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10.5. Customizing Desktop Backgrounds

Using the dconf utility, you can configure the default background, add extra backgrounds, or add multiple backgrounds.

If the users of the system will not be permitted to change these settings from the defaults, then system administrators need to lock the settings using the locks directory. Otherwise each user will be able to customize the setting to suit their own preferences. For more information, see Section 9.5.1, “Locking Down Specific Settings”.

10.5.1. Customizing the Default Desktop Background

You can configure the default desktop background and its appearance by setting the relevant GSettings keys in the org.gnome.desktop.background schema.

Procedure 10.10. Setting the Default Background

# Specify the dconf path [org/gnome/desktop/background] # Specify the path to the desktop background image file picture-uri='file:///usr/local/share/backgrounds/wallpaper.jpg' # Specify one of the rendering options for the background image: # 'none', 'wallpaper', 'centered', 'scaled', 'stretched', 'zoom', 'spanned' picture-options='scaled' # Specify the left or top color when drawing gradients or the solid color primary-color='000000' # Specify the right or bottom color when drawing gradients secondary-color='FFFFFF'

Override the user’s setting to prevent the user from changing it in /etc/dconf/db/local.d/locks/background :

# List the keys used to configure the desktop background /org/gnome/desktop/background/picture-uri /org/gnome/desktop/background/picture-options /org/gnome/desktop/background/primary-color /org/gnome/desktop/background/secondary-color

10.5.2. Adding Extra Backgrounds

Create a filename.xml file (there are no requirements for file names) specifying your extra background’s appearance using the org.gnome.desktop.background schemas . Here is a list of the most frequently used schemas:

Key Name	Possible Values	Description
picture-options	«none», «wallpaper», «centered», «scaled», «stretched», «zoom», «spanned»	Determines how the image set by wallpaper_filename is rendered.
color-shading-type	«horizontal», «vertical», and «solid»	How to shade the background color.
primary-color	default: #023c88	Left or Top color when drawing gradients, or the solid color.
secondary-color	default: #5789ca	Right or Bottom color when drawing gradients, not used for solid color.

The full range of options is to be found in the dconf-editor GUI or gsettings command-line utility. For more information, see Section 9.3, “Browsing GSettings Values for Desktop Applications”.

When the user clicks their name in the top right corner, chooses Settings , and in the Personal section of the table selects Background , they will see the new background available.

Look at the example and see how org.gnome.desktop.background GSettings keys are implemented practically:

Example 10.4. Extra Backgrounds File

    Company Background Firmenhintergrund /usr/local/share/backgrounds/company-wallpaper.jpg zoom solid #ffffff #000000   

See the following example which shows an .xml file with two elements, adding two different backgrounds:

Example 10.5. Extra Backgrounds File with Two Wallpaper Elements

    Company Background Firmenhintergrund /usr/local/share/backgrounds/company-wallpaper.jpg zoom solid #ffffff #000000  Company Background 2 Firmenhintergrund 2 /usr/local/share/backgrounds/company-wallpaper-2.jpg zoom solid #ff0000 #00ffff   

10.5.3. Setting the Screen Shield

Screen Shield is the screen that quickly slides down when the system is locked. It is controlled by the org.gnome.desktop.screensaver.picture-uri GSettings key. Since GDM uses its own dconf profile, you can set the default background by changing the settings in that profile.

Procedure 10.11. Adding a Logo to the Screen Shield

[org/gnome/desktop/screensaver] picture-uri='file:///opt/corp/background.jpg'

Replace /opt/corp/background.jpg with the path to the image file you want to use as the Screen Shield.

Supported formats are PNG, JPG, JPEG, and TGA. The image will be scaled if necessary to fit the screen.

Next time you lock the screen, the new Screen Shield will show in the background. In the foreground, time, date and the current day of the week will be displayed.

10.5.3.1. What If the Screen Shield Does Not Update?

In case the background does not update, try restarting GDM . For more information, see Section 14.1.1, “Restarting GDM”.

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Changing Appearance Themes

One of the most exciting aspects of a Linux desktop is the flexibility it offers in allowing you to change its appearance. You can change not only the backgrounds, but also window borders (including the titlebar), icons, the buttons applications use, and more. To see some examples of what you can do, visit art.gnome.org.

Appearance Preferences window (FEDORA)

Themes In a GUI, a theme is a recurring pattern and overall look that (ideally) pleases the eye and is easy to interpret and use. You can work with desktop themes at several levels. The first and easiest choice is to leave well enough alone. Fedora comes with a good-looking theme named Fedora; RHEL uses Clearlooks. If you are not interested in changing the way the desktop looks, continue with the next section.

The next choice, which is almost as easy, is to select one of the alternative themes that comes with Fedora/RHEL. You can also modify one of these themes, changing the background, fonts, or interface. In addition, you can download themes from many sites on the Internet and change them in the same ways.

