One page manual linux

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One Page Linux Manual
Linux Manual Pages
How manual pages work in Linux?
Examples
Example #1
Example #2
Example #3
Example #4
Example #5
Example #6
Example #7
Conclusion
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One Page Linux Manual

tail -f /var/log/messages Display the last 10 lines of the systemlog.

cat /var/log/dmesg Display the file containing the boottime messages — useful for locatingproblems. Alternatively, use thedmesg command.

* wildcard — represents everything. eg.

cp from/* to will copy all files in thefrom directory to the to directory

? Single character wildcard. eg.

cp config.? /configs will copy all filesbeginning with the name config. inthe current directory to the directorynamed configs.

[xyz] Choice of character wildcards. eg.

ls [xyz]* will list all files in the currentdirectory starting with the letter x, y,or z.

linux single At the lilo prompt, start in single usermode. This is useful if you haveforgotten your password. Boot insingle user mode, then run thepasswd command.

ps List current processes

kill 123 Kill a specific process eg. kill 123

Configuration files and what they do

/etc/profile System wide environment variables forall users.

/etc/fstab List of devices and their associated mountpoints. Edit this file to add cdroms, DOSpartitions and floppy drives at startup.

/etc/motd Message of the day broadcast to all usersat login.

etc/rc.d/rc.local Bash script that is executed at the end oflogin process. Similar to autoexec.bat inDOS.

/etc/HOSTNAME Conatins full hostname including domain.

/etc/cron.* There are 4 directories that automaticallyexecute all scripts within the directory atintervals of hour, day, week or month.

/etc/hosts A list of all know host names and IPaddresses on the machine.

/etc/httpd/conf Paramters for the Apache web server

/etc/inittab Specifies the run level that the machineshould boot into.

/etc/resolv.conf Defines IP addresses of DNS servers.

/etc/smb.conf Config file for the SAMBA server. Allowsfile and print sharing with Microsoftclients.

~/.xinitrc Defines the windows manager loaded byX. ~ refers to user’s home directory.

If the command ls -l is given, a long list of file names isdisplayed. The first column in this list details the permissionsapplying to the file. If a permission is missing for a owner,group of other, it is represented by — eg. drwxr-x—x

File permissions are altered by giving thechmod command and the appropriateoctal code for each user type. eg

chmod 7 6 4 filename will make the filecalled filename R+W+X for the owner,R+W for the group and R for others.

chmod 7 5 5 Full permission for the owner, read andexecute access for the group and others.

chmod +x filename Make the file called filename executableto all users.

X Shortcuts — (mainly for Redhat)

Control|Alt + or — Increase or decrease the screenresolution. eg. from 640×480 to800x600

Alt | escape Display list of active windows

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Shift|Control F8 Resize the selected window

Right click on desktopbackground

Shift|Control Altr Refresh the screen

Shift|Control Altx Start an xterm session

/etc/rc.d/init.d/lpd start Start the print daemon

/etc/rc.d/init.d/lpd stop Stop the print daemon

Display status of the print daemon

lpq Display jobs in print queue

lprm Remove jobs from queue

man subject | lpr Print the manual page called subjectas plain text

man -t subject | lpr Print the manual page called subjectas Postscript output

printtool Start X printer setup interface

~/.Xdefaults Define configuration for some X-applications. ~ refers to user’s homedirectory.

Get your own Official Linux Pocket Protector — includeshandy command summary. Visit:

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Linux Lab Workbook — Confex · 2015. 8. 10. · Title: Linux Lab Workbook Page: Page 4 of 36 Users:neale:WORK:SHARE:Linux_Lab_Workbook.doc — 4 — 1.0 Linux Lab Workbook For each of

1. Sejarah Linux — Gunadarmatiya_noviyanti.staff.gunadarma.ac.id/Downloads/. RANGKUMAN LINUX Page 1 1. Sejarah Linux Linux di buat oleh Linux Torvalds, mahasiswa University of Helsinki

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Linux Manual Pages

In Linux, the manual pages often abbreviated as man pages and is a system’s manual pager and serve as documentation for all kind of computer programs’ purpose in Unix or Unix-like operating systems. In this documentation, there are various topics covered like library and system calls, computer programs, conventions, and standards that are generally formal and some abstract concepts. There is a specific command which invokes the man page. These pages can be put analogous to the online documents that are quite popular today but not exactly the same because documentation on web pages is out of band documentation and would need some internet source to get to read the documentation, whereas the man page comes with the operating system distribution itself.

