux

About time synchronisation

Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a networking protocol for synchronising time over a network. Basically, a client requests the current time from a server, and uses it to set its own clock.

Behind this simple description, there is a lot of complexity. There are three tiers of NTP servers; tier one NTP servers are connected to atomic clocks, while tier two and tier three three servers spread the load of actually handling requests across the Internet.

The client software is also a lot more complex than you might expect. It must factor in communication delays and adjust the time in a way that does not upset all the other processes that run on the server. Luckily, all that complexity is hidden from you!

By default, Ubuntu uses timedatectl / timesyncd to synchronise time, and they are available by default. See our guide If you would like to know how to configure timedatectl and timesyncd .

Users can also optionally use chrony to serve NTP.

How time synchronisation works

Since Ubuntu 16.04, timedatectl / timesyncd (which are part of systemd ) replace most of ntpdate / ntp .

About timesyncd

timesyncd replaces not only ntpdate , but also the client portion of chrony (formerly ntpd ). So, on top of the one-shot action that ntpdate provided on boot and network activation, timesyncd now regularly checks and keeps your local time in sync. It also stores time updates locally, so that after reboots the time monotonically advances (if applicable).

About timedatectl

If chrony is installed, timedatectl steps back to let chrony handle timekeeping. This ensures that no two time-syncing services can conflict with each other.

ntpdate is now considered deprecated in favor of timedatectl (or chrony ) and is no longer installed by default. timesyncd will generally keep your time in sync, and chrony will help with more complex cases. But if you had one of a few known special ntpdate use cases, consider the following:

• If you require a one-shot sync, use: chronyd -q
• If you require a one-shot time check (without setting the time), use: chronyd -Q

While use of ntpd is no longer recommended, this also still applies to ntpd being installed to retain any previous behaviour/config that you had through an upgrade. However, it also implies that on an upgrade from a former release, ntp / ntpdate might still be installed and therefore renders the new systemd -based services disabled.

Further reading

• ntp.org: home of the Network Time Protocol project
• pool.ntp.org: project of virtual cluster of timeservers
• Freedesktop.org info on timedatectl
• Freedesktop.org info on systemd-timesyncd service
• Chrony FAQ
• Feeding chrony from GPSD
• Also see the Ubuntu Time wiki page for more information.

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Синхронизация времени по NTP

NTP — это протокол синхронизации времени по сети. По существу клиенты запрашивают текущее время на сервере и используют его для установки своих собственных часов.

За этим простым описанием скрывается много сложностей — существуют уровни NTP серверов, где первый уровень подключен к атомным часам, а второй и третий уровни серверов распределяют на себя нагрузку по актуальным запросам из интернета. Кроме того клиентское приложение сложнее, чем вы можете подумать — оно компенсирует задержки соединения и регулирует время таким образом, чтобы не навредить другим процессам, запущенным на сервере. Но к счастью вся эта сложность скрыта от вас!

Ubuntu использует ntpdate и ntpd.

ntpdate

Ubuntu стандартно устанавливается с ntpdate и будет запускать его при каждой загрузке один раз для установки времени по NTP серверу Ubuntu.

ntpd

Сервис NTP ntpd вычисляет уход ваших системных часов и постоянно подправляет их, благодаря чему не происходит сильных изменений, что может приводить к непоследовательности в журналах. Ценой этому небольшое расходование мощности процессора и оперативной памяти, но для современного сервера это несущественно.

Установка

Для установки ntpd из терминала введите:

Настройка

Отредактируйте /etc/ntp.conf для добавления/удаления серверов. По умолчанию эти сервера такие:

# Use servers from the NTP Pool Project. Approved by Ubuntu Technical Board # on 2011-02-08 (LP: #104525). See http://www.pool.ntp.org/join.html for # more information. server 0.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org server 1.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org server 2.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org server 3.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org

После изменений конфигурационного файла вам надо перезапустить ntpd:

Просмотр статуса

Используйте ntpq для просмотра дополнительной информации:

# sudo ntpq -p remote refid st t when poll reach delay offset jitter ============================================================================== +stratum2-2.NTP. 129.70.130.70 2 u 5 64 377 68.461 -44.274 110.334 +ntp2.m-online.n 212.18.1.106 2 u 5 64 377 54.629 -27.318 78.882 *145.253.66.170 .DCFa. 1 u 10 64 377 83.607 -30.159 68.343 +stratum2-3.NTP. 129.70.130.70 2 u 5 64 357 68.795 -68.168 104.612 +europium.canoni 193.79.237.14 2 u 63 64 337 81.534 -67.968 92.792

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Commands to Sync Time with NTP Server in Linux

For many people, computer clocks in your devices, network machines, and servers are generally accurate. But that’s not true! These clocks are manually maintained and backed by batteries which over time drift the clock, especially in the older machines.

So why is accurate time so important? Having exact time on your machine is quite significant because of several reasons. Many aspects of your computer activity are linked with time. Perfectly synched time is crucial for tracking security-related issues; troubleshooting can become quite difficult if the timestamps in log files are incorrect. Even for financial services, keeping accurate time is critical.

Many companies solve time-related issues by connecting their networks with NTP. So what is NTP? Let’s dig into it first:

What is NTP

The full form of NTP is “Network Time Protocol”, which has been one of the most authentic ways to synchronize the clock over a network. If your system uses NTP, you don’t need to check and set your time manually. It automatically updates the clock every time the device reboots. It is an extremely accurate way to update the clock of your device. Since the internet is everywhere, NTP is being used by every modern computer.

How to Enable NTP Synchronization on Linux

Most of the Linux distributions are using “systemd”, which comes with NTP for clock synchronization. To verify this, use the command given below:

It indicates that NTP is active. If, for some reasons, it is not active, then use the below-mentioned command to enable it:

How to Enable NTP for Linux Distributions without “systemd”

But what if your distribution does not come with “systemd”? Well, in that case, you can install NTP.

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