The next level is customizing a theme, which changes the way the theme looks—for example, changing the icons used by a theme. At an even higher level, you can design and code your own theme. For more information see the tutorials at art.gnome.org.

The key to changing the appearance of the desktop is the Appearance Preferences window. Display this window by choosing Main menu: SystemOPreferences^ Appearance or by right-clicking the root window (any empty space on a workspace) and selecting Change Desktop Background. The Appearance Preferences window has three tabs:

• The Theme tab (Figure 4-13) enables you to select one of several themes. Click a theme and the workspace immediately reflects the use of that theme. Fedora is the default Fedora theme; select this theme to make the workspace appear as it did when you installed the system. RHEL uses Clearlooks. Once you select a theme, you can either click Close if you are satisfied with your choice or click the other tabs to modify the theme.

Figure 4-13 The Appearance Preferences window, Theme tab

• The Background tab enables you to specify a wallpaper or color for the desktop background. To specify a wallpaper, click one of the samples in the Wallpaper frame or click Add and choose a file—perhaps a picture— you want to use as wallpaper. (Clicking Add displays the Add Wallpaper window; see «Browse/Save window» on page 103 for instructions on selecting a file using this window.) Then choose the style you want GNOME to use to apply the wallpaper. For example, Zoom makes the picture you chose fit the workspace.

You can also specify a color for the background: either solid or a gradient between two colors. To use a color, you must first select No Desktop Background from the Wallpaper frame: Allow the mouse pointer to hover over each of the wallpapers displayed in the Wallpaper frame until you find one that displays the tooltip No Desktop Background. Select that (non)wallpaper. (Initially the icon for this wallpaper appears at the upper-left corner of the wallpaper icons.) Next select Solid color from the drop-down list labeled Colors and click the colored box to the right of this list. GNOME displays the Pick a Color window. Click a color you like from the ring and adjust the color by dragging the little circle within the triangle. Click OK when you are done. The color you chose becomes the background color of the desktop. See page 273 for more information on the Pick a Color window.

• The Fonts tab (Figure 8-8, page 272) enables you to specify which fonts you want GNOME to use in different places on the desktop. You can also change how GNOME renders the fonts (page 272).

The changes you make in the Background and Fonts tabs are used by any theme you select, including ones you customize. When you have finished making changes in the Appearance Preferences window tabs, you can either click Close to use the theme as you have modified it or return to the Theme tab to customize the theme.

Customizing From the Theme tab of the Appearance Preferences window, select the theme you a theme want to customize or continue with the theme you modified in the preceding section. Click Customize to open the Customize Theme window. Go through each tab in this window; choose entries and watch how each choice changes the workspace. Not all tabs work with all themes. When you are satisfied with the result, click Close.

After you customize a theme, it is named Custom. When you customize another theme, those changes overwrite the Custom theme. For this reason it is best to save a customized theme by clicking Save As and specifying a unique name for the theme. After saving a theme, it appears among the themes in the Theme tab.

RHEL In place of the Appearance Preferences window, RHEL uses the Theme Preferences and Desktop Background Preferences windows. The Theme Preferences window takes the place of Fedora’s Theme tab and the Desktop Background Preferences window takes the place of Fedora’s Background tab.

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GTK Common Themes

A snap that exports the GTK and icon themes used on various Linux distros.

Details for GTK Common Themes

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Enable snaps on Red Hat Enterprise Linux and install GTK Common Themes

Snaps are applications packaged with all their dependencies to run on all popular Linux distributions from a single build. They update automatically and roll back gracefully.

Snaps are discoverable and installable from the Snap Store, an app store with an audience of millions.

Enable snapd

Snap is available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 8 and RHEL 7, from the 7.6 release onward.

The packages for RHEL 8 and RHEL 7 are in each distribution’s respective Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux (EPEL) repository. The instructions for adding this repository diverge slightly between RHEL 8 and RHEL 7, which is why they’re listed separately below.

The EPEL repository can be added to RHEL 8 with the following command:

sudo dnf install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm sudo dnf upgrade 

The EPEL repository can be added to RHEL 7 with the following command:

sudo rpm -ivh https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm 

Adding the optional and extras repositories is also recommended:

sudo subscription-manager repos --enable "rhel-*-optional-rpms" --enable "rhel-*-extras-rpms" sudo yum update 

Snap can now be installed as follows:

Once installed, the systemd unit that manages the main snap communication socket needs to be enabled:

sudo systemctl enable --now snapd.socket 

To enable classic snap support, enter the following to create a symbolic link between /var/lib/snapd/snap and /snap :

sudo ln -s /var/lib/snapd/snap /snap 

Either log out and back in again or restart your system to ensure snap’s paths are updated correctly.

Install GTK Common Themes

To install GTK Common Themes, simply use the following command:

sudo snap install gtk-common-themes

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