Pdf for linux commands

Linux Commands List PDF

Linux commands is a popular alternative to Microsoft Windows, and if you choose to use this low-cost or free operating system, you need to know some basic Linux commands to configure, operate, and interact with your system smoothly.

Understanding the most basic Linux commands will allow you to successfully navigate directories, manipulate files, change permissions, display information such as disk space, and more. Obtaining basic knowledge of the most common commands will help you easily execute tasks via the command line. When dealing with the Linux operating system, commands are required as inputs to inform or direct a computer program to perform a specific operation.

Linux Commands List

Command	Description
cat [filename]	Display file’s contents to the standard output device (usually your monitor).
cd /directorypath	Change to directory.
chmod [options] mode filename	Change a file’s permissions.
chown [options] filename	Change who owns a file.
clear	Clear a command line screen/window for a fresh start.
cp [options] source destination	Copy files and directories.
date [options]	Display or set the system date and time.
df [options]	Display used and available disk space.
du [options]	Show how much space each file takes up.
file [options] filename	Determine what type of data is within a file.
find [pathname] [expression]	Search for files matching a provided pattern.
grep [options] pattern [filesname]	Search files or output for a particular pattern.
kill [options] pid	Stop a process. If the process refuses to stop, use kill -9 pid .
less [options] [filename]	View the contents of a file one page at a time.
ln [options] source [destination]	Create a shortcut.
locate filename	Search a copy of your filesystem for the specified filename.
lpr [options]	Send a print job.
ls [options]	List directory contents.
man [command]	Display the help information for the specified command.
mkdir [options] directory	Create a new directory.
mv [options] source destination	Rename or move file(s) or directories.
passwd [name [password]]	Change the password or allow (for the system administrator) to change any password.
ps [options]	Display a snapshot of the currently running processes.
pwd	Display the pathname for the current directory.
rm [options] directory	Remove (delete) file(s) and/or directories.
rmdir [options] directory	Delete empty directories.
ssh [options] [email protected]	Remotely log in to another Linux machine, over the network. Leave an ssh session by typing exit.
su [options] [user [arguments]]	Switch to another user account.
tail [options] [filename]	Display the last n lines of a file (the default is 10).
tar [options] filename	Store and extract files from a tarfile (.tar) or tarball ( .tar.gz or .tgz ).
top	Displays the resources being used on your system. Press q to exit.
touch filename	Create an empty file with the specified name.
who [options]	Display who is logged on.

Top 50 Linux Commands

1. ls – The most frequently used command in Linux to list directories
2. pwd – Print working directory command in Linux
3. cd – Linux command to navigate through directories
4. mkdir – Command used to create directories in Linux
5. mv – Move or rename files in Linux
6. cp – Similar usage as mv but for copying files in Linux
7. rm – Delete files or directories
8. touch – Create blank/empty files
9. ln – Create symbolic links (shortcuts) to other files
10. cat – Display file contents on the terminal
11. clear – Clear the terminal display
12. echo – Print any text that follows the command
13. less – Linux command to display paged outputs in the terminal
14. man – Access manual pages for all Linux commands
15. uname – Linux command to get basic information about the OS
16. whoami – Get the active username
17. tar – Command to extract and compress files in Linux
18. grep – Search for a string within an output
19. head – Return the specified number of lines from the top
20. tail – Return the specified number of lines from the bottom
21. diff – Find the difference between two files
22. cmp – Allows you to check if two files are identical
23. comm – Combines the functionality of diff and cmp
24. sort – Linux command to sort the content of a file while outputting
25. export – Export environment variables in Linux
26. zip – Zip files in Linux
27. unzip – Unzip files in Linux
28. ssh – Secure Shell command in Linux
29. service – Linux command to start and stop services
30. ps – Display active processes
31. kill and killall – Kill active processes by process ID or name
32. df – Display disk filesystem information
33. mount – Mount file systems in Linux
34. chmod – Command to change file permissions
35. chown – Command for granting ownership of files or folders
36. ifconfig – Display network interfaces and IP addresses
37. traceroute – Trace all the network hops to reach the destination
38. wget – Direct download files from the internet
39. ufw – Firewall command
40. iptables – Base firewall for all other firewall utilities to interface with
41. apt, pacman, yum, rpm – Package managers depending on the distro
42. sudo – Command to escalate privileges in Linux
43. cal – View a command-line calendar
44. alias – Create custom shortcuts for your regularly used commands
45. dd – Majorly used for creating bootable USB sticks
46. whereis – Locate the binary, source, and manual pages for a command
47. whatis – Find what a command is used for
48. top – View active processes live with their system usage
49. useradd and usermod – Add new user or change existing users data
50. passwd – Create or update passwords for existing users

