Поддержка opengl в linux

Getting Started

So you want to take advantage of the power of the OpenGL API? If you are visiting this page because a game or software uses the OpenGL API, you need to install the appropriate graphic driver which enables usage of the functionality provided.

To program using the OpenGL API, you need the driver and the development package (depends on platform and programming language). More platform-specific details are described in the sections below.

Contents

FAQ

This Wiki maintains a FAQ page for OpenGL.

Downloading OpenGL

In all three major desktop platforms (Linux, macOS, and Windows), OpenGL more or less comes with the system. However, you will need to ensure that you have downloaded and installed a recent driver for your graphics hardware.

Windows

Appropriate Windows driver websites:

Some sites also distribute beta versions of graphics drivers, which may give you access to bug fixes or new functionality before an official driver release from the manufacturer:

Without drivers, you will default to a software version of OpenGL 1.1 (on Win98, ME, and 2000), a Direct3D wrapper that supports OpenGL 1.1 (WinXP), or a Direct3D wrapper that supports OpenGL 1.1 (Windows Vista and Windows 7). None of these options are particularly fast, so installing drivers is always a good idea.

If your system does not contain a GPU, or the GPU vendor delivers graphics drivers providing OpenGL support that’s so old as to be useless to you, you might want to consider installing the Mesa3D OpenGL library on your system. See this wiki link for details:

Linux

Graphics on Linux is almost exclusively implemented using the X Window system. Supporting OpenGL on Linux involves using GLX extensions to the X Server. There is a standard Application Binary Interface defined for OpenGL on Linux that gives application compatibility for OpenGL for a range of drivers. In addition the Direct Rendering Infrastructure (DRI) is a driver framework that allows drivers to be written and interoperate within a standard framework to easily support hardware acceleration, the DRI is included in of XFree86 4.0 but may need a card specific driver to be configured after installation. These days, XFree86 has been rejected in favor of XOrg due to the change in the license of XFree86, so many developers left Xfree86 and joined the XOrg group. Popular Linux distros come with XOrg now.

Vendors have different approaches to drivers on Linux, some support Open Source efforts using the DRI, and others support closed source frameworks but all methods support the standard ABI that will allow correctly written OpenGL applications to run on Linux.

For more information on developing OpenGL applications on Linux, see Platform specifics: Linux

macOS

Unlike other platforms, where the Operating System and OpenGL implementations are often updated separately, OpenGL updates are included as part of macOS system updates. To obtain the latest OpenGL on macOS, users should upgrade to the latest OS release, which can be found at Apple.com.

For developers, a default installation of macOS does not include any OpenGL headers, nor does it include other necessary development tools. These are installed by a separate developer tools package called Xcode. This installer includes the OpenGL headers, compilers (gcc), debuggers (gdb), Apple’s Xcode IDE, and a number of performance tools useful for OpenGL application development.

For more information on developing OpenGL applications on macOS, see Platform specifics: macOS.

Writing an OpenGL Application

The first step is to pick your language. Bindings for OpenGL exist in many languages, from C# and Java to Python and Lua. Some languages have multiple sets of OpenGL bindings, none of them being official. All of them are ultimately based on the C/C++ bindings.

If you are not using C/C++, you must download and install a package or library for your chosen language that includes the OpenGL bindings. Some come pre-installed, but others have separate downloads.

If you are using C/C++, then you must first set up a build environment (Visual Studio project, GNU makefile, CMake file, etc) that can link to OpenGL. Under Windows, you need to statically link to a library called OpenGL32.lib (note that you still link to OpenGL32.lib if you’re building a 64-bit executable. The «32» part is meaningless). Visual Studio, and most Windows compilers, come with this library.

On Linux, you need to link to libGL. This is done with a command-line parameter of «-lGL».

Initialization

Before you can actually use OpenGL in a program, you must first initialize it. Because OpenGL is platform-independent, there is not a standard way to initialize OpenGL; each platform handles it differently. Non-C/C++ language bindings can also handle these differently.

There are two phases of OpenGL initialization. The first phase is the creation of an OpenGL Context; the second phase is to load all of the necessary functions to use OpenGL. Some non-C/C++ language bindings merge these into one.

OpenGL Context Creation

An OpenGL context represents all of OpenGL. Creating one is very platform-specific, as well as language-binding specific.

If you are using the C/C++ language binding for OpenGL, then you are strongly advised to use a window toolkit for managing this task. These libraries create a window, attach an OpenGL context to this window, and manage basic input for that window. Once you are comfortable with OpenGL, you can then start learning how to do this manually.

Most non-C/C++ language bindings will provide you with a language-specific mechanism for creating a context.

Getting Functions

If you are using a non-C/C++ language binding, then the maintainer of that binding will already handle this as part of context creation. If you are using C/C++, read on.

In order to use OpenGL, you must get OpenGL API functions. For most libraries you are familiar with, you simply #include a header file, make sure a library is linked into your project or makefile, and it all works. OpenGL doesn’t work that way.

For reasons that are ultimately irrelevant to this discussion, you must manually load functions via a platform-specific API call. This boilerplate work is done with various OpenGL loading libraries; these make this process smooth. You are strongly advised to use one.

If you want to do it manually however, there is a guide as to how to load functions manually. You still should use an extension loader.

Using OpenGL

OpenGL is a rendering library. What OpenGL does not do is retain information about an «object». All OpenGL sees is a ball of triangles and a bag of state with which to render them. It does not remember that you drew a line in one location and a sphere in another.

Because of that, the general way to use OpenGL is to draw everything you need to draw, then show this image with a platform-dependent buffer swapping command. If you need to update the image, you draw everything again, even if you only need to update part of the image. If you want to animate objects moving on the screen, you need a loop that constantly clears and redraws the screen.