Web development, programming languages, Software testing & others

Now that we know that manual pages are used for displaying user manuals of any command one would like to view it for, it becomes imperative to understand the syntax first, the various options available so that it becomes easier for one to understand the flow and usage of man pages. The syntax is as follows:

Over here, the main keyword is the man, which essentially helps in invoking the command for manual pages. Next, the [OPTION] is a placeholder to provide any options that will denote a particular utility. Finally, [COMMAND NAME] refers to the command for which we want to view the user manual.

As the next set of syntax, this syntax is used when one needs to look at a particular section number for a command. Below is the syntax:

man [SECTION-NUM] [COMMAND NAME]

Again, over here, the main keyword is the man who invokes the command for manual pages. Next, the [SECTION-NUM] is a placeholder to provide the section number one needs to refer to for command, and finally [COMMAND NAME] refers to the command for which we want to view the user manual for.

In the next section (How manual pages work), we would understand the different options available in man pages in; over some sections later; we would look at examples from the different sets of examples discussed there.

How manual pages work in Linux?

Manual pages comprise of different sections, about which we will learn in detail in this article but let us list them down here for summarization and prepping up for the next few paragraphs. Manual pages have a detailed view of the command in place and include:

Name
Synopsis
Description
Options
Exit status
Return values
Errors
Files
Versions
Examples
Author
See Also

Now let us look at a few options which are in general used widely when one refers to manual pages. At first, we have a scenario when there is no OPTION given, which will essentially display the entire content from the command’s manual.

This is useful for someone who wants to go through each and every detail of the command and has no specific requirement of a section or utility of the command. This portion serves as documentation for the command and is also very useful for beginners to get the hang of the entire usability of the command.

Second, we have a reference with the section number. The syntax and way of working for the command are as below:

man [SECTION-NUM] [COMMAND NAME]

The manual page is usually divided into multiple sections. This is useful when one needs to refer to a specific section number for the utility of the command. Often this option is used by oneself when one is confident about the command to be used but needs to confirm the particular utility in terms of syntax or feasibility of the same.

Third, we have the -f option; there are times when one may not remember the section number of a particular utility of the command. This option will help list down the essential headlines of a particular section and make concise information of the sections present in the command.

Fourth, we have-a an option that will help display the intro manual pages that are available in succession. Thus, one would be able to skim through each of the sections in succession and choose to either read it by pressing Enter or skip it by pressing Ctrl + D or exit altogether from the succession points by pressing Ctrl + C.

Fifth, we have a -k option that enables the user to use regex to find all the commands that match the regex. If one vaguely remembers the command name, but not exactly, using this option user can get to know the command which has the corresponding utility. For example, if one knows that print is a regular expression present, one can use the same and get the list of all those that have print as a sub-word print. Then, out of the list, one can choose the desired command.

Sixth, we have the option of -w, which returns the manual page’s location in the UNIX environment.

Last but not the least, there is an option of -I, which makes a command case sensitive. This essentially means that printf and Printf are 2 separate commands and can’t be treated as the same.

Examples

This section will go through all the options we have discussed earlier through a particular example.

Example #1

Example #2

Example #3

Example #4

Example #5

Example #6

Example #7

man -I printf man -I Printf

Here the command “printf” is taken as being case-sensitive, and hence the usage of Printf leads to the return of error.

Conclusion

In this article, we have taken you through a ride through all the options that are possible with the usage of manual pages in Linux and serve a wide variety of audience using the manual pages starting from someone who wants to learn about commands from scratch to the one who needs to refer the manual pages to confirm a particular utility!