Top 100 Linux Commands

1. Cat (Concatenate)
2. aptitude
3. cal
4. bc
5. chage
6. df
7. help
8. pwd (Print Work Directory)
9. ls
10. factor
11. uname
12. ping
13. mkdir
14. gzip
15. whatis
16. who
17. free
18. top
19. sl
20. banner
21. aafire
22. echo
23. finger
24. groups
25. head
26. man
27. passwd
28. w
29. whoami
30. history
31. login
32. lscpu
33. mv
34. ps
35. kill
36. tail
37. cksum
38. cmp
39. env
40. hostname
41. hwclock
42. lshw
43. nano
44. rm
45. ifconfig
46. clear
47. su
48. wget
49. yes
50. last
51. locate
52. iostat
53. kmod
54. lsusb
55. pstree
56. sudo
57. apt
58. zip
59. unzip
60. shutdown
61. dir
62. cd
63. reboot
64. sort
65. tac
66. exit
67. ionice
68. diff
69. dmidecode
70. expr
71. gunzip
72. hostnamectl
73. iptable
74. killall
75. netstat
76. lsof
77. bzip2
78. service
79. vmstat
80. mpstat
81. usermod
82. touch
83. uniq
84. wc
85. pmap
86. rpm
87. ssh
88. telnet
89. nice
90. nproc
91. scp
92. sleep
93. split
94. stat
95. lsblk
96. hdparm
97. chrt
98. useradd
99. userdel
100. usermod

Download the Linux Commands List PDF using the link given below.

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Edit PDFs on the Linux command line

Many of the documents you receive come in PDF format. Sometimes those PDFs need to be manipulated. For example, pages might need to be removed or added, or you might need to sign or change a specific page.

Whether good or bad, this is the reality we all live in.

There are some fancy graphical user interface tools that let you edit PDFs, but I have always been most comfortable with the command line. Of the many command-line tools for this task, the ones I use when I want to modify a PDF are qpdf and poppler-utils .

Install

On Linux, you can install qpdf and poppler-utils using your package manager (such as apt or dnf .) For example, on Fedora:

$ sudo dnf install qpdf poppler-utils

On macOS, use MacPorts or Homebrew. On Windows, use Chocolatey.

qpdf

The qpdf command can do a lot, but I mostly use it for:

To split a PDF into separate pages:

qpdf --split-pages original.pdf split.pdf

This generates files like split-01.pdf , split-02.pdf , and so on. Each file is a single-page PDF file.

Concatenating files is a little subtler:

qpdf --empty concatenated.pdf --pages split-*.pdf --

This is what qpdf does by default. The —empty option tells qpdf to start with an empty file. The two dashes ( — ) at the end signals that there are no more files to process. This is a case where the parameters reflect an internal model, rather than what people use it for, but at least it runs and produces valid PDFs!

poppler-utils

This package contains several utilities, but the one I use the most is pdftoppm, which converts PDF files to portable pixmap ( ppm ) image files. I usually use it after I split pages with qpdf and need to convert a specific page to an image that I can modify. The ppm format is not well known, but the important thing about it is that most image manipulation methods, including ImageMagick, Pillow, and many other options, work with it. Most of these tools can save files back to PDF, too.

Workflow

• Use qpdf to split the PDF into pages.
• Use poppler-utils to convert the pages that need to be changed into images.
• Modify the images as needed and save them to PDF.
• Use qpdf to concatenate the pages back into one PDF.

Other tools

There are many great open source commands to deal with PDFs, whether you’re shrinking them, creating them from text files, converting documents, or trying your best to avoid them altogether. What are your favorite open source PDF utilities? Please share them in the comments.

Shrink PDF size with this command line trick

Use Ghostscript to compress PDF files on Linux.

Send and receive Gmail from the Linux command line

Use Mutt to send and receive email from your terminal, even if you’re using hosted service such as Gmail.

Edit images with Jupyter and Python

Who needs to learn an image-editing application when you can do the job with open source tools you already know?

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Pdf for linux commands

Pages :	135
Size :	14.2 MB
File type :	PDF
Downloads:	684
Created:	2022-02-03
License:	Open Publication License
Author(s):	Flavio Copes

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