Pip как установить на линукс

Installing packages using pip and virtual environments¶

This guide discusses how to install packages using pip and a virtual environment manager: either venv for Python 3 or virtualenv for Python 2. These are the lowest-level tools for managing Python packages and are recommended if higher-level tools do not suit your needs.

This doc uses the term package to refer to a Distribution Package which is different from an Import Package that which is used to import modules in your Python source code.

Installing pip¶

pip is the reference Python package manager. It’s used to install and update packages. You’ll need to make sure you have the latest version of pip installed.

Debian and most other distributions include a python-pip package; if you want to use the Linux distribution-provided versions of pip, see Installing pip/setuptools/wheel with Linux Package Managers .

You can also install pip yourself to ensure you have the latest version. It’s recommended to use the system pip to bootstrap a user installation of pip:

python3 -m pip install --user --upgrade pip python3 -m pip --version

Afterwards, you should have the latest version of pip installed in your user site:

pip 21.1.3 from $HOME/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages (python 3.9)

The Python installers for Windows include pip. You can make sure that pip is up-to-date by running:

py -m pip install --upgrade pip py -m pip --version

Afterwards, you should have the latest version of pip:

pip 21.1.3 from c:\python39\lib\site-packages (Python 3.9.4)

Installing virtualenv¶

If you are using Python 3.3 or newer, the venv module is the preferred way to create and manage virtual environments. venv is included in the Python standard library and requires no additional installation. If you are using venv, you may skip this section.

virtualenv is used to manage Python packages for different projects. Using virtualenv allows you to avoid installing Python packages globally which could break system tools or other projects. You can install virtualenv using pip.

python3 -m pip install --user virtualenv

py -m pip install --user virtualenv

Creating a virtual environment¶

venv (for Python 3) and virtualenv (for Python 2) allow you to manage separate package installations for different projects. They essentially allow you to create a “virtual” isolated Python installation and install packages into that virtual installation. When you switch projects, you can simply create a new virtual environment and not have to worry about breaking the packages installed in the other environments. It is always recommended to use a virtual environment while developing Python applications.

To create a virtual environment, go to your project’s directory and run venv. If you are using Python 2, replace venv with virtualenv in the below commands.

The second argument is the location to create the virtual environment. Generally, you can just create this in your project and call it env .

venv will create a virtual Python installation in the env folder.

You should exclude your virtual environment directory from your version control system using .gitignore or similar.

Activating a virtual environment¶

Before you can start installing or using packages in your virtual environment you’ll need to activate it. Activating a virtual environment will put the virtual environment-specific python and pip executables into your shell’s PATH .

You can confirm you’re in the virtual environment by checking the location of your Python interpreter:

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Installation#

If your Python environment does not have pip installed, there are 2 mechanisms to install pip supported directly by pip’s maintainers:

ensurepip #

Python comes with an ensurepip module [ 1 ] , which can install pip in a Python environment.

$ python -m ensurepip --upgrade

$ python -m ensurepip --upgrade

More details about how ensurepip works and how it can be used, is available in the standard library documentation.

get-pip.py #

This is a Python script that uses some bootstrapping logic to install pip.

• Download the script, from https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py.
• Open a terminal/command prompt, cd to the folder containing the get-pip.py file and run:

More details about this script can be found in pypa/get-pip’s README.

Standalone zip application#

The zip application is currently experimental. We test that pip runs correctly in this form, but it is possible that there could be issues in some situations. We will accept bug reports in such cases, but for now the zip application should not be used in production environments.

In addition to installing pip in your environment, pip is available as a standalone zip application. This can be downloaded from https://bootstrap.pypa.io/pip/pip.pyz. There are also zip applications for specific pip versions, named pip-X.Y.Z.pyz .

The zip application can be run using any supported version of Python:

then the currently active Python interpreter will be used.

Alternative Methods#

Depending on how you installed Python, there might be other mechanisms available to you for installing pip such as using Linux package managers .

These mechanisms are provided by redistributors of pip, who may have modified pip to change its behaviour. This has been a frequent source of user confusion, since it causes a mismatch between documented behaviour in this documentation and how pip works after those modifications.