There are techniques for only updating a portion of the screen. And you can use OpenGL with these techniques. But OpenGL itself doesn’t do it internally; you must remember where you drew everything. You must figure out what needs updating and clear only that part of the screen. And so forth

There are many tutorials and other materials available for learning how to use OpenGL, both on this wiki and online.

OpenGL Viewers

These are programs that you install and run, and they give you information specific to the OpenGL API your system implements, like the version offered by your system, the vendor, the renderer, the extension list, supported viewport size, line size, point size, plus many other details. Some might include a benchmark. Some are standalone benchmarks.

• GPU Caps Viewer (Windows XP, Vista 32)
• OpenGL Extension Viewer (Windows, Windows x64 and macOS): This one comes with a database containing information about what extensions are implemented by hardware other than your own
• OpenGL hardware capability viewer (Windows, Linux, macOS)
• FurMark benchmarking application (Windows)

Tutorials and How To Guides

User contributed tutorials and getting started guides

• OpenGL 3.0 and above:
  • Learning Modern 3D Graphics Programming Through OpenGL
  • OpenGL Step by Step (using C++, FreeGLUT and GLEW)
  • OpenGLBook.com Free online OpenGL 4.0 book (OpenGL 3.3 code provided wherever possible) using freeglut and GLEW
  • Spiele Programmierung Windows OpenGL 3 Tutorials And Articles, Beginner to Advanced in German
  • Swiftless OpenGL 4 Tutorials
  • opengl-tutorial.org OpenGL 3.3 and later Tutorials
    • Basics
    • Intermediate
    • Pre-OpenGL 3.0:
      • The OpenGL Programming Guide, also called the Red Book Covers OpenGL version 1.1.
      • DurianSoftware.com, Intro to Modern OpenGL (en français)
      • GLUT, Tutorials
      • MarekKnows.com, Game development video tutorials, OpenGL, shaders, physics, math, C++, 3D modeling, network, audio etc
      • NeHe, OpenGL Tutorials
      • SongHo OpenGL tutorials
      • Swiftless Tutorials OpenGL 1 & 2,
      • Lazy Foo’s OpenGL Tutorial, Covers OpenGL 2D in both OpenGL 2.1 and modern OpenGL
      • Shadow Mapping
        • opengl-tutorial.org, Tutorial 16 : Shadow mapping PCF, shadow-acne/peter-panning, stratisfied sampling. GL3.3.
        • paulsprojects.net GL1.5.
        • ShadowMapping with GLSL shadow-acne, resolution, backfaces, border-issues. GL2+

        Development Tools

        • RenderDoc — free, stand-alone graphics debugger. Supports only the OpenGL 3.2+ Core Profile. Works on both Windows and Linux.
        • Nsight Visual Studio Edition — Nsight 3.0 support OpenGL 4.2 Debugging and Profiling, along with Shader Debugging and Pixel History
        • Deleaker — Deleaker for Visual Studio finds OpenGL leaks

        See Also

        • OpenGL Reference: All of the OpenGL 4.6 functions and what they do.
        • Related toolkits and APIs: For utilities that make using OpenGL easier.
        • Language bindings

        External Links

        • Reference Documentation
          • The Khronos OpenGL Registry
          • The Mesa 3D Graphics Library, a software renderer based on the OpenGL API.
          • Ogre 3D engine
          • Visualization Library
          • Delphi OpenGL Demos
          • G-Truc Creation: OpenGL 2.1 — 4.1 Code samples
          • Humus.name many demos, advanced
          • OpenGL SDK projects and OpenGL man pages
          • nVidia’s SDK, examples and many pdf
          • AMD/ATI’s examples and many pdf
          • 3D models
          • http://www.opengl.org/sdk/docs/tutorials/TyphoonLabs/
          • http://www.opencsg.org, Constructive Solid Geometry, boolean operations with geometry
          • GameDev.net, The Gamedev OpenGL Forums
          • http://gpwiki.org A Wiki about Game Programming, also has GL code snippets and other APIs

          Источник

          How to Install OpenGL on Ubuntu Linux

          What Is OpenGL?
          OpenGL is a Graphics rendering API which is operating system independent, window system independent and has high-quality color images composed of geometric and image primitives.
          OpenGL APIs can use following …

          • Gl
            • OpenGL API implementation (http://www.opengl.org)
            • OpenGL Utility
            • OpenGL Utility Toolkit (http://www.opengl.org/resources/libraries/glut/)
            • FlashLight ToolKit (http://www.fltk.org/)

            Now lets see How to install OpenGL on out Ubuntu OS.

            Now because GLUT (OpenGL Utility Toolkit) depends upon OpenGL and a number of other related libraries, if we install GLUT then OpenGL will be automatically be installed.

            Run the following commands to install OpenGL.

            $ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get install libglu1-mesa-dev freeglut3-dev mesa-common-dev

            Now to test if OpenGl libraries are working fine on our Linux, we will create a C++ program and test it.

            So create a following C++ Program.

            #include void displayMe(void) < glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); glBegin(GL_POLYGON); glVertex3f(0.5, 0.0, 0.5); glVertex3f(0.5, 0.0, 0.0); glVertex3f(0.0, 0.5, 0.0); glVertex3f(0.0, 0.0, 0.5); glEnd(); glFlush(); >int main(int argc, char** argv)

            Now give the command below to compile your code.

            $ g++ main.cpp -o firstOpenGlApp -lglut -lGLU -lGL

            Now run your OpenGl program with following command

            

            If a window pops up when you run the program, then OpenGL is working on your Ubuntu OS.

            Источник