Роутеры cisco packet tracer

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Главная › Cisco › Cisco Packet Tracer › Настройка основных параметров маршрутизатора. Cisco packet tracer.

Настройка основных параметров маршрутизатора. Cisco packet tracer.

В этом уроке мы выполним настройку основных параметров маршрутизатора (router) в программном обеспечении Packet tracer. Каждая введённая команда сопровождается комментарием.

Router>en // Переходим в привилегированный режим EXEC
Router#conf t // Переходим в режим глобальной конфигурации
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname R2 // Присваиваем маршрутизатору имя R2
R2(config)#enable secret class // Устанавливаем слово — class, в качестве секретного пароля
// Устанавливаем пароль — cisco, для консольного канала и настраиваем процедуру для входа пользователей.
R2(config)#line console 0
R2(config-line)#password cisco
R2(config-line)#login
R2(config-line)#exit
// Устанавливаем пароль — cisco, для виртуального терминала (VTY) для каналов от 0 до 4, и настраиваем процедуру для входа пользователей
R2(config)#line vty 0 4
R2(config-line)#password cisco
R2(config-line)#login
R2(config-line)#exit
R2(config)#service password-encryption // Выполняем процедуру шифрования всех открытых паролей
R2(config)#banner motd #Authorized Access Only!# // Устанавливаем текст для баннера motd (уведомление о несанкционированном доступе)
R2(config)#exit
R2#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R2#copy running-config startup-config // Сохраняем конфигурацию
Destination filename [startup-config]?
Building configuration…
[OK]

Основные параметры для маршрутизатора установлены.

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Configure A Router With Packet Tracer

Computer networking professionals getting started with Packet Tracer may find the interface to be flustered. Being a development program, this is only natural. However, learning how to configure a router with Packet Tracer will put professionals on the right track to mastering the program in about half an hour.
By this time, you should already have the Packet Tracer download and have it installed on your computer. Open the program and select the router from the lower left-hand corner, and drag it into the center of the sandbox screen as seen below. (Click for larger picture)

We will be setting up a very basic network that allows two computers to communicate, so the next step is to select end devices from the bottom left-hand corner and drag it to the sandbox screen. Do this twice to make two computers appear below the router.
Now select connections from the same bottom left-hand corner. When you connect like-devices(Such as a router and computer) you use a crossover cable, so you should select copper cross-over cable from the second menu to the immediate right. Click on Router0, and connect the cable via FastEthernet0/0 as seen below:

Now click the PC0 and select FastEthernet. You will notice that although a link is established, it is not functional. You can tell by the red dots that are present on both ends of the connection. Once the router is configured correctly, the red dots will turn green to indicate the devices are able to communicate.

Do the same operation to PC1, only this time connect the cable to FastEthernet0/1 since FastEthernet0/0 is already taken by PC0. Your network should be similar to the one below at this point:

Configuring The Router In Packet Tracer

A router that is turned off doesn’t work very well! Click on your router to bring up the configuration menu and verify that it is turned on.When on, there will be a small green light below the switch as seen in the diagram.

Next we have to open the Ethernet ports to allow communication. Although they are physically connected, they are in a state that is known as being in administrative shut down. Now click on the CLI tab to access the configuration menu. If you’ve used the Cisco IOS before, you will notice it looks and acts the same way.

1. Press RETURN to start the session
2. Type enable to get to privileged mode (this gives you more options in configuring the router)
3. Type config terminal (or config t for short) to access the configuration menu.
4. Type interface fastethernet0/0 to access Ethernet0/0
5. Type ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0 to assign an IP address and subnet mask to the interface.
6. Type no shutdown to open the interface up for business.

That’s it! You should now see a message similar to the following:

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
Now we have to do the same thing for fastethernet0/1. If you don’t, there still won’t be a connection to PC1! Make sure to enter the IP address carefully as seen below:

1. Press Ctrl + Z to go back to the previous mode.
1. Type interface fastethernet0/1
2. Type ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0
3. Type no shutdown

At this point our router is configured properly. If you test out a ping, you will notice that the computers still don’t communicate, however!

Configuring The Gateway In Packet Tracer

Our last step is to configure the gateway on each desktop computer. The gateway is the address we assigned to the Ethernet port that the desktop is connected to. It will allow the computer to interface with another network, so our ping won’t work without it!
Click on PC0 to bring up the configuration menu. Under global settings you will find a field for the gateway. Enter the corresponding IP address of the router’s interface, which is 192.168.10.1. Then click the FastEthernet tab on the left column to set the actual computer’s IP address to be on the network. Use 192.168.10.2 for the IP address, and 255.255.255.0 for the subnet mask.

Do the same thing for PC1, only use 192.168.20.1 for the gateway address, 192.168.20.2 for the IP address, and 255.255.255.0 for the subnet mask. You can confirm that your network works by sending out a packet of information from PC0 to PC1, and vice versa. Click the packet icon on the right menu as seen below:

Click on PC0 and then click PC1. On the lower right of the screen you will see a message box that says “Successful.” If it doesn’t, you may have had a syntax error when putting in an IP address or router configuration command. Review your work or ask for help among the community if you are stuck.