If you face issues when using Python and pip installed using these mechanisms, it is recommended to request for support from the relevant provider (eg: Linux distro community, cloud provider support channels, etc).

Upgrading pip #

Upgrade your pip by running:

$ python -m pip install --upgrade pip

$ python -m pip install --upgrade pip

C:> py -m pip install --upgrade pip

Compatibility#

The current version of pip works on:

pip is tested to work on the latest patch version of the Python interpreter, for each of the minor versions listed above. Previous patch versions are supported on a best effort approach.

Other operating systems and Python versions are not supported by pip’s maintainers.

Users who are on unsupported platforms should be aware that if they hit issues, they may have to resolve them for themselves. If they received pip from a source which provides support for their platform, they should request pip support from that source.

The ensurepip module was added to the Python standard library in Python 3.4.

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Installing pip/setuptools/wheel with Linux Package Managers¶

This section covers how to install pip , setuptools , and wheel using Linux package managers.

If you’re using a Python that was downloaded from python.org, then this section does not apply. See the Requirements for Installing Packages section instead.

Note that it’s common for the versions of pip , setuptools , and wheel supported by a specific Linux Distribution to be outdated by the time it’s released to the public, and updates generally only occur for security reasons, not for feature updates. For certain Distributions, there are additional repositories that can be enabled to provide newer versions. The repositories we know about are explained below.

Also note that it’s somewhat common for Distributions to apply patches for the sake of security and normalization to their own standards. In some cases, this can lead to bugs or unexpected behaviors that vary from the original unpatched versions. When this is known, we will make note of it below.

Fedora¶

sudo dnf install python3-pip python3-wheel

To learn more about Python in Fedora, please visit the official Fedora docs, Python Classroom or Fedora Loves Python.

CentOS/RHEL¶

CentOS and RHEL don’t offer pip or wheel in their core repositories, although setuptools is installed by default.

To install pip and wheel for the system Python, there are two options:

Enable the EPEL repository using these instructions. On EPEL 7, you can install pip and wheel like so:

sudo dnf install python3-pip python3-wheel

sudo dnf install python3-pip python3-wheel

sudo dnf upgrade python3-setuptools

To install pip, wheel, and setuptools, in a parallel, non-system environment (using yum) then there are two options:

1. Use the “Software Collections” feature to enable a parallel collection that includes pip, setuptools, and wheel.
   • For Redhat, see here: https://developers.redhat.com/products/softwarecollections/overview
   • For CentOS, see here: https://github.com/sclorg

Be aware that collections may not contain the most recent versions.

sudo yum install python34u python34u-wheel

openSUSE¶

sudo zypper install python3-pip python3-setuptools python3-wheel

Debian/Ubuntu and derivatives¶

Firstly, update and refresh repository lists by running this command:

sudo apt update sudo apt install python3-venv python3-pip

Recent Debian/Ubuntu versions have modified pip to use the “User Scheme” by default, which is a significant behavior change that can be surprising to some users.

Arch Linux¶

Currently, there is no “copr” yum plugin available for CentOS/RHEL, so the only option is to manually place the repo files as described.

Table of Contents

• An Overview of Packaging for Python
• The Packaging Flow
• Tutorials
• Guides
  • Installing packages using pip and virtual environments
  • Installing stand alone command line tools
  • Installing pip/setuptools/wheel with Linux Package Managers
  • Installing scientific packages
  • Package index mirrors and caches
  • Hosting your own simple repository
  • Packaging and distributing projects
  • Including files in source distributions with MANIFEST.in
  • Single-sourcing the package version
  • Dropping support for older Python versions
  • Packaging binary extensions
  • Packaging namespace packages
  • Creating and discovering plugins
  • Using TestPyPI
  • Making a PyPI-friendly README
  • Publishing package distribution releases using GitHub Actions CI/CD workflows
  • Tool recommendations
  • Analyzing PyPI package downloads

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  Last updated on Jun 16, 2023. Found a bug?
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