Closing Comments

Congratulations! You have a small working network. A real-world application of this very network would be to have two computers connected to the Internet, whereas the router would then be connected to your telecommunications company. (Or what we would call the “cloud”)
More advanced devices and topologies won’t be so easy, but you’re now on the right path to becoming qualified for the CCNA certification exam.

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Common Cisco Router Configuration on Packet Tracer

In this Basic Cisco Router Configuration lesson, we will see how to configure a Cisco router basically with the help of Packet Tracer. This CCNA lesson will be an entrance to routers for a Cisco router newbie. Here, we will see Basic Cisco Router Configuration.

You can DOWNLOAD the Packet Tracer example with .pkt format here.

Basic Cisco Router Configuration: How to Start to Configure a Router?

This is the fisrt question of a Cisco router newbie, a new network engineer 🙂 Do not worry it is vey basic. To configure a Cisco router, first of all youneed to enter the “enable mode”. Normall you are under user mode, you can run only show commands. To enter enable mode use the below command:

After this command you are in enable mode. But to make configuration, you need to enter also teh below command under enable mode:

Router#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#

Now you can do any configuration on the Cisco router. After a while, you will gain Cisco hands on experience and speed. At this time you will write “en”, instead of enable, “conf ter” instead of configure terminal etc…

How to Configure a Router’s Hostname

To configure the hostname of the router, use the below command. Here, hostname is the name of your router.

Router(config)#hostname MyRouter
MyRouter(config)#

As you can see, the name of the router has changed as MyRouter.

How to Give a Password to a Router?

To give a password to your router, you can use the “Enable Password” and “Enable Secret Password”. Enable Password stores your password as a clear text. If you want to encryp it you need to use service password-encryption command. Enable Secret Password stores your password in MD5 encryption. And “Enable Secret Password” is more secure. You can check the seem of enable secret in configuration file below.

MyRouter(config)#enable secret 1234567
MyRouter(config)#service password-encryption

You can view the encrypted password with “show running-config” command.

MyRouter#show running config

…
enable secret 5 $1$mERr$iHGIpzTedTCk9bQ93Wry30

…

How to Configure Console Connection Options?

You can configure your console connection. The console password, the history size can be configured. To do this we will use the below commands in thiz Basic Cisco Router Configuration lesson.

MyRouter(config)#line console 0
MyRouter(config-line)#password cisco123
MyRouter(config-line)#login
MyRouter(config-line)#history size ?
Size of history buffer
MyRouter(config-line)#history size 10

Beside these the logging syncronization of console can be configured here. Many new engineers complaintive about the logging synronization of the console. While they are writing someting on the router, it sometimes print something on the secreen and divides your writings. I do not affect the command but it affect your seem. To avoid this, use “logging synchronous” command.

MyRouter(config-line)#logging synchronous

You can also DOWNLOAD all the Packet Tracer examples with .pkt format in Packet Tracer Labs section.

A second more complaint comes about the time out of the session. After a certain of time without a user input, your router time-out. To avoid this use “exec-timeout” command.

MyRouter(config-line)#exec-timeout ?
Timeout in minutes
MyRouter(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 ?
Timeout in seconds

MyRouter(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

How to Configure Your Telnet Connection Options?

You can use the same commands used in console connection options under also telnet connection. There are 0 to 15 telnet connections.

MyRouter(config)#line vty 0 15
MyRouter(config-line)#password cisco123
MyRouter(config-line)#login

How to Configure an Interface of Router?

To configure an interface, firsty you need to go to that interface configuration mode. And then, under this interface, add the ip address with its mask. Do not forget to write “no shutdown”. This opens the interface.

MyRouter(config)#interface GigabitEthernet 0/0
MyRouter(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
MyRouter(config-if)#no shutdown

MyRouter(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up

Let’s Write a Console Message Like the Software Developers “Hello World” 🙂

“Banner Moth” is another one of basic router commands on Cisco. To use it , in the configuration mode, use “banner motd“command. After this write “d” and enter. Then write your message, and finish it with “d” again.

MyRouter(config)#banner motd d
Enter TEXT message. End with the character ‘d’.
Merhaba! Hello! Bonjour! Hola! Namaste! d

After you exit from the console, with multiple exit, you will see the below.
(Do not wait for time-out, we closed it)

Press RETURN to get started!

Merhaba! Hello! Bonjour! Hola! Namaste!

User Access Verification

Password:

What About Saving The Configuration?

To save the configuration, we will use “copy running-config startup-config”. The exact (startup-config) configuration is stored at NVRAM, and the running config is stored at RAM. As you know RAM is temporary storage. To save this confiugration to a permanent one, use “copy running-config startup-config” command.

MyRouter#copy running-config startup-config

Verification of Basic Cisco Router Configuration

To see the full configuration, use “show running-config” command. This is the last configuration you did. If you wonder the startup configuration stored in NVRAM, use “show startup-config” command.

MyRouter#show running-config

In this Basic Cisco Router Configuration lesson, I tried to explain, how to configure Cisco routers basically to a Cisco Router Newbie. We have seen basic Router commands on Cisco. This is only the beginning. Welcome 😉

You can DOWNLOAD the Packet Tracer example with .pkt format here.

You can download “Packet Tracer” in Tools section.

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